摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of purification of compound of formula (I) which comprises the step of crystallization of compound of formula (I) from a composition comprising the compound of formula (I) and the compound of formula (II) and a specific solvent system containing ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol or 2-butanol.
摘要:
Provided is an industrially feasible method for separating tritiated water from light water. The method comprises: a step of removing tritiated water and heavy water from light water by adding heavy water to a liquid mixture containing tritiated water and light water, by converting into a gas hydrate consisting essentially of tritiated water and heavy water as the crystal structure under a condition of converting into the gas hydrate of at least one of heavy water and tritiated water, and yet keeping light water in the liquid state, and a step of separating tritiated water from heavy water by breaking the gas hydrate structure containing tritiated water and heavy water, so as to get a liquid mixture, by converting the liquid mixture containing tritiated water and heavy water into a gas hydrate containing tritiated water in the crystal structure under a condition of converting into a gas hydrate containing tritiated water in the crystal structure and yet keeping heavy water in the liquid condition and then, by breaking the gas hydrate structure of tritiated water, so as to collecting tritiated water in that order.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Latentwärmespeicher mit einem Speicherbehälter 1 zur Aufnahme eines Phasenwechselmaterials und einer Vorrichtung 8 zur Auslösung einer Kristallisation in dem Phasenwechselmaterial. Die Vorrichtung 8 zur Auslösung der Kristallisation weist ein erstes Peltier-Element 14 und ein zweites Peltier-Element 15 auf, die unter Bildung eines Spaltes 16 zur Aufnahme des Phasenwechselmaterials im Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind. Der Spalt 16 zwischen den Peltier-Elementen 14, 15 bildet ein Kompartiment, in den das Phasenwechselmaterial strömen kann. In dem Spalt 16 zwischen den Peltier-Elementen 14, 15 ist unter Bildung von Kanälen 19, in die das Phasenwechselmaterial gelangen kann, mindestens ein metallischer Körper 17 angeordnet, der im thermischen Kontakt mit den Peltier-Elementen ist. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kristallisation des in den Kanälen 19 mit dem Metall in Kontakt befindlichen Phasenwechselmaterials sicher ausgelöst werden kann. Als Werkstoff für die Metallkörper hat sich insbesondere Edelstahl als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen.
摘要:
To recycle fluoride by recovering calcium fluoride having a particle size and purity suitable for production of hydrogen fluoride, from a fluoride-containing effluent or a hydrofluoric acid-containing effluent. This method comprises reacting the fluoride-containing effluent or the hydrofluoric acid-containing effluent with an aqueous calcium chloride solution, under an acidic condition with hydrochloric acid where calcium fluoride has a comparatively high solubility. Calcium fluoride having a high purity and a large particle size can be deposited. The hydrochloric acid residues from the reaction or formed through the reaction is reacted with an inexpensive calcium compound such as calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate to produce an aqueous calcium chloride solution, and the aqueous calcium chloride solution is reused for the treatment of the hydrofluoric acid-containing effluent. The calcium fluoride obtained can be used as a raw material as it is for producing hydrogen fluoride, and the surplus aqueous calcium chloride solution can be supplied for other industrial uses.
摘要:
Described is a device for inducing crystal nucleation in a crystallizer. The device comprises a vessel for fluid and a surface abrader, wherein the surface abrader is configured to abrade a surface within the vessel to induce crystal nucleation. The friction of the abrader against the surface within the vessel creates nano-sized particulates which induce crystal nucleation. Crystal growth can then take place in the crystallizer. Also described is a crystallization apparatus comprising the device and a crystallization process using the device or similar. The device is significantly cheaper and more reliable than known ultrasound devices and facilitates the separation of crystal nucleation and crystal growth. The device also enables the avoidance of the use of seeding as a source of secondary nucleation.
摘要:
The invention is directed to an improvement in operation of wash columns, and more in particular to an apparatus for separating solid particles from a slurry and to a process for separating solid particles from a mother liquor slurry. The apparatus of the invention comprises a wash column (1), which comprises a melting circuit (8,10,11,21), wherein means (22,23) are present to introduce a compound or composition to said wash column between a wash front (6b) formed in said wash column in operation and a product outlet and/or in the melting circuit. The process of the invention comprises separating the liquid from the solid particles by filtration with the aid of at least one filtering element (4), while a packed bed of solid particles coming from the mother liquid slurry forms near said filtering element (4), and wherein a wash front (6b) forms which is obtained by bringing a washing liquid in countercurrent to the solid particles in the bed, the bed being subjected to a movement in the direction of said wash front (6b), while a product stream comprising the material of said solid particles is obtained by continuously discharging a portion of said washing liquid, wherein a portion of said bed is continuously disintegrated, characterized in that a compound or composition is introduced into said wash column (1) between the wash front (6b) and a product outlet and/or in a melting circuit (8,10,11,21), and wherein the introduction of the said compound or composition decreases the equilibrium temperature of the contents of the melting circuit (8,10,11,21), further characterized by the feature that the introduced compound or composition is completely miscible with the product suspension and/or molten product being present in the said melting circuit (8,10,11,21)
摘要:
The present invention provides a method of producing a co-crystal, the method comprising the steps of, providing a first substance and a second substance, wherein the first and second substances are compatible to form a co-crystal, mixing said first and second substances together, and exposing the mixture of said first and second substances to prolonged and sustained conditions of pressure and shear, sufficient to form a co-crystal of said first and second substance.The prolonged and sustained conditions of pressure and shear are preferably applied in an extrusion process. Associated compositions and uses thereof are also provided.
摘要:
This invention provides a process for increasing the crystallinity of at least one solid material which is less than 100% crystalline, comprising contacting said solid material with solvent in which the solid material is insoluble or poorly soluble (a non-solvent); and applying ultrasound to the solid material when in contact with said non-solvent.