摘要:
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Messung der Menge von auf einem Feld stehenden oder liegenden Pflanzen (62), mit einem Sender (56), der eingerichtet ist, elektromagnetische Wellen abzustrahlen, einem orts- und/oder winkelauflösend arbeitenden Empfänger (58), der eingerichtet ist, die vom Sender (56) abgestrahlten und von den Pflanzen (62) reflektierten Wellen zu empfangen, und einer Auswertungseinrichtung (44), die eingerichtet ist, anhand von Signalen des Empfängers (58) die Menge der auf dem Feld stehenden Pflanzen (62) zu ermitteln. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Empfänger (58) betreibbar ist, der Auswertungseinrichtung (44) Signale zuzuführen, die eine Information über die Intensität der empfangenen Wellen enthalten, und dass die Auswertungseinrichtung (44) die Information über die Intensität der Wellen bei der Ermittlung der Menge berücksichtigt.
摘要:
A method of determining strength and related mechanical properties of paper and similar products, both on-line and off-line using a continuous ultrasonic swept frequency wave transmission and reception system. The invention also provides an apparatus for measuring the strength and related mechanical properties of paper and similar products. The apparatus comprises a signal generating means (9), a sample testing means (11) consisting of transmitting means (11) and receiving means (6), and a means for analysing (10) the received results.
摘要:
A method for ultrasonically inspecting a closely packed regular array of mutually parallel, uniformly sized and spaced rigid rods surrounded by a thin-walled metallic channel and immersed in a compressible medium. The method utilizes the properties of coherently scattered ultrasonic waves to identify rods which are defective, out of position or missing. A plane, monochromatic ultrasonic wave is transmitted toward the array of rods on one side thereof. Then an interference pattern produced on an opposing side of the array is detected. This interference pattern is the result of multiple scattering and diffraction of the plane ultrasonic wave during propagation through the array of rods. When the wavelength is comparable with the rod diameter and the rods are not too close together, scattering results in spatial relationships that produce an unusually large amount of wave penetration through the array in certain directions relative to the incident propagation vector. This is akin to Bragg scattering and is dependent on direction, wavelength, and details of the cylindrical array dimensions.
摘要:
A method (100) for determining incipient mechanical failure of an object includes insonifying the object with ultrasonic energy at a selected fundamental frequency (102,104,106). Amplitude data is acquired (108) from the insonified object at the fundamental frequency and at a second harmonic of the fundamental frequency, and a non-linear acoustic image is generated (110) from the amplitude data at the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic frequency.
摘要:
Apparatus for evaluating a part of a seafood animal such as a lobster claw, to determine the ratio of meat to water and other characteristics, including first and second transducers (12, 14) that are coupled to spaced locations on the part P of the animal so when the first transducer transmits sonic energy it passes through the animal part to the second transducer. A circuit (34) coupled to the second transducer analyzes detected sonic energy. In one system, the circuit calculates the velocity of sound through the part of the seafood animal. A higher velocity indicates a higher meat content. Another circuit includes an indicator that indicates the amplitude of sound detected by the second transducer, especially the amplitude of sound of the predominant frequency generated by the first transducer, that has passed directly through the animal part. A lower amplitude indicates a higher meat content. A pressure sensor (124) automatically activates the first transducer to generate sonic energy, when the transducers are pressed with a predetermined force against the part of the seafood animal. The transducers can be mounted on a glove (92) between the thumb (T) and an opposed finger (F), so the part can be tested when it is picked up by a person wearing the glove.
摘要:
A method for examining bonded-metal by ultrasonic examination, the method comprises a step of measuring an attenuation amount of an ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic wave being generated by a sending probe and received by a receiving probe through a bonding interface, the sending probe and the receiving probe being disposed on the bonded-metal with putting the bonding interface therebetween, the bonded-metal being bonded under unknown condition and a step of examining a bonding property of the bonded-metal based on the attenuation amount, with utilizing a relationship between a bonding property and an attenuation amount for standard metal bonded under known condition measured preliminary.
摘要:
An apparatus for detecting breakage of a web (136) of material traversing a machine for feeding the web, and a method for the same. The apparatus includes a housing (50) for mounting three transducers (62,64,66), a first transducer (62) adapted to periodically emit a burst of energy for a period of time, the burst of energy being reflected off an object and producing an echo signal. A second transducer (64) adjacent to the first tranducer (62) receives a portion of the echo signal, and a third transducer (66) also adjacent to the first transducer receives another portion of the echo signal. The strongest portion of the echo signal is used to detect whether the web is broken.