摘要:
Methods and apparatus that combine dispersion interferometry with refractometry to compensate for refractive index fluctuations in the measurement path (20, 22) of a dispersion interferometer (44) over both short and long time periods. Dispersion and refractometry data (16) are weighted over appropriate time intervals, and means and methods are also provided for initializing Η, the inverse dispersive power, so that the dispersion and refractometry data (16) are self consistent. A refractometer (26) is placed in close proximity to the measurement path (20, 22) of the dispersion interferometer (44) to experience substantially the same air flow and act as a surrogate for obtaining information about the index of refraction.
摘要:
Generating a composite image of a non-flat surface includes: acquiring, using a microscope, multiple images of different areas of the non-flat surface, where each image includes a region of overlap with at least one adjacent image, the microscope having sufficient resolution to image in three dimensions a microstructure on the non-flat surface having a lateral dimension of 10 microns or less and a height of 10 nm or less; determining, for each of the images, a set of rigid body parameters relating a position and orientation of the test object in the image to a common coordinate system, where the set of rigid body parameters is determined by fitting the resolved microstructure in the overlap region in the image with the corresponding microstructure in the overlap region of the adjacent image; and combining the images based on the sets of rigid body parameters to generate a composite image.
摘要:
Interferometers (510) utilizing polarization-preserving optical systems (511, 512) by plane polarized beams are deviated through preselected angles without changing their linear state of polarization. The interferometers (510) utilizing such optical systems have a variety of applications and are particularly suitable for use in the field of distance measuring interferometry to enhance measurement accuracy by reducing undesirable polarization effects that can introduce errors associated with an otherwise present undesirable polarization rotation found in classical retroreflectors. Prismatic optical elements are preferably used to construct assemblies (511, 512) which can include polarization beam splitting coating arrangements and/or birefringent materials to enhance the extinction ratio between orthogonally polarized beams propagating through such systems.
摘要:
Conical surfaces (and other complex surface shapes) can be interferometrically characterized using a locally spherical measurement wavefront (e.g, spherical and aspherical wavefronts). In particular, complex surface shapes are measured relative to a measurement point datum. This is achieved by varying the radius of curvature of a virtual surface (152) corresponding to a theoretical test surface that would reflect a measurement wavefront to produce a constant optical path length difference (e.g., zero OPD) between the measurement and reference waveforms.
摘要:
Polarization interferometric architectures (10), preferably plane mirror types, having first and second measurement legs are provided with retardation elements (18, 20, 24), preferably, at least one set of split waveplates (18, 20), comprised of two segments (18, 20), tilted slightly (e.g., 2 mrad) in opposite directions with respect to each other to reduce the effects of undesirable ghost beams that otherwise would travel along the same path as the principal beams (14, 45) to produce significant cyclic errors. With the use of the split waveplates (18, 20), double reflection ghost beams have net tilts relative to the principal measurement beam, and therefore do not contribute to interference effects. This effectively eliminates waveplate ghost reflections as a source of error. Use of the such split, tilted waveplates (18, 20) may be made in a variety of polarization interferometers including, but not limited to, uncompensated plane mirror, high stability plane mirror, differential plane mirror, double differential plane mirror, and dual linear/angular types.