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公开(公告)号：US5381333A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US734591
申请日：1991-07-23
CPC分类号： G01R27/26 , A61B5/0536 , Y10S128/922
摘要： A method in electrical impedance tomography uses an adaptive repeated series of calculations and measurements to determine the best current pattern for a body having an initially unknown internal conductivity, for producing the best electrical impedance image for the body. Initially, an arbitrary current pattern and conductivity is utilized to generate a voltage pattern which is measured and compared with the theoretical voltage pattern based on the arbitrary conductivity and current patterns. When both the current pattern and the conductivity yielded by the process closely match values derived by measurements, the voltage pattern is used to produce the image.
摘要翻译： 电阻抗层析成像中的一种方法使用自适应重复的一系列计算和测量来确定具有最初未知内部电导率的身体的最佳电流模式，以产生用于身体的最佳电阻抗图像。 最初，利用任意的电流模式和电导率来产生电压模式，该电压模式根据任意的电导率和电流模式与理论电压模式进行测量和比较。 当由该过程产生的电流模式和电导率两者都非常匹配通过测量导出的值时，使用电压模式来产生图像。
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公开(公告)号：US5544662A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US132457
申请日：1993-10-06
申请人： Gary J. Saulnier , David G. Gisser , Jonathan C. Newell , Raymond D. Cook , John C. Goble , David Isaacson
发明人： Gary J. Saulnier , David G. Gisser , Jonathan C. Newell , Raymond D. Cook , John C. Goble , David Isaacson
CPC分类号： G01R27/26 , A61B5/0536 , G06F19/3406 , G06F19/3412
摘要： An apparatus for electrical impedance imaging of a body includes an array of multiple electrodes. Each is connected to an adjustable amplitude precision current source of fixed frequency and an oversampling type digital voltmeter. The current amplitudes are set to produce a series of spatial current patterns, all orthogonal to each other, and each applied for only a short time interval while voltages are measured. The voltage and current values are used to create real and reactive impedance images of the interior of the body.
摘要翻译： 用于身体的电阻抗成像的装置包括多个电极阵列。 每个都连接到可调幅度精确的固定频率电流源和过采样型数字电压表。 当前幅度被设置为产生一系列彼此正交的空间电流模式，并且每一个都被施加在短时间间隔内，同时测量电压。 电压和电流值用于产生身体内部的实际和无功阻抗图像。
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公开(公告)号：US5272624A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-21
申请号：US591615
申请日：1990-10-02
CPC分类号： A61B5/0536
摘要： In an electrical impedance imaging system that is capable of forming images based on internal resistivity of a body, an array of electrodes is applied to the surface of the body and energized by a plurality of current generators. Each current generator is controlled to produce current patterns containing single fixed magnitudes. The current generators are also controlled to apply current to the respective electrode only when the current generator is at peak current value to minimize transient conditions and maximize the rate at which images can be produced.
摘要翻译： 在能够基于身体的内部电阻率形成图像的电阻抗成像系统中，电极阵列被施加到身体的表面并被多个电流发生器激励。 每个电流发生器被控制以产生包含单个固定幅度的电流模式。 仅当电流发生器处于峰值电流值时，电流发生器也被控制为仅向相应的电极施加电流，以最小化瞬态条件并使图像的产生速率最大化。
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4.发明授权Bi-level charge pulse apparatus to facilitate nerve location during peripheral nerve block procedures 失效双周期充电脉冲装置，以便于周围神经阻滞手术期间的神经位置公开(公告)号：US06325764B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-04
申请号：US08967054
申请日：1997-11-10
申请人： Richard Lee Griffith , Robert J. Strowe , Jonathan C. Newell , Peter M. Edic , Ralph F. Messina , Frederick Charles Houghton
发明人： Richard Lee Griffith , Robert J. Strowe , Jonathan C. Newell , Peter M. Edic , Ralph F. Messina , Frederick Charles Houghton
IPC分类号： A61B505
CPC分类号： A61B5/4893 , A61B5/05 , A61N1/0551 , A61N1/36021 , Y10S977/864 , Y10S977/875
摘要： A self-contained electrolocation apparatus of the present invention includes an electrically conducting needle cannula having a proximal end, a distal end and a hollow bore therethrough. The invention further includes a non-conductive tube having a proximal end and a distal end, the tube being mounted over the needle cannula so that the distal end of the non-conductive tube is proximal to the distal end of the needle cannula. The non-conductive tube has a conductive layer thereon, whereby the needle cannula and the conductive layer respectively define first and second conductors coaxially spaced from one another by the non-conductive tube. There is a grip fixedly attached to the needle cannula for manipulating the apparatus. The grip has an electrical stimulus generator circuit within it that is electrically connected to the first conductor and the second conductor. The stimulus generator circuit is capable of applying a potential across the conductors so that when the needle is positioned in a patient's tissue and the electrical stimulus generator circuit is activated, the potential is sufficient to induce a preselected current thereby providing a charge pulse between the distal end of the conductive layer and the distal end of said needle cannula through the patient's tissue. The charge pulse is sufficient to induce a twitch response in the patient.
摘要翻译： 本发明的自包含的定位装置包括具有近端，远端和穿过其的中空孔的导电针插管。 本发明还包括具有近端和远端的非导电管，所述管安装在针插管上方，使得非导电管的远端靠近针插管的远端。 非导电管在其上具有导电层，由此针管和导电层分别限定由非导电管彼此同轴间隔开的第一和第二导体。 固定地连接到针插管上的把手用于操纵该装置。 手柄具有电连接到第一导体和第二导体的电刺激发生器电路。 刺激发生器电路能够跨导体施加电位，使得当针定位在患者组织中并且电刺激发生器电路被激活时，电位足以引起预选电流，从而在远端 导电层的端部和所述针插管的远端穿过病人的组织。 充电脉冲足以引起患者的抽搐反应。
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5.发明授权Bi-level charge pulse apparatus to facilitate nerve location during peripheral nerve block procedures 失效双周期充电脉冲装置，以便于周围神经阻滞手术期间的神经位置
公开(公告)号：US5853373A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-29
申请号：US695151
申请日：1996-08-05
申请人： Richard Lee Griffith , Robert J. Strowe , Jonathan C. Newell , Peter M. Edic , Ralph F. Messina , Frederick Charles Houghton
发明人： Richard Lee Griffith , Robert J. Strowe , Jonathan C. Newell , Peter M. Edic , Ralph F. Messina , Frederick Charles Houghton
CPC分类号： A61B5/4893 , A61B5/05 , A61N1/36021 , A61N1/0551 , Y10S977/864 , Y10S977/875
摘要： An electrolocation apparatus is provided for locating a nerve to which anesthesia may be delivered. The apparatus includes a needle assembly having an electrically conductive needle cannula non-conductive tube secured over the needle cannula, and a conductive plating on the tube. The conductors are connected to a stimulator that generates alternating high and low charge pulses with a constant low current level. The high charge pulses generate noticeable muscle twitches immediately after insertion of the needle into the patient. Muscle twitches responsive to the high charge pulses will peak in magnitude, and muscle twitches responsive to the low charge pulses will become observable as the needle approaches the targeted nerve, and will be indistinguishable from the muscle twitches responsive to the high charge pulses when the needle is in a position for administration of anesthetic.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种定位用于定位可以输送麻醉的神经的定位装置。 该装置包括针组件，其具有固定在针插管上的导电针插管非导电管，以及管上的导电电镀。 导体连接到刺激器，该激励器产生具有恒定低电流电平的交替的高电平和低电荷脉冲。 高电荷脉冲在将针插入患者体内后立即产生明显的肌肉抽搐。 响应于高电荷脉冲的肌肉抽搐将达到峰值，并且响应于低电荷脉冲的肌肉抽搐将随着针接近目标神经而变得可观察到，并且当针头响应于高电荷脉冲时，与肌肉抽搐无法区分 处于麻醉剂的施用位置。
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