公开(公告)号：US4384434A

公开(公告)日：1983-05-24

申请号：US306828

申请日：1981-09-29

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: B24C5/00 ,  B24C7/00

CPC classification number: B24C5/00

Abstract: In one form, a cylindrical shell extends from an annular burner body to form an elongated combustion chamber, which chamber bears a cylindrical heat radiator element concentric with and spaced radially inward of the shell. A tube coupled to the opposite end of the annular burner body delivers compressed air born abrasive particles to a reduced diameter inlet passage within the burner body. The burner body bears a tubular, slotted sand separator which permits air free of sand to pass along the rear side of the heat radiator for re-entry through radial holes within the heat raditor downstream of the burner body for combustion stabilization. In another form, the combustion chamber is at right angles to the flow passage including the tubular, slotted sand separator and the discharge nozzle. The products of combustion from the combustion chamber at high temperature and velocity, aspirate the abrasive flow through the discharge nozzle.

Abstract translation: 在一种形式中，圆柱形壳体从环形燃烧器主体延伸以形成细长的燃烧室，该室具有与壳体同心并且径向向内延伸的圆柱形散热器元件。 耦合到环形燃烧器主体的相对端的管将压缩空气传播的磨料颗粒输送到燃烧器本体内的减小直径的入口通道。 燃烧器体带有一个管状的开槽砂分离器，其允许没有沙子的空气沿着散热器的后侧通过，以通过燃烧器主体下游的热源的径向孔再次进入，用于燃烧稳定。 在另一种形式中，燃烧室与包括管状，开槽砂分离器和排放喷嘴的流动通道成直角。 来自燃烧室的高温和高速燃烧产物通过喷嘴吸出磨料流。

公开(公告)号：US4372732A

公开(公告)日：1983-02-08

申请号：US221108

申请日：1980-12-29

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: F03D7/02 ,  F03D7/04

CPC classification number: F03D7/0212 ,  Y02E10/723

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for controlling the maximum power of a hydraulic windmill which is achieved by utilizing the overpressure created in a closed loop hydraulic energy conversion system to rotate the tail of the windmill away from its operating plane to reduce the power transmitted from the wind to the blades of the windmill. A mechanical braking mechanism may be applied to the windmill blade driven rotatable shaft upon a sensed overpressure in the hydraulic fluid which acts through a differential between the hydraulic overpressure and a preset pressure to effect closure of the brake.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于控制液压风车的最大功率的方法和装置，其通过利用在闭环液压能量转换系统中产生的过压来使风车的尾部远离其操作平面旋转，从而减小从 风向风车的叶片。 机械制动机构可以在液压流体中感测到的超压力被施加到风车叶片驱动的可旋转轴上，液压流体通过液压超压和预设压力之间的差速器作用，以实现制动器的闭合。

公开(公告)号：US4343605A

公开(公告)日：1982-08-10

申请号：US152963

申请日：1980-05-23

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: F23C1/00 ,  F23C3/00 ,  F23C5/00 ,  F23M3/02

CPC classification number: F23C3/00 ,  F23C1/00

Abstract: An elongated casing forming a combustion chamber and bearing a venturi type jet nozzle at one end and a fuel and compressed air supply at its opposite end, bears one or more radial passages opening to the venturi to permit a secondary fuel to feed into the flame exiting from the burner for reaction with free oxygen which is unburned from the primary fuel and air mixture entering the combustion chamber at said opposite end of the apparatus. The secondary fuel may be acetylene, methyl-acetylene and its compounds with hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 形成燃烧室并且在一端具有文丘里型喷嘴并且在其相对端处具有燃料和压缩空气供应的细长壳体具有通向文丘里管的一个或多个径向通道，以允许二次燃料进入熄火的火焰 来自燃烧器以与在设备的相对端处进入燃烧室的主要燃料和空气混合物未燃烧的游离氧反应。 二次燃料可以是乙炔，甲基 - 乙炔及其与氢的化合物。

公开(公告)号：US08827176B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13652817

申请日：2012-10-16

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: F02D1/06

CPC classification number: F23D14/62 ,  F23D14/42 ,  F23D14/52 ,  F23D14/78 ,  Y02E20/366

Abstract: HVOF torches introduce fuel and oxidizer reactants into a central passage so as to form a concentric stream having an axial stream of oxidizer surrounded by an annular stream of fuel that is positioned against a sidewall that bounds the central passage. The fuel can be introduced so as to swirl about the axial stream of oxidizer. The torch can be formed by a body having the central passage therethrough and an insert residing in the central passage and having an oxidizer passage therethrough. A portion of the insert can have a reduced cross section so as to form an annular fuel chamber, from which the flow of fuel into a passage first section is restricted so as to distribute the fuel against the sidewall. The torch can be provided with a cooling jacket to prevent damage to the body.

Abstract translation: HVOF火炬将燃料和氧化剂反应物引入中心通道，以便形成同心流，其具有由环形的燃料流包围的氧化剂的轴流，所述环形气流被定位成抵靠限定中心通道的侧壁。 可以引入燃料以围绕氧化剂的轴向流动。 手电筒可以由具有中心通道的主体和位于中心通道中并具有通过其的氧化剂通道的插入件形成。 插入件的一部分可以具有减小的横截面，以便形成环形燃料室，燃料流入通道第一部分的流动被限制，从而将燃料分配在侧壁上。 手电筒可设有冷却套，以防止身体受到损伤。

公开(公告)号：US5384164A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-24

申请号：US988287

申请日：1992-12-09

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: B05B7/20 ,  C23C4/12 ,  B05D1/08

CPC classification number: C23C4/129 ,  B05B7/203

Abstract: A plasma jet or a supersonic flame jet emanating from an internal burner combusting compressed air and fuel is applied to a solid rod coaxially within the flame or plasma jet to heat, atomize and project a spray of initially liquid droplets of the rod material separating from the tip of the rod in the direction of a workpiece for impact against a workpiece surface for solidification to form a coating thereon. The process involves the control of the transit of the initially liquid droplets from the tip of the rod over the path of travel to the surface of the workpiece to ensure that at the moment of impact against the surface of the workpiece the rod material particles are least partially solid. The stand-off distance may be set to ensure that the initially liquid droplets pass through an upstream liquid region and a contiguous downstream transit region to effect the partial solidification of the molten liquid droplets prior to impact. The control of the transit of the initially liquid droplets may be effected by adding a liquid or gas coolant into the jet stream to cool both the jet stream gases and the initially liquid droplets downstream of the point where the liquid droplets separate from the tip of the rod.

Abstract translation: 燃烧压缩空气和燃料的内部燃烧器发出的等离子体射流或超音速火焰喷射器在火焰或等离子体射流内同轴地施加到实心棒上，以加热，雾化和投射棒材料的初始液滴的喷雾， 杆的尖端在工件的方向上冲击工件表面以固化以在其上形成涂层。 该过程涉及控制最初的液滴从杆的尖端到行进路径到工件的表面的转移，以确保在冲击工件表面的时刻，杆材料颗粒是最小的 部分固体。 间隔距离可以设定为确保初始液滴通过上游液体区域和连续的下游转运区域，以在冲击之前实现熔融液滴的部分固化。 可以通过向喷射流中加入液体或气体冷却剂来冷却初始液滴的转运的控制，以将喷射流气体和初始液滴从液滴从其尖端分离的点下游 竿。

公开(公告)号：US5330798A

公开(公告)日：1994-07-19

申请号：US987818

申请日：1992-12-09

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: B05B7/20 ,  C23C4/12 ,  B05D1/10

CPC classification number: B05B7/205 ,  C23C4/129

Abstract: An internal burner combusting an oxy-fuel or air-fuel mixture, or a plasma heat source providing a supersonic flame jet which when expanded to atmospheric or lower pressure is characterized by a static temperature well above the melting point of a material in particle form being sprayed by the flame jet and the step of reducing the flame jet temperature after reaching supersonic velocity to a temperature below the melting point of the material prior to feeding of the material particles into the flame jet. The jet temperature reduction may be effected by injecting directly into the flame jet stream an amount of liquid or gas fluid which will reduce the flame jet temperature by the required amount. Alternatively, the supersonic flame jet may be passed through a concentric heat exchanger bearing a coolant medium such as water to absorb the necessary amount of heat from the flame jet to reduce the flame jet temperature to below the melting point of the material.

Abstract translation: 燃烧氧燃料或空气燃料混合物的内部燃烧器或提供超音速火焰喷射的等离子体热源，其在膨胀至大气压或低压时的特征在于远远高于颗粒形式的材料的熔点的静态温度 通过火焰喷射喷雾，并且在将材料颗粒进料到火焰喷射之前，在达到超音速之后将火焰喷射温度降低到低于材料熔点的温度的步骤。 喷射温度降低可以通过将火焰喷射温度降低所需量的液体或气体流体直接喷射到火焰喷射流中来实现。 或者，超音速火焰喷射可以通过轴承有诸如水的冷却剂介质的同心热交换器，以从火焰喷射中吸收必要量的热量，以将火焰喷射温度降低到材料的熔点以下。

公开(公告)号：US4916273A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-10

申请号：US330512

申请日：1989-03-30

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: B05B7/22 ,  C23C4/12 ,  H05H1/34

CPC classification number: H05H1/3405 ,  B05B7/224 ,  B05B7/226 ,  C23C4/134 ,  H05H2001/3468

Abstract: A surface discontinuity is formed along an anode nozzle bore sufficiently upstream of a nozzle exit orifice and of a sufficient size to cause an arc between an electrically conductive end wall of a plamsa-arc torch anode nozzle passage and a coaxial cathode coaxially mounted by an opposite end wall of the torch cylindrical casing having a gas under pressure and at an established vortex flow to pass through the nozzle passage. A boundary layer of the vortex flow of gas along the anode bore wall provides a path for the arc to pass directly to the anode nozzle passage at or just downstream of the disturbance zone provided by the nozzle passage wall surface discontinuity. A counterbore may extend along a portion of the nozzle axis from the nozzle exit axially inwardly to form a radial shoulder with the main bore of the anode nozzle and define the discontinuity. Alternatively, a shallow annular groove may be machined into the anode nozzle bore, or an annular ring may project radially inwardly of the nozzle passage bore to constitute such alternative surface discontinuity. Material may be sprayed into a high velocity hot gas stream downstream of the arc column and its downstream ionized region to eliminate excessive heating of the particles sprayed by the torch. A reduced diameter nozzle bore section may be provided between the terminus of the arc column and/or its associated downstream ionized region and the point of the introduction of the material to be sprayed, with the reduced diameter nozzle bore forming a nozzle throat of an expansion nozzle producing a supersonic jet stream at the nozzle exit.

Abstract translation: 沿着阳极喷嘴孔形成表面不连续部分，其在喷嘴出口孔的足够上游并具有足够的尺寸，以在电弧焊炬阳极喷嘴通道的导电端壁与同轴安装的同轴阴极之间产生电弧 手柄圆柱形壳体的端壁具有在压力下和处于确定的涡流的气体以通过喷嘴通道。 气体沿着阳极孔壁的涡流的边界层提供了一个通路，使得电弧在由喷嘴通道壁表面不连续性提供的扰动区域处或其下游直接传递到阳极喷嘴通道。 沉孔可以沿着喷嘴轴线的一部分从喷嘴出口轴向向内延伸以形成具有阳极喷嘴的主孔的径向肩部并且限定不连续性。 或者，浅的环形槽可以被加工到阳极喷嘴孔中，或者环形环可以沿喷嘴通道孔的径向内侧突出以构成这种替代的表面不连续性。 材料可以喷射到弧形塔及其下游电离区域下游的高速热气流中，以消除由割炬喷射的颗粒的过度加热。 减小直径的喷嘴孔部分可以设置在弧柱的端部和/或其相关联的下游电离区域和引入待喷射材料的点之间，直径减小的喷嘴孔形成膨胀的喷嘴喉部 喷嘴在喷嘴出口处产生超音速喷射流。

公开(公告)号：US4634611A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-06

申请号：US739721

申请日：1985-05-31

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: B05B7/16 ,  B05B7/20 ,  C23C4/12

CPC classification number: B05B7/205 ,  C23C4/129

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of, and apparatus for, flame spraying particulate material utilizing the thermal energy of a very hot gaseous primary stream produced in an oxy-fuel combustion chamber combined with kinetic energy from a surrounding annular sheath of warm high velocity secondary air.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种使用在氧燃料燃烧室中产生的非常热的气态初级流的热能与火焰喷射颗粒材料的方法和装置，其结合来自温暖高速次级空气的周围环形护套的动能。

公开(公告)号：US07628606B1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-08

申请号：US12146538

申请日：2008-06-26

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: F23N1/02

CPC classification number: F23D14/52 ,  F23C2900/07022 ,  F23D14/04 ,  F23D14/64 ,  F23D2900/00018 ,  F23D2900/14241 ,  F23D2900/14701

Abstract: The present method and apparatus for producing a supersonic jet stream introduce an oxidizer in such a manner as to create a vortex, which is then restricted. Fuel is introduced into a reduced pressure eye of the vortex, forming a stratified composite stream of gases with unmixed oxidizer surrounding an inner mixture of fuel and oxidizer. This stratified composite stream is passed down a tube that exhausts to a low pressure environment. The combined fuel and oxidizer in the stratified stream is ignited to provide a high-velocity stream of combustion products. The outer layer of unmixed oxidizer in the vortex shields the tube and reduces or eliminates the need for additional cooling.

Abstract translation: 用于制造超音速喷射流的本方法和装置以产生涡流的方式引入氧化剂，从而限制旋涡。 将燃料引入涡流的减压眼中，形成分层的复合气体流，其中包含燃料和氧化剂的内部混合物的未混合的氧化剂。 这种分层的复合物流被排放到低压环境的管中。 点燃分层流中的组合燃料和氧化剂以提供高速燃烧产物流。 涡流中的未混合氧化剂的外层屏蔽管，减少或消除了额外冷却的需要。

公开(公告)号：US4841114A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-20

申请号：US193702

申请日：1988-05-13

Applicant: James A. Browning

Inventor： James A. Browning

IPC: H05H1/42 ,  B05B7/22 ,  C23C4/12 ,  H05H1/32 ,  H05H1/34

CPC classification number: B05B7/224 ,  B05B7/222 ,  B05B7/226 ,  C23C4/134 ,  H05H1/32 ,  H05H1/3405 ,  H05H2001/3468

Abstract: A surface discontinuity is formed along an anode nozzle bore sufficiently upstream of a nozzle exit orifice and of a sufficient size to cause an arc between an electrically conductive end wall of a plasma-arc torch anode nozzle passage and a coaxial cathode coaxially mounted by an opposite end wall of the torch cylindrical casing having a gas under pressure and at an established vortex flow to pass through the nozzle passage. A boundary layer of the vortex flow of gas along the anode bore wall provides a path for the arc to pass directly to the anode nozzle passage at or just downstream of the disturbance zone provided by the nozzle passage wall surface discontinuity. A counterbore may extend along a portion of the nozzle axis from the nozzle exit axially inwardly to form a radial shoulder with the main bore of the anode nozzle and define the discontinuity. Alternatively, a shallow annular groove may be machined into the anode nozzle bore, or an annular ring may project radially inwardly of the nozzle passage bore to constitute such alternative surface discontinuity. Material may be sprayed into a high velocity hot gas stream downstream of the arc column and its downstream ionized region to eliminate excessive heating of the particles sprayed by the torch. A reduced diameter nozzle bore section may be provided between the terminus of the arc column and/or its associated downstream ionized region and the point of the introduction of the material to be sprayed, with the reduced diameter nozzle bore forming a nozzle throat of an expansion nozzle producing a supersonic jet stream at the nozzle exit.

Abstract translation: 沿着喷嘴出口孔的足够上游的阳极喷嘴孔形成表面不连续部分，并且具有足够的尺寸以在等离子体电弧炬阳极喷嘴通道的导电端壁与同轴安装的同轴阴极之间产生电弧 手柄圆柱形壳体的端壁具有在压力下和处于确定的涡流的气体以通过喷嘴通道。 气体沿着阳极孔壁的涡流的边界层提供了一个通路，使得电弧在由喷嘴通道壁表面不连续性提供的扰动区域处或其下游直接传递到阳极喷嘴通道。 沉孔可以沿着喷嘴轴线的一部分从喷嘴出口轴向向内延伸以形成具有阳极喷嘴的主孔的径向肩部并且限定不连续性。 或者，浅的环形槽可以被加工到阳极喷嘴孔中，或者环形环可以沿喷嘴通道孔的径向内侧突出以构成这种替代的表面不连续性。 材料可以喷射到弧形塔及其下游电离区域下游的高速热气流中，以消除由割炬喷射的颗粒的过度加热。 减小直径的喷嘴孔部分可以设置在弧柱的端部和/或其相关联的下游电离区域和引入待喷射材料的点之间，直径减小的喷嘴孔形成膨胀的喷嘴喉部 喷嘴在喷嘴出口处产生超音速喷射流。