Abstract:
Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by hydrodesulfurisation followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst, preferably an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha. A catalytically cracked naphtha from the FCC main column (10) is first hydrotreated in a hydrotreater (11) which it enters through inlet (12). From hydrotreater (11), the desulfurised naphtha passes through line (13) to the second reactor (14) in which it is contacted with ZSM-5 or another acidic catalyst, for example zeolite beta or MCM-22 where a controlled degree of cracking takes place with an octane, which was lost in the hydrotreater, being restored. The effluents from reactor (14) are separated and further processed.
Abstract:
A process for upgrading olefin feedstock containing a mixture of iso-olefin and linear olefin to produce tertiary-alkyl ether and high octane gasoline components comprising dimerized iso-olefin. Product recovery is integrated between primary and secondary reaction stages. In a preferred embodiment, a two stage etherification process employs a secondary solid acid regenerable catalyst bed to dimerize unconverted iso-butene in the debutanizer overhead stream of a conventional MTBE primary reactor stage. Both stages can utilize a regenerable acid catalyst such as ZSM-5 or Zeolite Beta for etherification and to upgrade unconverted alkenes and methanol from the primary stage.
Abstract:
This is a process for upgrading a petroleum naphtha fraction. The naphtha (10) is subjected to reforming (16a, 16b, 16c) and the reformate is cascaded to a benzene and toluene synthesis zone (18) over a synthesis catalyst comprising a molecular sieve of low acid activity. The preferred molecular sieve is steamed ZSM-5. The benzene and toluene synthesis zone (18) is operated under conditions compatible with the conditions of the reformer such as pressures of above about 50 psig (446 kPa) and temperatures above about 800 DEG F (427 DEG C). In one aspect of the invention, the benzene and toluene synthesis catalyst includes a metal hydrogenation component such as cobalt, nickel, platinum and palladium. In one mode of operation, the benzene and toluene synthesis catalyst replaces at least a portion of the catalyst of the reformer. The process produces a product containing an increased proportion of benzene and toluene, and reduced proportion of C8 aromatics, particularly ethylbenzenes, as compared to the reformate.
Abstract:
A benzene-rich gasoline stream is alkylated with higher olefins in contact with a fluid bed of shape selective zeolite catalyst to produce a gasoline product stream reduced in benzene content wherein the high octane value alkylaromatics formed by benzene alkylation are of low carbon number, essentially C10-. Concurrently, a portion of olefins in the gasoline stream are converted to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons and the sulfur content of the gasoline feedstream is lowered. Besides enhancing the octane value of the feedstream, the process results in a lower Reid vapor pressure and lower sulfur content.
Abstract:
Low sulfur gasoline of relatively high octane number is produced from a catalytically cracked, sulfur-containing naphtha by hydrodesulfurisation followed by treatment over an acidic catalyst, preferably an intermediate pore size zeolite such as ZSM-5. The treatment over the acidic catalyst in the second step restores the octane loss which takes place as a result of the hydrogenative treatment and results in a low sulfur gasoline product with an octane number comparable to that of the feed naphtha. A catalytically cracked naphtha from the FCC main column (10) is first hydrotreated in a hydrotreater (11) which it enters through inlet (12). From hydrotreater (11), the desulfurised naphtha passes through line (13) to the second reactor (14) in which it is contacted with ZSM-5 or another acidic catalyst, for example zeolite beta or MCM-22 where a controlled degree of cracking takes place with an octane, which was lost in the hydrotreater, being restored. The effluents from reactor (14) are separated and further processed.
Abstract:
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from an FCC regenerator (30) are reduced by operating the regenerator (30) in partial CO burn mode to produce flue gas with more CO than O2 and with NOx precursors. This flue gas is then enriched with controlled amounts of oxygen and charged over catalyst, preferably Group VIII noble metal on a support, to convert most NOx precursors to nitrogen. Flue gas may then be charged to a CO boiler (89). Eliminating more than 90 % of NOx emissions is possible by operating the FCC regenerator (30) in partial CO burn mode, then adding air and catalytically converting NOx precursors at substoichiometric conditions. Conversion of NOx if formed in the regenerator (30) may be achieved as well.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a dual catalyst process for increasing the production of total olefin and iso-olefin derivatives in the conversion of alkane containing feeds.