公开(公告)号：US20080092557A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-24

申请号：US11291990

申请日：2005-12-02

Applicant: Beat Mraz ,  Urs Meier ,  Agnes Glemot ,  Dietrich Vogel

Inventor： Beat Mraz ,  Urs Meier ,  Agnes Glemot ,  Dietrich Vogel

IPC: F25B9/00 ,  F25B19/00

CPC classification number: H01F6/04 ,  F17C2270/0527 ,  F25D19/006 ,  G01R33/3804

Abstract: A cryostat configuration comprising an outer shell and a cryocontainer (2) for cryogenic fluid installed therein, wherein the cryocontainer (2) is connected to the outer shell via at least two suspension tubes (16), and with a neck tube (1) whose upper warm end is connected to the outer shell and whose lower cold end is connected to the cryocontainer (2) and into which a cold head (3) of a multi-stage cryocooler is installed, wherein the outer shell, the cryocontainer (2), the suspension tubes (16) and the neck tube (1) delimit an evacuated space, and wherein the cryocontainer (2) is moreover surrounded by at least one radiation shield which is connected to the suspension tubes (16) and optionally to the neck tube (1) of the cryocontainer (2) in a thermally conducting fashion, is characterized by a seal which can be manually and/or automatically actuated to separate the cold end of the neck tube (1) from the cryocontainer (2) in such a manner that fluid flow between the cryocontainer (2) and the neck tube (1) is minimized or completely interrupted. A cryostat configuration of this type ensures safe installation and removal of a cold head (3) into and from a neck tube (1) of a helium container (2).

Abstract translation: 一种低温恒温器配置，其包括外壳和用于安装在其中的低温流体的低温容器（2），其中所述低温容器（2）经由至少两个悬挂管（16）和颈管（1）连接到外壳，颈管 上部暖端连接到外壳，其下冷端连接到低温容器（2），并安装有多级低温冷却器的冷头（3），其中外壳，低温容器（2） 悬挂管（16）和颈管（1）限定了抽空空间，并且其中低温容器（2）还包括至少一个与悬挂管（16）相连并且可选地连接到颈部的辐射屏蔽 低温容器（2）的管（1）以导热方式，其特征在于可以手动和/或自动致动的密封件，从而将颈管（1）的冷端与低温容器（2）分离 流体的方式 低温容器（2）和颈管（1）之间的流量被最小化或完全中断。 这种类型的低温恒温器配置确保将冷头（3）安装到氦容器（2）的颈管（1）中和从其中取出。

公开(公告)号：US20070089432A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-26

申请号：US11443268

申请日：2006-05-31

Applicant: Johannes Boesel ,  Urs Meier ,  Andreas Kraus ,  Beat Mraz

Inventor： Johannes Boesel ,  Urs Meier ,  Andreas Kraus ,  Beat Mraz

IPC: F25B9/00 ,  F17C5/02 ,  F25B19/00

CPC classification number: G01R33/3815 ,  F17C2203/0312 ,  F17C2203/0629 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2223/033 ,  F17C2227/0353 ,  F17C2227/0372 ,  F17C2227/0381 ,  F17C2265/032 ,  F17C2270/0527 ,  F25B9/10 ,  F25B9/145 ,  F25B2309/1428 ,  F25B2400/17 ,  F25D19/006

Abstract: A cryostat configuration for keeping cryogenic fluids in at least one cryocontainer, comprising an outer shell and a neck tube containing a cold head of a cryocooler, wherein the coldest cold stage of the cold head is disposed in a contact-free manner relative to the neck tube and the cryocontainer, and wherein a cryogenic fluid is located in the neck tube, is characterized in that the neck tube is disposed between the outer shell and a cryocontainer and/or the radiation shield, the neck tube is closed in a gas-tight manner at the end facing the cryocontainer and/or the radiation shield, the neck tube is coupled to the cryocontainer and/or a radiation shield disposed between the cryocontainers or a cryocontainer and the outer shell, via a connection having a good thermal conductivity, the neck tube comprising a fill-in device at an end located at ambient temperature. This permits efficient heat transfer between the cryocooler and the cryocontainer with little vibration, while simultaneously ensuring great safety during maintenance work without discharging the magnet.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将低温液体保持在至少一个低温容器中的低温恒温器构造，其包括外壳和含有低温冷却器冷头的颈管，其中冷头的最冷冷阶段相对于颈部以无接触的方式设置 管和低温容器，并且其中低温流体位于颈管中，其特征在于颈管设置在外壳和低温容器和/或辐射屏蔽之间，颈管以气密的方式封闭 在靠近低温容器和/或辐射屏蔽的一端的方式，颈管通过具有良好导热性的连接件连接到低温容器和/或设置在低温容器或低温容器和外壳之间的辐射屏蔽， 颈管包括位于环境温度下的末端的填充装置。 这允许在低温冷却器和低温容器之间几乎没有振动的有效的热传递，同时确保维护工作期间的极大安全性而不排出磁体。

公开(公告)号：US5187938A

公开(公告)日：1993-02-23

申请号：US523747

申请日：1990-05-15

Applicant: Beat Mraz ,  Christoph Notzli ,  Ernst Ungricht ,  Daniel Marek

Inventor： Beat Mraz ,  Christoph Notzli ,  Ernst Ungricht ,  Daniel Marek

IPC: F04D19/02 ,  F17C13/00 ,  F25B9/00 ,  G01R33/3815

CPC classification number: F04D19/02 ,  F25B9/00 ,  G01R33/3815

Abstract: In a method and a device for precooling the helium tank of a cryostat, in particular one for accommodating a superconductive magnet coil, contamination of the helium tank is avoided by the fact that helium gas is cooled down to the temperature of boiling nitrogen in a closed circuit, the helium gas is then circulated through the helium tank and thereafter cooled down again to the temperature of boiling nitrogen. The helium tank is cooled by means of the helium gas, which has a temperature of 77 K, until the tank has reached that temperature. The interior of the helium tank getting into contact exclusively with helium, the helium tank can be filled with liquid helium immediately after it has reached the precooling temperature, without the need to clean the tank first.

Abstract translation: 在用于预冷却低温恒温器的氦罐的方法和装置中，特别是用于容纳超导磁体线圈的氦罐的装置，通过将氦气在封闭的温度下冷却至沸腾氮的温度的事实来避免氦罐的污染 然后将氦气循环通过氦罐，然后再次冷却至沸腾氮的温度。 氦气罐通过氦气冷却，氦气温度为77 K，直到水箱达到该温度。 氦罐的内部仅与氦气接触，氦罐在达到预冷却温度后可立即充满液氦，而无需首先清洗。

公开(公告)号：US5140823A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-25

申请号：US521732

申请日：1990-05-10

Applicant: Beat Mraz

Inventor： Beat Mraz

IPC: B29C70/20 ,  B29D99/00 ,  F17C3/08

CPC classification number: B29C70/20 ,  B29D99/0046 ,  F17C3/085 ,  B29L2031/06 ,  Y02E60/321

Abstract: A cryostat, in particular for superconductive magnets, comprising different components nested in each other, one of them forming an outer shell and at least another one forming a tank arranged in the latter for receiving a coolant, and comprising further tension bars for interconnecting each inner component with its respective adjacent outer component, the said tension bars containing reinforcing fibers and being equipped at their ends with tie rods by means of which they are fixed to the respective component. A bond of high strength is achieved between the tension bars and tie rods due to the fact that the tie rods are provided with an outwardly widening bore, that each end of each tension bar is arranged in the bore in such a manner that the ends of the reinforcing fibers, being spread apart and impregnated with a glue, are located at the wider end of the bore. The widening tension bars, which are passed through the tie rods, have the effect that the connection is subjected, preferably, to pressure and shearing forces, whereby the tensile strength is prevented from dropping suddenly if the breaking tension should be exceeded.

Abstract translation: 一种低温恒温器，特别是用于超导磁体，包括彼此嵌套的不同部件，其中一个形成外壳，并且至少另一个形成容纳布置在其中的容器以容纳冷却剂的罐，并且还包括另外的张力杆，用于将每个内部 所述张力杆包括增强纤维，并且在它们的末端设有拉杆，通过它们固定在相应的部件上。 拉杆和拉杆之间实现了高强度的接合，这是因为拉杆设置有向外加宽的孔，每个拉杆的每个端部以这样的方式设置在孔中： 扩展分开并用胶水浸渍的增强纤维位于孔的较宽端。 穿过拉杆的加宽拉杆具有这样的效果：连接件最好受到压力和剪切力的影响，从而如果应该超过断裂张力，防止拉伸强度突然下降。

公开(公告)号：US5094084A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US521606

申请日：1990-05-10

Applicant: Beat Mraz

Inventor： Beat Mraz

IPC: F16J13/24 ,  F17C13/12 ,  H01J49/02

CPC classification number: F16J13/24 ,  F17C13/123 ,  H01J49/02 ,  F17C2201/0166 ,  F17C2203/032 ,  F17C2203/0391 ,  F17C2203/0629 ,  F17C2205/0332 ,  F17C2221/014 ,  F17C2221/017 ,  F17C2223/0161 ,  F17C2223/033 ,  F17C2270/0527

Abstract: The invention relates to a cryostat, in particular a helium cryostat with an additional nitrogen tank and a vacuum section, comprising a pressure-relief cover arranged at the outside of the tank wall of the cryostat for closing an opening therein. A locking device by which the said pressure-relief cover is retained in position on the tank wall of the cryostat and which, in its closed position, urges the pressure-relief cover against the edge of the tank opening, under the action of a spring, in such a way that the pressure-relief cover is permitted to be lifted off slightly in the presence of a slight overpressure, against the action of a spring, while in the presence of an important overpressure the locking device assumes its open position in which the pressure-relief cover is released from the tank opening, urges the pressure-relief cover automatically against the tank wall so as to close the opening of the tank edge again after a slight overpressure has been released, but releases the opening when an important overpressure prevails in the cryostat. This arrangement prevents damages to the cryostat and avoids the risks connected therewith.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种低温恒温器，特别是具有另外的氮气罐和真空部分的氦低温恒温器，包括设置在低温恒温器的罐壁的外部的用于封闭其中的开口的减压盖。 一种锁定装置，通过该锁定装置，所述减压盖保持在低温恒温器的罐壁上的适当位置，并且在其关闭位置中，在弹簧的作用下将减压盖推压到箱体开口的边缘 以这样一种方式使得在有轻微超压的情况下，抵抗弹簧的作用，允许减压盖稍微抬起，同时在存在重要的超压的情况下，锁定装置呈现其打开位置，在该位置 减压盖从油箱开口释放，将压力释放盖自动推靠在油箱壁上，以在稍微超压释放后再次关闭油箱边缘的开口，但是当重要的超压 在低温恒温器中占优势。 这种安排可以防止对低温恒温器造成损害，并避免与其相关的风险。

公开(公告)号：US07503181B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-17

申请号：US11291990

申请日：2005-12-02

Applicant: Beat Mraz ,  Urs Meier ,  Agnès Glémot ,  Dieter Vogel

Inventor： Beat Mraz ,  Urs Meier ,  Agnès Glémot ,  Dieter Vogel

IPC: F25B19/00

CPC classification number: H01F6/04 ,  F17C2270/0527 ,  F25D19/006 ,  G01R33/3804

Abstract: A cryostat configuration comprising an outer shell and a cryocontainer (2) for cryogenic fluid installed therein, wherein the cryocontainer (2) is connected to the outer shell via at least two suspension tubes (16), and with a neck tube (1) whose upper warm end is connected to the outer shell and whose lower cold end is connected to the cryocontainer (2) and into which a cold head (3) of a multi-stage cryocooler is installed, wherein the outer shell, the cryocontainer (2), the suspension tubes (16) and the neck tube (1) delimit an evacuated space, and wherein the cryocontainer (2) is moreover surrounded by at least one radiation shield which is connected to the suspension tubes (16) and optionally to the neck tube (1) of the cryocontainer (2) in a thermally conducting fashion, is characterized by a seal which can be manually and/or automatically actuated to separate the cold end of the neck tube (1) from the cryocontainer (2) in such a manner that fluid flow between the cryocontainer (2) and the neck tube (1) is minimized or completely interrupted. A cryostat configuration of this type ensures safe installation and removal of a cold head (3) into and from a neck tube (1) of a helium container (2).

Abstract translation: 一种低温恒温器配置，其包括外壳和用于安装在其中的低温流体的低温容器（2），其中所述低温容器（2）经由至少两个悬挂管（16）和颈管（1）连接到外壳，颈管 上部暖端连接到外壳，其下冷端连接到低温容器（2），并安装有多级低温冷却器的冷头（3），其中外壳，低温容器（2） 悬挂管（16）和颈管（1）限定了抽空空间，并且其中低温容器（2）还包括至少一个与悬挂管（16）相连并且可选地连接到颈部的辐射屏蔽 低温容器（2）的管（1）以导热方式，其特征在于可以手动和/或自动致动的密封件，从而将颈管（1）的冷端与低温容器（2）分离 流体在低温容器之间流动的方式 2）和颈管（1）最小化或完全中断。 这种类型的低温恒温器配置确保将冷头（3）安装到氦容器（2）的颈管（1）中和从其中取出。

公开(公告)号：US5744959A

公开(公告)日：1998-04-28

申请号：US757696

申请日：1996-12-03

Applicant: Rene Jeker ,  Silvio Di Nardo ,  Beat Mraz

Inventor： Rene Jeker ,  Silvio Di Nardo ,  Beat Mraz

IPC: F25B9/14 ,  G01R33/3815 ,  H01F6/04 ,  G01V3/00

CPC classification number: H01F6/04 ,  G01R33/3815 ,  F25B2309/1408 ,  F25B2309/1418 ,  F25B2309/14241 ,  F25B2500/13 ,  F25B9/145 ,  F25D19/006

Abstract: A NMR measurement apparatus comprising a cryostat (10) in which a superconducting magnet coil system (9) is disposed in a first tank (8) having cryogenic liquid and surrounded by additional cooling devices such as radiation shields (5, 6), superinsulating foil (7) and, if appropriate, a second tank (3) having cryogenic liquid, is characterized by a pulse tube cooler (11) cryotechnically connected to at least one of the additional cooling devices in a good heat conducting fashion with this cooling device being mechanically attached in the cryostat (10) in such a fashion that vibrational and cryotechnical decoupling is achieved between the cooling device and the first tank (8) having the cryogenic liquid and, in particular, between the cooling device and the superconducting magnet coil system (9). The cooling losses of the cryostat are minimized in the NMR measurement apparatus in accordance with the invention so that a nearly uninterrupted operation of the apparatus is facilitated with, however, no field distortions being produced by the cryogenic measures, which would be extremely undesirable, in particular, with a high resolution NMR spectrometer and which would have to be compensated for through extremely difficult technical measures.

Abstract translation: 一种NMR测量装置，包括低温恒温器（10），其中超导磁体线圈系统（9）设置在具有低温液体的第一容器（8）中并且被诸如辐射屏蔽（5,6）的额外的冷却装置包围，超绝缘箔 （7），并且如果合适的话，具有低温液体的第二罐（3）的特征在于，以这种冷却装置为好，以良好的导热方式与至少一个附加冷却装置冻结技术连接的脉冲管冷却器（11） 机械地连接在低温恒温器（10）中，使得在冷却装置和具有低温液体的第一罐（8）之间，特别是在冷却装置和超导磁体线圈系统之间实现振动和低温技术去耦 9）。 在根据本发明的NMR测量装置中，低温恒温器的冷却损失被最小化，使得装置的几乎不中断的操作被促进，然而，由于低温措施产生的场失真是非常不希望的 特别是使用高分辨率NMR光谱仪，并且必须通过极其困难的技术措施来补偿。

公开(公告)号：US5267445A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-07

申请号：US839966

申请日：1992-02-21

Applicant: Werner Schittenhelm ,  Charles Martin ,  Beat Weber ,  Beat Mraz

Inventor： Werner Schittenhelm ,  Charles Martin ,  Beat Weber ,  Beat Mraz

IPC: F17C3/08 ,  F17C13/00 ,  F17C7/04

CPC classification number: F17C3/085 ,  G01R33/3804 ,  H01F6/04 ,  F17C2221/017 ,  F17C2270/0536

Abstract: A cryomagnet system, in particular for use with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments or ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) experiments, with a low-loss helium cryostat (1) comprising a helium container (2) and one or a plurality of tubes for the feed or exit of helium into or out of the helium container (2), respectively, the tubes being sealed to the atmosphere outside the helium container (2) by at least one non-return low-pressure valve (4), wherein at least one exhaust pipeline (3) is provided with a device for dissipating the energy of the expanding helium. Such a device may consist of a chamber which is deviated from the exhaust pipeline (3) and has a wall material of very high extensibility, e.g. a folding balloon. Yet the device may also consist of a flow baffle which is provided in the exhaust pipeline (3), for example a porous disc (6). The device withdraws kinetic energy from thermo-acoustic oscillations of the helium gas column in the conduit system of the cryostat and thus dampens the detrimental oscillations which entrain increased losses of helium and disturbance of the magnetic field at the locus of the sample (FIG. 3a).

Abstract translation: 特别是用于核磁共振（NMR）实验或离子回旋加速器共振（ICR）实验的低温磁体系统，其具有包含氦容器（2）的低损耗氦低温恒温器（1）和一个或多个用于 分别将氦进出氦容器（2）的进口或出口，管通过至少一个止回低压阀（4）密封到氦容器（2）外部的大气中，其中在 至少一个排气管道（3）设置有用于耗散膨胀氦能的装置。 这种装置可以包括从排气管道（3）偏离并且具有非常高的延展性的壁材料的室，例如， 折叠气球。 然而，该装置还可以由设置在排气管道（3）中的流动挡板构成，例如多孔盘（6）。 该设备从低温恒温器的导管系统中的氦气柱的热声振荡中提取动能，从而抑制有害的振荡，其夹带氦的增加的损失和样品的轨迹上的磁场的扰动（图3a ）。

公开(公告)号：US07330029B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-12

申请号：US11352319

申请日：2006-02-13

Applicant: Beat Mraz ,  Johannes Boesel

Inventor： Beat Mraz ,  Johannes Boesel

IPC: G01V3/00 ,  F25D21/06

CPC classification number: F17C13/08 ,  F17C2203/014 ,  G01R33/3815

Abstract: A cryostat configuration has at least three centering elements (4) which are distributed about the periphery of a cryocontainer (1). Each end (6) of the centering elements (4) facing away from an outer jacket (3) of the cryostat configuration is connected to an actuator (7) which exerts a pressure or tensile force on the respective centering element (4) to generate a mechanical tension in a corresponding centering element (4) which loads the centering elements (4) with a nearly constant pressure or tension, irrespective of the temperature changes within the cryostat configuration. This yields a cryostat configuration which permits pressure centering without overloading the centering elements.

Abstract translation: 低温恒温器配置具有至少三个围绕低温容器（1）的周边分布的定心元件（4）。 定心元件（4）的远离低温恒温器构造的外护套（3）的每个端部（6）连接到致动器（7），致动器（7）在相应的定心元件（4）上施加压力或张力，以产生 相应的定心元件（4）中的机械张力，其以几乎恒定的压力或张力装载定心元件（4），而不管低温恒温器配置中的温度变化。 这产生低温恒温器配置，其允许压力定心而不使定心元件过载。

公开(公告)号：US20070051115A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-08

申请号：US11171423

申请日：2005-07-01

Applicant: Andreas Kraus ,  Beat Mraz ,  Johannes Boesel

Inventor： Andreas Kraus ,  Beat Mraz ,  Johannes Boesel

IPC: F25B9/00 ,  F25B19/00

CPC classification number: F25B9/145 ,  F25B9/10 ,  F25B2309/1408 ,  F25B2400/17 ,  F25D19/006

Abstract: A cryostat configuration for keeping liquid helium comprises an outer jacket (1) surrounding a helium container (2) connected at at least two suspension tubes (3) to the outer jacket (1), and with a neck tube (4) whose upper warm end (5) is connected to the outer jacket (1) and whose lower cold end (6) is connected to the helium container (2) and into which a multi-stage cold head of a cryocooler (7) is installed, wherein the outer jacket (1), the helium container (2), the suspension tubes (3) and the neck tube (4) delimit an evacuated space, and the helium container (2) is surrounded by at least one radiation shield (8) which is connected in a heat-conducting fashion to the suspension tubes (3) and also to a contact surface (9) on the neck tube (4) of the helium container (2). The cryostat configuration is characterized by a gas gap (13) between one or more cold stages of the cold head (7) and one or more contact surfaces (9) in the neck tube (4) which are each connected in a heat-conducting manner to a radiation shield (8) via a fixed, rigid or flexible thermal bridge (12), heat being transferred through the gas gap (13) from the respective radiation shield (8) to the corresponding cold stage of the cold head (7). A cryostat configuration of this type ensures that no vibrations of the cold head (7) stages pass detectably into the cryostat configuration, wherein the quality of the thermal connection between the cold head (7) and the radiation shield(s) (8) is nevertheless sufficient.

Abstract translation: 用于保持液氦的低温恒温器配置包括围绕在至少两个悬挂管（3）连接到外护套（1）的氦容器（2）的外护套（1），以及具有上管 端部（5）连接到外护套（1），并且其下冷端（6）连接到氦容器（2），并且安装有低温冷却器（7）的多级冷头，其中 外护套（1），氦容器（2），悬挂管（3）和颈管（4）限定抽空空间，并且氦容器（2）被至少一个辐射屏蔽（8）包围， 以导热方式连接到悬挂管（3），并且还连接到氦容器（2）的颈管（4）上的接触表面（9）。 低温恒温器配置的特征在于，在冷头（7）的一个或多个冷段与颈管（4）中的一个或多个接触表面（9）之间的气隙（13） 经由固定的刚性或柔性热桥（12）到辐射屏蔽（8）的方式，热量通过气隙（13）从相应的辐射屏蔽（8）传递到冷头（7）的相应冷段 ）。 这种类型的低温恒温器配置确保了冷头（7）级的振动没有可检测地进入低温恒温器配置，其中冷头（7）和辐射屏蔽（8）之间的热连接的质量是 尽管如此