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    PROCESS FOR PRODUCING WHITE ANODIC OXIDE FINISH
    1.
    发明申请
    PROCESS FOR PRODUCING WHITE ANODIC OXIDE FINISH 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20170226651A1

    公开(公告)日：2017-08-10

    申请号：US15418235

    申请日：2017-01-27

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： James A. Curran ,  Daniel T. McDonald ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C25D11/24

    CPC classification number: C25D11/246 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/14 ,  C25D11/16 ,  C25D11/24 ,  C25D11/26

    Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to treatments for anodic layers. The methods described can be used to impart a white appearance for an anodized substrate. The anodized substrate can include a metal substrate and a porous anodic layer derived from the metal substrate. The porous anodic layer can include pores defined by pore walls and fissures formed within the pore walls. The fissures can act as a light scattering medium to diffusely reflect visible light. In some embodiments, the method can include forming fissures within the pore walls of the porous anodic layer. In some embodiments, exposing the porous anodic layer to an etching solution can form fissures. The method further includes removing a top portion of the porous anodic layer while retaining a portion of the porous anodic layer.

    PROCESS TO MITIGATE GRAIN TEXTURE DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH RATES IN MIRROR-FINISH ANODIZED ALUMINUM
    2.
    发明申请
    PROCESS TO MITIGATE GRAIN TEXTURE DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH RATES IN MIRROR-FINISH ANODIZED ALUMINUM 审中-公开
    减少米色阳极氧化铝颗粒纹理差异生长速度的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20160289858A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-10-06

    申请号：US14678868

    申请日：2015-04-03

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： James A. Curran ,  William A. Counts ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C25D11/10 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/16

    CPC classification number: C25D11/10 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/16 ,  C25D11/18 ,  H05K5/02

    Abstract: Anodizing processes for providing durable and defect-free anodic oxide films, well suited for anodizing highly reflective surfaces, are described. In some embodiments, the anodizing electrolyte has a sulfuric acid concentration substantially less than conventional type II anodizing. In some embodiments, the electrolyte includes a mixture of sulfuric acid and one or more organic acids. In further embodiments, sulfuric acid is a relatively minor additive to an organic acid, primarily serving to minimize discoloration. The processes enables porous, optically clear, and colorless anodic films to be grown in a manner similar to conventional Type II sulfuric acid anodizing, but at lower current densities and/or higher temperatures, without compromising film surface hardness. The thickness uniformity of the resulting anodic oxide films can be within 5% between grains of {111}, {110} and {100} surface orientations. Furthermore, the anodic oxide films have minimal incorporated sulfates, thereby avoiding certain cosmetic and structural defects.

    Abstract translation: 描述了用于提供耐用且无缺陷的阳极氧化膜的阳极氧化工艺，非常适用于阳极氧化高反射表面。 在一些实施方案中，阳极氧化电解质的硫酸浓度基本上低于常规II型阳极氧化。 在一些实施方案中，电解质包括硫酸和一种或多种有机酸的混合物。 在另外的实施方案中，硫酸是有机酸的相对较小的添加剂，主要用于使变色最小化。 这些方法使多孔，光学透明和无色的阳极膜以类似于常规II型硫酸阳极氧化的方式生长，但是在较低的电流密度和/或更高的温度下生长，而不损害膜的表面硬度。 所得阳极氧化膜的厚度均匀度可以在{111}，{110}和{100}表面取向的晶粒之间的5％以内。 此外，阳极氧化膜具有最小的引入的硫酸盐，从而避免了某些化妆品和结构缺陷。

    PROCESS TO MITIGATE SPALLATION OF ANODIC OXIDE COATINGS FROM HIGH STRENGTH SUBSTRATE ALLOYS
    3.
    发明申请
    PROCESS TO MITIGATE SPALLATION OF ANODIC OXIDE COATINGS FROM HIGH STRENGTH SUBSTRATE ALLOYS 有权
    从高强度基材合金减缓阳极氧化涂层的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20160060783A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-03-03

    申请号：US14474021

    申请日：2014-08-29

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： James A. Curran ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C25D11/12 ,  C25D11/10 ,  H05K5/04 ,  C25D11/08

    CPC classification number: C25D11/12 ,  C25D11/04 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/10 ,  C25D11/24 ,  C25D11/243 ,  C25D11/246

    Abstract: Anodic oxide coatings and methods for forming anodic oxide coatings are disclosed. In some embodiments, the anodic oxide coatings are multilayered coatings that include at least two anodic oxide layers formed using two separate anodizing processes. The anodic oxide coating includes at least an adhesion-promoting or color-controlling anodic oxide layer adjacent the substrate. The adhesion-promoting anodic oxide layer is formed using an anodizing process that involves using an electrolyte that prevents formation of delaminating compounds at an interface between the adhesion-promoting anodic oxide layer and the substrate, thereby securing the anodic oxide coating to the substrate. In some cases, the electrolyte includes an organic acid, such as oxalic acid. The anodic oxide coating can also include a cosmetic anodic oxide layer having an exposed surface corresponding to an external surface of the anodic oxide coating. Cosmetic anodic oxide layers can be designed to have a desired appearance or tactile quality.

    Abstract translation: 公开了阳极氧化物涂层和形成阳极氧化物涂层的方法。 在一些实施例中，阳极氧化物涂层是包括使用两个单独的阳极氧化工艺形成的至少两个阳极氧化层的多层涂层。 阳极氧化物涂层至少包括邻近衬底的粘附促进或着色控制阳极氧化层。 使用阳极氧化工艺形成粘附促进阳极氧化层，该方法涉及使用防止在粘合促进阳极氧化层和基板之间的界面处形成分层化合物的电解质，由此将阳极氧化物涂层固定在基板上。 在一些情况下，电解质包括有机酸，例如草酸。 阳极氧化物涂层还可以包括具有对应于阳极氧化物涂层的外表面的暴露表面的化妆品阳极氧化层。 化妆品阳极氧化层可以设计成具有期望的外观或触觉质量。

    Process for reducing nickel leach rates for nickel acetate sealed anodic oxide coatings
    4.
    发明授权
    Process for reducing nickel leach rates for nickel acetate sealed anodic oxide coatings 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10760176B2

    公开(公告)日：2020-09-01

    申请号：US14795832

    申请日：2015-07-09

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： James A. Curran ,  Eric W. Hamann ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C25D11/24

    Abstract: Sealed anodic coatings that are resistant to leaching of nickel and nickel-containing products and methods for forming the same are described. Methods involve post-sealing thermal processes to remove at least some of the leachable nickel from the sealed anodic coatings. In some embodiments, the post-sealing thermal processes involve immersing the sealed anodic coating within a heated solution so as to promote diffusion of the leachable nickel out of the sealed anodic coatings and into the heated solution. The resultant sealed anodic coating is pre-leached of nickel and is therefore well suited for many consumer product applications. In some embodiments, a post-sealing thermal process is used to further hydrate and seal the sealed anodic coating, thereby repairing structural defects within the sealed anodic coating.

    Interference coloring of thick, porous, oxide films
    6.
    发明授权
    Interference coloring of thick, porous, oxide films 有权
    厚多孔氧化膜的干涉染色

    公开(公告)号：US09512537B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-12-06

    申请号：US14312502

    申请日：2014-06-23

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： James A. Curran ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C25D11/14 ,  C25D9/00 ,  C25D11/26 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/10 ,  C25D11/16 ,  C25D11/22 ,  C25D11/12 ,  C25D11/24 ,  C25D11/30 ,  C25D11/34

    CPC classification number: C25D11/26 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/10 ,  C25D11/12 ,  C25D11/16 ,  C25D11/22 ,  C25D11/246 ,  C25D11/30 ,  C25D11/34

    Abstract: Porous metal oxide layers having a color due to visible light interference effects are disclosed. In particular embodiments the porous metal oxide layers are formed using an anodizing processes, which includes a porous metal oxide layer forming process and a barrier layer thickening process. The barrier layer thickening process increases a thickness of a barrier layer within the porous metal oxide layer to a thickness sufficient to and cause incident visible light waves to be reflected in the form of a new visible light waves, thereby imparting a color to the porous metal oxide layer. Methods for tuning the color of the porous metal oxide layer and for color matching surfaces of different types of metal substrates are described.

    Abstract translation: 公开了由于可见光干涉效应而具有颜色的多孔金属氧化物层。 在具体实施方案中，使用阳极氧化工艺形成多孔金属氧化物层，其包括多孔金属氧化物层形成工艺和阻挡层增稠工艺。 阻挡层增厚处理使多孔金属氧化物层内的阻挡层的厚度增加到足以使入射的可见光波以新的可见光波形式反射的厚度，从而赋予多孔金属 氧化层。 描述了用于调整多孔金属氧化物层的颜色和用于不同类型的金属基板的颜色匹配表面的方法。

    ANODIZING AND PRE-ANODIZING PROCESSES BASED ON INCOMING LASER TEXTURED PART
    9.
    发明申请
    ANODIZING AND PRE-ANODIZING PROCESSES BASED ON INCOMING LASER TEXTURED PART 审中-公开
    基于激光纹理部分的阳极化和预处理过程

    公开(公告)号：US20160265117A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-09-15

    申请号：US14835541

    申请日：2015-08-25

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： Max A. Maloney ,  Michael S. Nashner ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C23C26/00

    CPC classification number: C25D11/16 ,  B23K26/354 ,  B23K26/355 ,  B23K26/3576 ,  B23K2103/10 ,  B44C1/228 ,  C25D11/04 ,  C25D11/18 ,  C25F3/20

    Abstract: Substrates having laser textured surfaces and methods for forming the same are described. The methods involve using a laser to form three-dimensional features on a surface of the substrate. The laser three-dimensional features can be designed to interact with incident light to create unique visual effects. In some embodiments, the substrate is further treated with a pre-anodizing process and an anodizing process to form a protective metal oxide coating. In some cases, the type of pre-anodizing and anodizing process are chosen based on the geometry of the three-dimensional features and to enhance the visual effects.

    Abstract translation: 描述了具有激光纹理表面的基板及其形成方法。 该方法包括使用激光在基底表面上形成三维特征。 激光三维特征可以设计成与入射光相互作用，以产生独特的视觉效果。 在一些实施例中，用预阳极氧化工艺和阳极氧化工艺进一步处理衬底以形成保护性金属氧化物涂层。 在某些情况下，根据三维特征的几何形状选择预阳极氧化和阳极氧化处理的类型，并增强视觉效果。

    Process for producing white anodic oxide finish
    10.
    发明授权
    Process for producing white anodic oxide finish 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10920333B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-02-16

    申请号：US15418235

    申请日：2017-01-27

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Inventor： James A. Curran ,  Daniel T. McDonald ,  Sean R. Novak

    IPC: C25D11/24 ,  C25D11/26 ,  C25D11/08 ,  C25D11/14 ,  C25D11/16

    Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to treatments for anodic layers. The methods described can be used to impart a white appearance for an anodized substrate. The anodized substrate can include a metal substrate and a porous anodic layer derived from the metal substrate. The porous anodic layer can include pores defined by pore walls and fissures formed within the pore walls. The fissures can act as a light scattering medium to diffusely reflect visible light. In some embodiments, the method can include forming fissures within the pore walls of the porous anodic layer. In some embodiments, exposing the porous anodic layer to an etching solution can form fissures. The method further includes removing a top portion of the porous anodic layer while retaining a portion of the porous anodic layer.

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