摘要:
A viscometer having a fluid volume-displacer or driver, such as a speaker membrane, and a pressure sensor or detector, such as a microphone membrane, forming the inside surfaces of a cavity that is sealed from the ambient environment of the viscometer except for a controlled leak such as a capillary tube. An electrical signal from the sensor or detector is processed to indicate viscosity of the fluid in the cavity. Additionally determined from the viscosity are heating value, oxygen demand and other thermophysical properties of the fluid. Also, absolute pressure is derived after viscosity is determined.
摘要:
Apparatus for measuring the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid, includes a tubular housing which defines an internal cavity; a fluid restriction structure disposed in a first portion of the cavity; and a pressure measuring device disposed to measure the differential pressure in the cavity of the fluid which has flowed through the fluid restriction structure. The apparatus further includes a device for applying pressure to the fluid upstream from the fluid restriction structure to cause the fluid to flow through the fluid restriction structure so that the pressure measuring device measures the pressure differential which is inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity squared.
摘要:
The present invention provides a system and method of quantifying flow, detecting a location of an obstruction and quantifying a degree of the obstruction in a pipe characterized in pulsatile flow. The method includes the steps of (a) attaching at least two spaced pressure sensors onto inner walls of the pipe; (b) using the at least two spaced pressure sensors for recording pressure records associated with each of the at least two pressure sensors within the pipe; and (c) using the pressure records for quantifying the pulsatile flow in the pipe, for detecting the location of the obstruction in the pipe and for quantifying the degree of the obstruction in the pipe.
摘要:
In an apparatus for measuring the viscosity of plastic materials including a heatable housing structure, enclosing a controllable material pump for generating a certain material flow, a plurality of capillaries, a melt distributor is provided in the supply line of the material from the material pump to the capillaries with which the material can be directed to either of the plurality of capillaries and each capillary is provided with a pressure and a material temperature sensor providing the values needed for determining the viscosity of the material.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the oil grade of an actuating fluid in a fuel system. The method includes the steps of determining an actuating fluid temperature, a pump speed, and a peak pressure or a timing event of the actuating fluid, and responsively determining the oil grade of the actuating fluid.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the viscosity range and/or oil grade of an actuating fluid in a fuel system. The method includes the steps of determining a flow, pressure, and temperature of the actuating fluid, and responsively determining the viscosity range and/or oil grade of the actuating fluid.
摘要:
In a method for continuous or discontinuous measurement of shear and strain viscosities of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids, in particular structurally viscous liquids such as polymer melts and solutions and elastomers as well as other structural liquids, the liquid is passed through a first capillary or capillary configuration and through a second capillary connected in series therewith, wherein the liquid in the first capillary or capillary configuration shears only within a defined shear velocity range and the shear viscosity is determined, and, subsequently, the liquid in the second capillary having the same or somewhat smaller shear velocity range, shears and is additionally subjected to a strain-flow so that its flow-through resistance comprises shear as well as strain resistances. The flow-through resistance is determined by pressure measurements and, in order to separate out the strain viscosity, the pressure fraction of the shear flow resistance is extracted through subtraction of the portion of the pressure difference corresponding to this shear flow resistance using the measurements in the first capillary or capillary configuration.
摘要:
A apparatus for studying the effects of steady and transient flow fields on a sample. The apparatus includes: (a) a flow chamber through which a sample can flow comprising a port arranged to accommodate an analytical probe for measuring the properties of the sample as it moves through the flow chamber; (b) a temperature-controlled thermal reservoir that houses the flow chamber; (c) a sample reservoir comprising a chamber in communication with the flow chamber; (d) a displacement piston arranged to apply pressure, upon activation, to a sample residing in the chamber of the sample reservoir to force the sample into the flow chamber; and (e) an actuator arranged to apply pressure to the displacement piston to activate the displacement piston.
摘要:
On-line rheological measurements are made on a process flowing material, such as a polymer melt, utilizing a rheometer of the type in which an inlet pump delivers a relatively large volumetric flow of diverted process material from a process main stream to an inlet site located in very close proximity to the entrance of a capillary passage, and a metering pump draws a smaller portion of the volumetric flow of the diverted material from the inlet site through the capillary passage for return to the process main stream. The viscosity of the diverted material is measured as a function of the rate of flow of the material through the capillary passage and the pressure drop between spaced apart locations along the capillary passage. A parallel flow passage has a volumetric flow capacity considerably greater than the volumetric flow capacity of the capillary passage, an inlet placed at the inlet site, in very close proximity with the entrance of the capillary passage, and an outlet placed downstream of the metering pump. A parallel flow pump in the parallel flow passage moves the balance of the volumetric flow of diverted material from the inlet site for return to the process main stream to assure a continuous supply of fresh diverted material at the entrance to the capillary passage.