摘要:
A process for the preparation of a saturated dicarboxylic acid, comprising the steps of (a) contacting a conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and water to obtain a mixture containing an ethylenically unsaturated acid product and one or more reversible adducts of the conjugated diene and the ethylenically unsaturated acid; and (b) reacting the ethylenically unsaturated acid product further with carbon monoxide and water to obtain the dicarboxylic acid, wherein step (a) and (b) are performed in the presence of a catalyst system including a source of palladium, a source of an anion and a bidentate phosphine ligand, and wherein in step (a) the water concentration is maintained at a range of from 0.001 to less than 3% by weight of water, calculated on the overall weight of the liquid reaction medium, and wherein in step (b) the water concentration is maintained at a range of from 3% to 50% by weight of water, calculated on the overall weight of the liquid reaction medium.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of a dicarboxylic acid, comprising the steps of (a) contacting a conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a catalyst system including a source of palladium, a source of an anion and a bidentate phosphine ligand, to obtain a mixture containing an ethylenically unsaturated acid and one or more reversible adduct of the conjugated diene and the ethylenically unsaturated acid; and (b) removing unreacted conjugated diene, and the reversible adducts of the conjugated diene from the reaction mixture; and (c) reacting the mixture obtained in step (b) containing the ethylenically unsaturated acid further with carbon monoxide and water to obtain the dicarboxylic acid.
摘要:
A process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene to a dicarboxylic acid, comprising the steps of (a) contacting a conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a catalyst system including a source of palladium, a source of an anion and a bidentate phosphine ligand, to obtain a mixture comprising an ethylenically unsaturated acid and reversible diene adducts; (b) separating the obtained reaction mixture into a gaseous stream comprising unreacted conjugated diene and carbon monoxide, a first normally liquid stream comprising at least part of the ethylenically unsaturated acid and the reversible diene adducts, and a second normally liquid stream comprising the catalyst system in admixture with the ethylenically unsaturated acid; (c) recycling the second liquid stream obtained in step (b) to step (a); (d) separating the first liquid product stream obtained in step (b) into a stream comprising the ethylenically unsaturated acid and a stream comprising the reversible diene adducts; and (e) contacting the stream comprising the ethylenically unsaturated acid obtained in step (d) with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a second catalyst system including a source of palladium, a source of an anion and a bidentate phosphine ligand.
摘要:
A process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene to an ethylenically unsaturated acid, comprising the steps of (a) contacting a conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and water in the presence of a catalyst system including a source of palladium, a source of an anion and a bidentate phosphine ligand, to obtain a mixture comprising an ethylenically unsaturated acid and a reversible diene adduct comprising alkenyl ester of the conjugated diene with the ethylenically unsaturated acid; (b) separating the obtained reaction mixture into a gaseous stream comprising unreacted conjugated diene and carbon monoxide, a first liquid product stream comprising at least part of the ethylenically unsaturated acid and the reversible diene adducts, and a second liquid stream comprising the catalyst system in admixture with the ethylenically unsaturated acid; (c) separating the first liquid product stream obtained in step (b) into a stream comprising the ethylenically unsaturated acid and a stream comprising the reversible diene adducts; and (d) recycling the stream comprising the reversible diene adducts to step (a), or converting the reversible diene adducts back to the conjugated diene and the ethylenically unsaturated acid and recycling the thus obtained conjugated diene to step (a).
摘要:
A process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene, which involves reacting the conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant having a mobile hydrogen atom in the presence of a catalyst system including: (a) a source of palladium; and (b) a bidentate diphosphine ligand of formula II, R1R2>P1—R3m—R—R4n—P2
摘要:
A process for converting an olefin having x carbon atoms into an olefin having x+1 carbon atoms wherein the process comprises the steps of: (i) reacting an olefin having x carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst to produce an alcohol having x+1 carbon atoms, and (ii) dehydrating the alcohol produced in step (i) in the presence of a dehydration catalyst to produce an olefin having x+1 carbon atoms characterized in that the hydroformylation catalyst used in step (i) is based on: (a) a source of cobalt, and (b) a ligand which contains phosphorus and nitrogen.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the carbonylation of acetylenically unsaturated compounds, whereby a feedstock comprising an acetylenically unsaturated compound and a relatively minor amount of an 1,2-alkadiene compound is contacted under carbonylation conditions with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant, in the presence of a catalyst system, based on: a) a source of cations of one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table; b) a phosphine having an aromatic substituent which contains an imino nitrogen atom separated by at least one bridging carbon atom from the phosphorus atom, and c) a protic acid, characterized in that the catalyst system is further based on d) a monodentate monophosphine or monophosphite.
摘要:
Process for the carbonylation of a conjugated diene by reacting the conjugated diene with carbon monoxide and an hydroxyl group containing compound in the presence of a catalyst system based on: (a) a source of palladium cations, (b) a diphosphine ligand, and (c) a source of anions, wherein the diphosphine ligand is a ligand having the general formula I wherein x1 and x2 represent a cyclic group with at least 5 ring atoms, of which one is a phosphorus atom, and R represents a bivalent aliphatic bridging group, connecting both phosphorus atoms, containing from 2 to 4 atoms in the bridge, which is substituted with at least one substituent or R represents a phenyl group with both phosphorus groups bound to the 1,2-position.
摘要:
The invention relates to a novel carbonylation catalyst system and a process for the carbonylation of acetylenically unsaturated compounds, whereby a feedstock, comprising an acetylenically unsaturated compound and a relatively minor amount of an 1,2-alkadiene compound, is contacted under carbonylation conditions with carbon monoxide and a hydroxylated co-reactant in the presence of the novel carbonylation catalyst system that is based on: a) a source of cations of one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table; b) a phosphine of the general formulae PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 M--R--PR.sup.3 R.sup.3, or R.sup.2 R.sup.3 M--R--PR.sup.1 R.sup.3, wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or non-substituted 6-membered heteroaryl group having at least one imino nitrogen atom next to the carbon atom that is attached to the phosphorus atom; R.sup.2 represents a halogenated aryl group; R.sup.3 or each of the R.sup.3 's represents a substituted or non-substituted (hetero)hydrocarbyl group, M is an element of Group Va, preferably a nitrogen or phosphorus atom, R represents a bridging (substituted) hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the bridge; and c) a source of protons.
摘要:
A process for the hydrocarboxylation of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, by reacting it with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant selected from the group of water and carboxylic acids in the presence of a catalyst system including: (a) a source of palladium; (b) a bidentate diphosphine of formula (I), R1R2>P—R3—R—R4—P
摘要翻译:在催化剂体系存在下,通过使其与一氧化碳和选自水和羧酸的共反应物反应,使烯属不饱和羧酸的氢化羧化的方法包括:(a)钯源; (b)式(I)的二齿二膦,R 1,R 2,R 2,R 3,R 4, (I)其中P表示磷原子;其中P表示磷原子; R 1,R 2,R 5和R 6独立地表示相同或不同的任选取代的含有 基团与磷原子连接的叔碳原子; R 3和R 4独立地表示任选取代的亚烷基,R表示任选取代的芳族基团; (c)在18℃下在水溶液中测得的源自pKa小于3的酸的阴离子源。