公开(公告)号：US20090114843A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-07

申请号：US12181711

申请日：2008-07-29

申请人： Alan Keith Thompson ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Michael A. Coplan

发明人： Alan Keith Thompson ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Michael A. Coplan

IPC分类号： G01T1/00 ,  G01J1/58

CPC分类号： G01T3/06

摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting slow neutrons by monitoring Lyman alpha radiation produced by the 3He(n,tp) nuclear reaction induced by neutrons incident on a gas cell containing 3He or a mixture of 3He and other atoms and/or molecules. Such a method and/or apparatus includes the use of, for example, liquid 3He and 4He mixtures as a scintillation counter for the sensitive detection of neutrons using Lyman alpha radiation produced by the 3He(n,tp) reaction. The radiation can be detected with high efficiency with an appropriate photo-detector, or alternatively, it can be converted to radiation at longer wavelength by absorption in scintillation materials, with the radiation channeled to a photodetector. Because of the simplicity of the system and the fact that the radiation production mechanisms can be measured and/or calculated independently, the method and/or apparatus also has the potential for service as a calculable absolute detector.

摘要翻译： 通过监测由入射到含有3He或3He和其他原子和/或分子的混合物的气体细胞的中子引起的3He（n，tp）核反应产生的Lymanα辐射来检测慢中子的方法和装置。 这样的方法和/或装置包括使用例如液体3He和4He混合物作为使用由3He（n，tp）反应产生的Lymanα辐射敏感检测中子的闪烁计数器。 可以用适当的光电检测器高效地检测辐射，或者可以通过在闪烁材料中的吸收将其转换成较长波长的辐射，辐射被引导到光电检测器。 由于系统的简单性以及可以独立地测量和/或计算辐射产生机制的事实，该方法和/或设备也具有作为可计算绝对检测器的服务的潜力。

公开(公告)号：US07791045B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-07

申请号：US12181711

申请日：2008-07-29

申请人： Alan Keith Thompson ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Michael A. Coplan

发明人： Alan Keith Thompson ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Michael A. Coplan

IPC分类号： G01T1/04 ,  G01T1/00

CPC分类号： G01T3/06

摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting slow neutrons by monitoring Lyman alpha radiation produced by the 3He(n,tp) nuclear reaction induced by neutrons incident on a gas cell containing 3He or a mixture of 3He and other atoms and/or molecules. Such a method and/or apparatus includes the use of, for example, liquid 3He and 4He mixtures as a scintillation counter for the sensitive detection of neutrons using Lyman alpha radiation produced by the 3He(n,tp) reaction. The radiation can be detected with high efficiency with an appropriate photo-detector, or alternatively, it can be converted to radiation at longer wavelength by absorption in scintillation materials, with the radiation channeled to a photodetector. Because of the simplicity of the system and the fact that the radiation production mechanisms can be measured and/or calculated independently, the method and/or apparatus also has the potential for service as a calculable absolute detector.

摘要翻译： 通过监测由入射到含有3He或3He和其他原子和/或分子的混合物的气体细胞的中子引起的3He（n，tp）核反应产生的Lymanα辐射来检测慢中子的方法和装置。 这样的方法和/或装置包括使用例如液体3He和4He混合物作为使用由3He（n，tp）反应产生的Lymanα辐射敏感检测中子的闪烁计数器。 可以用适当的光电检测器高效地检测辐射，或者可以通过在闪烁材料中的吸收将其转换成较长波长的辐射，辐射被引导到光电检测器。 由于系统的简单性以及可以独立地测量和/或计算辐射产生机制的事实，该方法和/或设备也具有作为可计算绝对检测器的服务的潜力。

公开(公告)号：US08816296B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-26

申请号：US13282571

申请日：2011-10-27

申请人： Charles W. Clark ,  Patrick P. Hughes ,  Michael Alan Coplan ,  Alan Keith Thompson ,  Robert E. Vest

发明人： Charles W. Clark ,  Patrick P. Hughes ,  Michael Alan Coplan ,  Alan Keith Thompson ,  Robert E. Vest

IPC分类号： G01T3/00

CPC分类号： H01J47/12

摘要： The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for use in highly sensitive and efficient neutron detection, that includes using trigger reactions to initiate far-ultraviolet (FUV) optical emissions. In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for the detection of slow neutrons includes absorption of a slow neutron with a high neutron capture-cross-section nucleus, decay of the compound nucleus into energetic particles, creation of excimers from the energetic particles reacting with a background gas to form excimers, radiative decay of excimers resulting in emission of FUV radiation, and detection of the FUV radiation using an optical detector.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于高灵敏度和有效中子检测的装置和方法，其包括使用触发反应来引发远紫外（FUV）光发射。 在本发明的一些实施例中，用于检测慢中子的方法包括吸收具有高中子捕获截面核的慢中子，将化合物核衰变为高能粒子，从能量粒子反应产生激发子 具有背景气体以形成excimers，导致FUV辐射发射的激发物的辐射衰减，以及使用光学检测器检测FUV辐射。

公开(公告)号：US4493479A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-15

申请号：US475684

申请日：1983-03-14

申请人： Charles W. Clark

发明人： Charles W. Clark

IPC分类号： B66D1/58 ,  B66D5/24 ,  B66D1/48 ,  B66B1/26

CPC分类号： B66D5/24 ,  B66D1/58 ,  Y10T477/813

摘要： A hoist having a motor, gear reduction unit, drum, and an emergency brake on the drum or on a drive-coupled element close to the drum. A brake-actuating mechanism is operated in response to a mechanical out-of-sync detector with mechanical inputs directly from the motor shaft and drum shaft or a shaft coupled to the drum. The detector has an output shaft which signals to actuate the brake actuator when there is a variation in the relative angular velocities between the two input shafts to the detector to set the brake. In one embodiment, the output shaft rotation provided from the variation in the relative velocities of the input shafts also provides the force for applying the emergency brake. In another embodiment, the brake is set by a large force spring which is controlled by a trigger mechanism. In still other embodiments, the mechanical detector is driven by an overspeed or speed-sensitive clutch, and/or by an electrically operated clutch.

摘要翻译： 具有电动机，齿轮减速单元，滚筒和紧急制动器的提升机在滚筒上或靠近滚筒的驱动耦合元件上。 响应于机械失步检测器操作制动致动机构，其具有直接来自马达轴和鼓轴的机械输入或联接到滚筒的轴。 当检测器的两个输入轴之间的相对角速度发生变化以设定制动器时，检测器具有输出轴，其输出信号以致动制动器致动器。 在一个实施例中，由输入轴的相对速度的变化提供的输出轴旋转也提供用于施加紧急制动器的力。 在另一个实施例中，制动器由大的力弹簧设置，该弹簧由触发机构控制。 在其他实施例中，机械检测器由超速或速度敏感的离合器和/或电动离合器驱动。

公开(公告)号：US4734579A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-29

申请号：US882508

申请日：1986-07-07

申请人： Thomas B. Lucatorto ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Tom J. Whitaker

发明人： Thomas B. Lucatorto ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Tom J. Whitaker

IPC分类号： B01D59/44

CPC分类号： B01D59/44

摘要： An ultrasensitive mass spectrometry method based on multiphoton sub-Doppler resonance ionization to measure abundance sensitivities. The method preferentially ionizes a selected isotope in a sample by using Doppler-free resonant multiphoton ionization to produce an enhanced ratio of selected isotopes. Background species are separately ionized and rejected. As necessary or desired, selected isotope ions are preferentially ionized by using a second Doppler-free resonant multiphoton ionization to provide an additional isotope enhancement. The ions produced are injected into a mass spectrometer. Isotopic spectrum analysis of the ions is performed by the spectrometer and the ions are then detected by a detector such as a particular photon multiplier capable of observing a single ion. In one embodiment, at least one of the steps of preferentially ionizing the selected isotope is accomplished by two counter propagating laser beams of slightly different frequencies. Further improved sensitivity is achieved by: (1) using a frequency offset of the laser frequency in an amount proportional to the laser intensity to overcome AC Stark shifts, and (2) withdrawing ions for mass separation from only the central portion of the laser interaction volume.

摘要翻译： 基于多光子亚多普勒共振电离的超灵敏质谱法测量丰度灵敏度。 该方法优选通过使用无多普勒多谐振多光子电离来选择样品中的所选同位素，以产生所选同位素的增强比例。 背景物种被单独离子化并被拒绝。 根据需要或需要，通过使用第二无多普勒共振多光子电离来提供选择的同位素离子以提供另外的同位素增强。 将产生的离子注入质谱仪中。 离子的同位素谱分析由光谱仪进行，然后通过能够观察单个离子的特定光子倍增器的检测器检测离子。 在一个实施例中，优选电离所选择的同位素的步骤中的至少一个是通过两个频率稍微不同的反向传播激光束实现的。 通过以下方式实现进一步提高的灵敏度：（1）使用与激光强度成比例的量的激光频率的频率偏移来克服AC Stark偏移，和（2）仅从激光相互作用的中心部分取出用于质量分离的离子 卷。

公开(公告)号：US3953808A

公开(公告)日：1976-04-27

申请号：US572577

申请日：1975-04-28

申请人： Charles W. Clark ,  Edwin G. Morton ,  Robert L. Voss

发明人： Charles W. Clark ,  Edwin G. Morton ,  Robert L. Voss

IPC分类号： H03F1/32 ,  H03F3/16 ,  H04B3/06

CPC分类号： H03F1/3205 ,  H03F3/165 ,  H04B3/06

摘要： A solid state amplifier includes at least one junction field effect transistor and an impedance network coupled between a signal input terminal of the amplifier and a gate terminal of the transistor. The network includes a p-n junction device having a region of conductivity opposite to that of the gate of the transistor coupled to the gate terminal, the p-n junction being shunted by a resistor coupled in parallel therewith. The network minimizes signal distortion which would otherwise be introduced to the signal output of the amplifier when an inductive load is present in the output circuit of the amplifier.

摘要翻译： 固态放大器包括耦合在放大器的信号输入端和晶体管的栅极端之间的至少一个结场效应晶体管和阻抗网络。 该网络包括一个p-n结器件，其具有与耦合到栅极端子的晶体管的栅极的电导率相反的导电区域，p-n结由与之并联耦合的电阻器分流。 当放大器的输出电路中存在感性负载时，网络将信号失真最小化，否则该失真将被引入放大器的信号输出。

公开(公告)号：US4634864A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-06

申请号：US546052

申请日：1983-10-27

申请人： Thomas B. Lucatorto ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Tom J. Whitaker

发明人： Thomas B. Lucatorto ,  Charles W. Clark ,  Tom J. Whitaker

IPC分类号： B01D59/44

CPC分类号： B01D59/44

摘要： An ultrasensitive mass spectrometry method based on multiphoton sub-Doppler resonance ionization is used to measure abundance sensitivities. The method preferentially ionizes a selected isotope in a sample by using Doppler-free resonant multiphoton ionization to produce an enhanced ratio of selected isotopes. As necessary or desired, selected isotope ions are preferentially ionized by using a second Doppler-free resonant multiphoton ionization to provide an additional isotope enhancement. The ions produced are injected into a mass spectrometer (24). Isotopic spectrum analysis of the ions is performed by the spectrometer (24) and the ions are then detected by a detector (26) such as a particular photon multiplier capable of observing a single ion. In one embodiment, at least one of the steps of preferentially ionizing the selected isotope is accomplished by two counter propagating laser beams of slightly different frequencies.

摘要翻译： 使用基于多光子亚多普勒共振电离的超灵敏质谱方法来测量丰度灵敏度。 该方法优选通过使用无多普勒多谐振多光子电离来选择样品中的所选同位素，以产生所选同位素的增强比例。 根据需要或需要，通过使用第二无多普勒共振多光子电离来提供选择的同位素离子以提供另外的同位素增强。 将产生的离子注入质谱仪（24）。 离子的同位素谱分析由光谱仪（24）进行，然后通过能够观察单个离子的特定光子倍增器的检测器（26）检测离子。 在一个实施例中，优选电离所选择的同位素的步骤中的至少一个是通过两个频率稍微不同的反向传播激光束来实现的。