公开(公告)号：US4530702A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-23

申请号：US353570

申请日：1982-03-01

Applicant: Wayne A. Fetters ,  Donald E. Chittick

Inventor： Wayne A. Fetters ,  Donald E. Chittick

IPC: C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/14

CPC classification number: C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/02 ,  C10J3/30 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1609 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892

Abstract: The apparatus includes a reaction chamber which in operation uses an organic fuel input, typically in the form of substantially uniform-sized pellets, to produce a tar-free fuel gas. Prior to initiating operation, the lower end of the reaction chamber is filled with a charge of charcoal, forming a charcoal bed. A portion of the charcoal bed is then ignited, typically near the top, with air from the atmosphere being drawn substantially uniformly down through the reaction chamber by a pump on the outlet line leading from the reaction chamber, creating a thin pyrolysis zone near the top of the charcoal bed. The substantially uniform-size fuel pellets are added to the top of the charcoal bed, and are pyrolized as they move down through the pyrolysis zone. Since the fuel pellets are substantially uniform in size, and since the air-flow down through the chamber is substantially uniform, the temperature profile over the cross-sectional area of the pyrolysis zone is substantially uniform, and a homogeneous pyrolysis zone is created, without hot spots or channels. Such an arrangement results in self-regulating, self-sustaining operation over a relatively wide demand range, with rapid start-up and response characteristics. Air may also be directed into the reaction chamber through an inlet beneath the charcoal bed, which results in the reaction of the devolatilized charcoal to form additional fuel and an ash residue. Thus, the production and consumption of the charcoal within the apparatus may be exactly balanced.

Abstract translation: 该装置包括反应室，其在运行中使用通常为基本均匀粒径的颗粒形式的有机燃料输入，以产生无焦油的燃料气体。 在开始操作之前，反应室的下端填充有活性炭，形成木炭床。 然后通常靠近顶部点燃一部分炭床，通过在从反应室引出的出口管上的泵将来自大气的空气基本上均匀地抽吸通过反应室，从而产生薄的热解区 的木炭床。 将基本均匀的燃料颗粒加入到活性炭床的顶部，并且当它们向下移动通过热解区时进行热解。 由于燃料颗粒的尺寸基本上是均匀的，并且由于通过室的气流基本上是均匀的，所以在热解区的横截面积上的温度分布基本上是均匀的，并且产生均匀的热解区，没有 热点或渠道。 这种安排导致在相对较宽的需求范围内的自我调节，自我维持操作，具有快速的启动和响应特性。 空气还可以通过木炭床下方的入口引入反应室，这导致脱挥发分的炭的反应形成额外的燃料和灰渣。 因此，设备内的木炭的生产和消耗可以是完全平衡的。

公开(公告)号：US4584947A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-29

申请号：US749990

申请日：1985-07-01

Applicant: Donald E. Chittick

Inventor： Donald E. Chittick

IPC: C10B1/04 ,  C10B57/18 ,  C10J3/26 ,  F23G5/12

CPC classification number: C10B57/18 ,  C10B1/04 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/36 ,  C10J3/80 ,  C10J2200/06 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/1861 ,  C10J2300/1884

Abstract: Novel designs of two types of down draft pyrolysis reactors are disclosed. One is a solid fuel reactor including a novel arrangement of down draft air inlet entrances, air distribution means, a consumable/replenishable catalytic bed, a heat exchanger for preheating inlet gas with the sensible heat of the exiting gas, and an infrared radiation trap below the reactor's screen grate. The other is an off gas pyrolysis reactor which includes a down draft reaction chamber with a fixed catalytic bed, a similar heat exchanger arrangement, an infrared radiation shield, an infrared radiation trap outside the gas outlet of the reaction chamber, and a unique relationship between the infrared radiation shield and the surface of the fixed catalytic bed.

Abstract translation: 公开了两种类型的下拉式热解反应堆的新颖设计。 一种是固体燃料反应器，包括下拉式进气入口，空气分配装置，可消耗/可补充的催化床，用于预热入口气体与出口气体的显热的热交换器的新颖布置，以及下面的红外辐射阱 反应堆的筛网格栅。 另一种是废气热解反应器，其包括具有固定催化床的下进气反应室，类似的热交换器装置，红外辐射屏蔽，反应室的气体出口外部的红外辐射阱，以及在反应室的气体出口外部的独特关系 红外辐射屏蔽和固定催化床的表面。

公开(公告)号：US4421524A

公开(公告)日：1983-12-20

申请号：US345787

申请日：1982-02-04

Applicant: Donald E. Chittick

Inventor： Donald E. Chittick

IPC: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/10 ,  C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y02E50/14

Abstract: In the method, organic, i.e. carbon-containing, material, such as straw, wood chips, sawdust, or dead bacterial waste from a sewage treatment plant, is heated in a pyrolytic reactor, thereby driving off volatiles from the organic material, including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, water vapor, and tars, while leaving charcoal (char) behind. The volatiles are then passed over a base material, such as hot char, which is at a temperature substantially above the pyrolizing temperature, e.g. 950.degree. C. and above, which causes a chemical reaction of the tars and volatiles, resulting in an output of a gaseous mixture consisting largely of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, characterized by an absence of tars. The apparatus includes a pyrolytic reactor in which an initial charge of charcoal is located. An inlet is provided for introduction of the organic material and an exit is provided for the resulting gases and ash products. The reactor is arranged to permit a continous flow of organic material volatiles, and char through the reactor, resulting in continual replenishment of organic material in the pyrolizing portion of the reactor, and replenishment of the charcoal bed portion by the char produced from the parolysis reaction. The reactor vessel is heated to the correct temperatures by means such as electric heating coils or hot air/flame jackets.

Abstract translation: 在该方法中，在热解反应器中加热来自污水处理厂的有机物质，例如秸秆，木屑，锯屑或死细菌废物，从而驱除来自有机材料的挥发物，包括氢 和一氧化碳气体，水蒸汽和焦油，同时留下木炭（炭）。 然后将挥发物通过基础材料，例如热焦炭，其温度基本上高于热解温度，例如温度。 950℃以上，这引起焦油和挥发物的化学反应，导致主要由一氧化碳和氢气组成的气体混合物的产出，其特征在于没有焦油。 该装置包括热解反应器，其中定位有木炭的初始装料。 提供用于引入有机材料的入口，并为所得到的气体和灰分产品提供出口。 反应器布置成允许有机材料挥发物和焦炭连续流过反应器，导致在反应器的热解部分中持续补充有机材料，并通过由分解反应产生的焦炭补充炭床部分 。 通过诸如电加热线圈或热空气/火焰夹克的方式将反应器容器加热到正确的温度。

公开(公告)号：US4268275A

公开(公告)日：1981-05-19

申请号：US18118

申请日：1979-03-07

Applicant: Donald E. Chittick

Inventor： Donald E. Chittick

IPC: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/00

CPC classification number: C10B53/02 ,  C10J3/10 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/58 ,  C10J3/64 ,  C10J3/74 ,  C10J3/76 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1869 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y02E50/14

Abstract: The apparatus includes a pyrolytic reactor in which an initial charge of charcoal is located. An inlet is provided for introduction of the organic material and an exit is provided for the resulting gases and ash products. The reactor is arranged to permit a continuous flow of organic material volatiles, and char through the reactor, resulting in continual replenishment of organic material in the pyrolizing portion of the reactor, and replenishment of the charcoal bed portion by the char produced from the pyrolysis reaction. The reactor vessel is heated to the correct temperatures by means such as electric heating coils or hot air/flame jackets.

Abstract translation: 该装置包括热解反应器，其中定位有木炭的初始装料。 提供用于引入有机材料的入口，并为所得到的气体和灰分产品提供出口。 反应器布置成允许有机材料挥发物和焦炭连续流过反应器，导致在反应器的热解部分中持续补充有机材料，并且由热解反应产生的焦炭补充炭床部分 。 通过诸如电加热线圈或热空气/火焰夹克的方式将反应器容器加热到正确的温度。