摘要:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method which is improved in a process for delivering ultra high purity liquid carbon dioxide to a point of use at a pressure above ambient without pumping. SOLUTION: In the process, a high purity carbon dioxide feed is charged to a vessel and at least partially solidified. Once filled, the slush or solid is isochorically heated, i.e., heated at a constant vessel volume whereby the solid phase carbon dioxide is converted to a liquid. Then, the liquid is withdrawn from the vessel at a desired pressure at a rate at which the solid phase carbon dioxide is converted to the liquid. The improvement resides in effecting partial solidification and recycle of carbon dioxide. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
摘要:
PURPOSE:To permit optical measurement with high reliability by cooling a sample with the gas right after evaporation of a liquefied gas and putting in and out the rays which enter the sample and emit therefrom through an optical window which is thermally shut off by a vacuum so that the disturbance in the optical system is prevented. CONSTITUTION:The sample 1 which is to be cooled and to be subjected to measurement of its optical characteristics is set to two sample holders 2 and while the temp. thereof is measured by a thermocouple 3, the measurement is made. The position of the sample 1 can be moved by an X-Y-Z stage 4. The gas which is just boiled and evaporated by heating the liquefied gas 5 by a heater 6 is subjected to the sepn. of the liquid splashes by a filter 7 and is blown to the sample. The gas is released from an outlet port 8. The cryostat is so constitued that the liquefied gas is heated and evaporated by the heater and the gas right after the evaporation is blown to the sample in the above- mentioned manner; therefore, the sample is cooled at the evaporating temp. of the liquefied gas; i.e., nearly the liquefying temp. Since the liquid is separated therefore at this time, the scattering of the rays to be projected for the purpose of the optical measurement it obviated.
摘要:
A system and a method for liquefaction of gases which are utilized in their liquid state as refrigerants in applications that require low temperatures, throughout various pressure ranges, from slightly above atmospheric pressures to pressures near the critical point. The system and method are based on closed-cycle cryocoolers and utilize the thermodynamic properties of the gas to achieve optimal liquefaction rates.
摘要:
The methods and apparatus for transporting compressed gas includes a gas storage system having a plurality of pipes connected by a manifold whereby the gas storage system is designed to operate in the pressure range of the minimum compressibility factor for a given composition of gas. A displacement fluid may be used to load or offload the gas from the gas storage system. A vessel including a preferred gas storage system may also include pumping equipment for handling the displacement fluid and provide storage for some or all of the fluid needed to load or unload the vessel.