摘要:
Methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of material. According to one aspect, a nuclear density gauge is disclosed for measuring the density of a sample construction material. The gauge includes a radiation source positioned in an interior of a sample construction material and adapted to emit radiation from the interior of the sample construction material. Further, a radiation detector is positioned apart from the radiation source. The radiation detector is operable to produce a signal representing an energy level of detected radiation. A material property calculation function is configured to calculate a value associated with the density of the sample construction material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. Further, the radiation source may be positioned on a surface of the sample construction material and adapted to emit radiation towards the surface of the sample construction material.
摘要:
Water-soluble solvent compositions, including from about 10% to about 60% by weight of an aromatic ester; from about 30% to about 60% by weight of an aliphatic ester; from 0% to about 15% by weight of a co-solvent; from 0% to about 20% of one of a cyclic terpene and a terpenoid; from 0% to about 1% by weight of an odor-masking agent; and from 0% to about 20% by weight of a nonionic surfactant, for removing petroleum residue from a substrate, and methods of use thereof. The composition can further comprise water. The composition also can comprise an aqueous solution. The method for removing petroleum residue from a substrate can further comprise recycling the solvent composition by using a countercurrent separation column charged with compressed ammonia and/or carbon dioxide and a spinning band distillation column to separate the solvent composition from the petroleum residue.