MICROMACHINED TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY DROPLET EJECTORS
    5.
    发明公开
    MICROMACHINED TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY DROPLET EJECTORS 审中-公开
    MADE液滴喷射MICRO DEVICES由二维JETS系列

    公开(公告)号:EP1261487A2

    公开(公告)日:2002-12-04

    申请号:EP01914479.9

    申请日:2001-02-23

    IPC分类号: B41J2/045

    CPC分类号: B41J2/04 B41J2202/15

    摘要: A droplet ejector (11) including a cylindrical reservoir (20) closed at one end with an elastic membrane (14) including at least one aperture (22). A bulk actuator (20) at the other end for actuating the fluid for ejection through the aperture (22). Also disclosed is a micromachined two-dimensional array droplet ejector (11). The ejector (11) includes a two-dimensional array of elastic membranes (14) having orifices (22) closing the ends of cylindrical fluid reservoirs (20). The fluid in the ejectors (11) is bulk actuated to set up pressure waves (28) in the fluid which cause fluid to form a meniscus at each orifice (22). Selective actuation of the membranes (14) ejects droplets. In an alternative mode of operation, the bulk pressure wave has sufficient amplitude to eject droplets while the individual membranes (14) are actuated to selectively prevent ejection of droplets.

    GAIN FLATTENING IN FIBER AMPLIFIERS
    8.
    发明公开
    GAIN FLATTENING IN FIBER AMPLIFIERS 有权
    GAIN晚上在光纤放大器

    公开(公告)号:EP1151505A1

    公开(公告)日:2001-11-07

    申请号:EP00909886.4

    申请日:2000-01-05

    IPC分类号: H01S3/067

    摘要: An optical amplifier has a gain profile which is substantially flat and independent, over a wide range, of the pump power, power of the input signals, and the number of input signals. The amplifier utilizes an optical resonator having a gain medium whose gain broadening behaves inhomogeneously by pumping the gain medium at at least one wavelength in at least one absorption tail of the gain medium. The resonator is a ring resonator that preferably includes an erbium-doped fiber. Codopants may be added to the fiber to enhance the inhomogeneous broadening effect. A method of gain flattening introduces a pump signal into a gain medium. The pump signal has a wavelength in the tail of the absorption profile of the gain medium. A plurality of optical signals at different wavelengths are introduced into the gain medium. Stimulated emission within the gain medium clamps the gain of the gain medium.

    SELF-ORIENTED BUNDLES OF CARBON NANOTUBES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
    9.
    发明公开
    SELF-ORIENTED BUNDLES OF CARBON NANOTUBES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME 审中-公开
    碳纳米管的自学为主BUNDELN及生产工艺

    公开(公告)号:EP1131838A1

    公开(公告)日:2001-09-12

    申请号:EP99972363.8

    申请日:1999-11-04

    IPC分类号: H01J1/30 C23C16/00

    摘要: A field emission device (20) having bundles (28) of aligned parallel carbon nanotubes on a substrate (22). The carbon nanotubes (28) are oriented perpendicular to the substrate (22). The carbon nanotube bundles (28) may be up to 300 microns tall, for example. The bundles (28) of carbon nanotubes extend only from regions of the substrate (22) patterned with a catalyst material (26). Preferably, the catalyst material (26) is iron oxide. The substrate (22) is preferably porous silicon, as this produces the highest quality, most well-aligned nanotubes. Smooth, nonporous silicon or quartz can also be used as the substrate. The method of the invention starts with forming a porous layer on a silicon substrate by electrochemical etching. Then, a thin layer of iron is deposited on the porous layer in patterned regions. The iron is then oxidized into iron oxide, and then the substrate is exposed to ethylene gas at elevated temperature. The iron oxide catalyzes the formation of bundles of temperature. The iron oxide catalyses the formation of bundles of aligned parallel carbon nanotubes which grow perpendicular to the substrate surface. The height of the nanotube bundles above the substrate is determined by the duration of the catalysis step. The nanotube bundles only grow from the patterned regions.

    POLARIZATION AND WAVELENGTH STABLE SUPERFLUORESCENT SOURCES
    10.
    发明公开
    POLARIZATION AND WAVELENGTH STABLE SUPERFLUORESCENT SOURCES 有权
    极化和波长稳定SUPER荧光灯

    公开(公告)号:EP1125346A2

    公开(公告)日:2001-08-22

    申请号:EP99971212.8

    申请日:1999-10-29

    IPC分类号: H01S3/067

    CPC分类号: H01S3/06795 H01S3/094042

    摘要: The instability of the mean wavelength of a superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) is reduced by randomizing the polarization of light from a pump source or by using polarization maintaining components. In one embodiment, the polarization of a pump source is made more random, leading to greater stability of the mean wavelength of the SFS, with an output mean wavelength that is stable to better than 3 ppm for full rotation of the pump polarization state. In another embodiment, the polarization of optical radiation throughout the device is kept substantially constant by using polarization maintaining fiber and components, thereby leading to enhanced mean wavelength stability of the SFS.