摘要:
A gas concentration sensor includes a measurement chamber for measuring a concentration of a specific gas component in a gas under measurement; an inflow path for allowing inflow of the gas under measurement thereinto and an outflow path for allowing outflow of the gas under measurement therefrom; a reflection wall for reflecting an acoustic wave; and an acoustic wave transmitting-receiving element having a transmitting-receiving surface adapted to transmit an acoustic wave toward the reflection wall and receive an acoustic wave reflected from the reflection wall. The concentration of the specific gas in the gas under measurement is detected on the basis of a propagation time between transmission of the acoustic wave and reception of the reflected acoustic wave. When a predetermined member having the sensor attached thereto is placed in a horizontal plane, the transmitting-receiving surface faces downward. A recess is formed in a peripheral portion of the reflection wall. The recess is receded toward a back surface of the reflection wall, i.e. in a direction away from the transmitting-receiving surface.
摘要:
In a hydrogen gas sensor, the flow sectional area of a diffusion-rate limiting portion 6 is rendered small; the electrode surfaces of first and second electrodes 3 and 4 are rendered large; and/or a solution containing a polymer electrolyte identical with that of a proton-conductive layer 2 is applied onto the surfaces of the first and second electrodes 3 and 4 to thereby form a layer containing the polymer electrolyte. Thus, the rate of conduction of protons from the first electrode 3 to the second electrode 4 becomes greater than the rate at which protons are derived from hydrogen gas which is introduced onto the first electrode 3 via the diffusion-rate limiting portion 6. A hydrogen gas sensor capable of accurately measuring a hydrogen gas concentration of a measurement gas atmosphere in the presence of a variety of interfering gasses such as H 2 O and CO is thereby provided.
摘要:
The present invention relate to an apparatus for detecting the concentration of exhaust gases comprising: an NOx occlusion catalyst disposed in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, an NOx sensor mounted downstream of said NOx occlusion catalyst in the exhaust pipe to detect the NOx concentration in the exhaust gases, driving condition setting means for transiently providing a rich air-to-fuel ratio for cleaning NOx occluded in said NOx occlusion catalyst, and means for detecting a state of deterioration of said NOx occlusion catalyst based on changes in a detection output of said NOx sensor before and after setting the rich air-to-fuel ratio.
摘要:
A gas sensor comprises a first pump cell 6 including first internal and external electrodes 10 and 11 so formed as to face from inside and outside a first flow passage 2, respectively, for pumping oxygen out from, and into, the first flow passage, and a second pump cell 8 including second internal and external electrodes 14 and 15 so formed as to face from inside and outside a second flow passage 4 communicating with the first flow passage through a diffusion resistance, wherein a measurement gas component undergoes reaction inside the second flow passage 4 and a current corresponding to the concentration of the measurement gas component flows between the electrodes 14 and 15 through the oxygen ion conductor. At least a part of the first internal electrode 10 contains a platinum group element and Cu.
摘要:
A turbocharger for an automotive vehicle is comprised of a rotatable shaft having a cup-shaped section to which an axial projection of a turbine wheel is fitted under a shrinkage fit. The rotatable shaft is rotatably supported by ball bearings. A nut is screwed on the rotatable shaft in a manner to clamp the ball bearings together with a compressor wheel between it and the cup-shaped section. The inner race of the ball bearing on the turbine wheel side is in axially tight contact with an abutting surface formed in the rotatable shaft. In this arrangement, a setting is made to safisfy the following formala:
ℓ/P ≧ 0.002
where ℓ is a distance (mm) in the rotatable shaft, between a bottom inner surface of the cup-shaped section and the abutting surface; and P is an axial tensile force developed by screwing up the nut in the direction of the cup-shaped section.
摘要:
A detecting-element assembly 40 is configured such that a piezoelectric element 51 is housed in a casing body portion 43 of a casing 42, and is attached to a housing portion 22 of a flow path formation member 20 via a flange portion 41. Therefore, the path between the piezoelectric element 51 and the position of attachment of the detecting-element assembly 40 is elongated, whereby ultrasonic waves which leak into the interior of the detecting-element assembly 40 from the piezoelectric element 51 become unlikely to reflectively return from a joint. Thus, the influence of, for example, noise stemming from reflected waves is reduced, thereby enhancing the accuracy of detection. An average clearance of 1 millimeter or more is provided along the outer circumferential surface of the casing body portion 43 of the detecting-element assembly 40, whereby a problem of collected foreign matter is unlikely to occur.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method and apparatus using a gas concentration sensor for accurately controlling an air fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine, featuring in that before the fuel-vaporized gas purged from the canister enters into the intake manifold whereat the sensor detects the gas concentration of the purged gas, the sensor is adjusted so as to adjust a zero point (or zero output level) of the sensor output. In step 100, a judgment is made as to whether the flow rate of air reaches a predetermined level. In step 110, processing for zero-point correction of the gas concentration sensor is performed. Specifically, in a state in which the purge valve 17 is closed, concentration of purge gas is measured by use of the gas concentration sensor 4, and a sensor output S1 at that time is obtained. Subsequently, the sensor output S1 is compared with a correct sensor output S0 in order to obtain a difference ΔS therebetween. Accordingly, during subsequent gas concentration measurement, a value S3 obtained through subtraction of the difference ΔS from an obtained sensor output S2 is used as a correct sensor output. In step 120, a supply amount of purge gas, i.e., a concentration of the purge gas to be supplied is obtained. In subsequent step 130, the purge valve 17 is driven in order to supply purge gas to the intake pipe 2 in a required amount (A%).
摘要:
The invention relates to an apparatus and a method using a two-serial space sensor (having first and second internal spaces (2, 3)) for accurately measuring NOx concentration in gas, e.g., exhausted from an internal combustion engine. Both NOx (nitrogen oxide) and oxygen are forced to be partially dissociated in the first space (2) to an oxygen concentration level of 2 x 10 -7 to 2 x 10 -10 atm by pumping out oxygen from the first space (2). The NOx concentration is determined based on the second current measured in the second space (4) and based on the NO dissociation percentage in the first space (2) which is 0.5-50%, or preferably 2-20%. The NOx measurement accuracy is further improved when the above oxygen concentration level is maintained from 2 x 10 -8 to 2 x 10 -9 and the temperature drift of the sensor is maintained within ± 5°C under a sensor temperature range of 700-900 °C.