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公开(公告)号：US20130230786A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-05
申请号：US13869384
申请日：2013-04-24
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： Coolant velocity greater than zero everywhere within the coolant channels (78, 85) of fuel cells (38) in a fuel cell stack (37) is assured by providing a flow of biphase fluid in the coolant channels, the flow being created by the outflow of a condenser (59). Positive pressure is applied to the coolant inlet (66) of the coolant channels. Biphase flow from an oxidant exhaust condenser, which may be a vehicle radiator (120), renders the coolant return flow more freeze tolerant. Using biphase flow within the coolant channels eliminates the need for a bubble-clearing liquid pump and reduces liquid inventory and other plumbing; this makes the fuel cell power plant more freeze tolerant.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池堆（37）中的燃料电池（38）的冷却剂通道（78,85）内的任何地方的冷却剂速度大于零，通过在冷却剂通道中提供双相流体的流动来确保，流动由流出 的冷凝器（59）。 正压力被施加到冷却剂通道的冷却剂入口（66）。 来自可以是车辆散热器（120）的氧化剂排气冷凝器的双相流动使得冷却剂返回流更具有耐冻性。 在冷却液通道内使用双相流动消除了清洗液体泵的需要，并减少了液体库存和其他管道的浪费; 这使得燃料电池发电厂更具有耐冻性。
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公开(公告)号：US20130081394A1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-04
申请号：US13248395
申请日：2011-09-29
申请人： Michael L. Perry
发明人： Michael L. Perry
CPC分类号： F03G6/067 , F01K7/22 , F03G6/005 , F22B1/006 , F22B1/028 , F28D20/00 , F28D2020/0047 , H02J3/383 , Y02E10/46 , Y02E10/563 , Y02E60/142 , Y02E70/30
摘要： A solar power system includes a solar energy collector that has at least one solar receiver that is operable to carry a working fluid and at least one solar reflector that is operable to direct solar energy towards the at least one solar receiver to heat the working fluid. The working fluid has a maximum predefined operational temperature up to which it can be heated. A first storage unit is connected to receive the working fluid from the at least one solar receiver, and a second storage unit is connected to provide the working fluid to the at least one solar receiver. A power block generates electricity using heat from the heated working fluid. A heater is operable to heat the working fluid to approximately the maximum predefined operational temperature.
摘要翻译： 太阳能发电系统包括太阳能收集器，该太阳能收集器具有至少一个太阳能接收器，其可操作以承载工作流体和至少一个太阳能反射器，所述至少一个太阳能反射器可操作以将太阳能引导至至少一个太阳能接收器以加热工作流体。 工作流体具有最大预定义的工作温度，直到该工作温度可以被加热。 第一存储单元被连接以从至少一个太阳能接收器接收工作流体，并且第二存储单元被连接以将工作流体提供给至少一个太阳能接收器。 功率块使用来自加热的工作流体的热量发电。 加热器可操作以将工作流体加热到大约最大预定义的操作温度。
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公开(公告)号：US08240760B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-14
申请号：US12489065
申请日：2009-06-22
CPC分类号： A47C15/006 , A47C1/026 , A47C1/027
摘要： A buoyant pool chair supports a swimmer in an upright, semi-reclining or sitting position while the chair is floating in a swimming pool. Interconnected rigid frame members collectively form an open chair frame for supporting buoyant cushions. The buoyant cushions include layers of flexible cushion material secured together in overlapping relation, with the frame members being sandwiched between the overlapping layers. A layer of adhesive material bonds the overlapping cushion layers together and forms a water-tight seal around the frame members. A flexible layer of a water-resistant coating material is bonded to external surface portions of the buoyant cushions to provide a further protective layer and water-tight seal.
摘要翻译： 一个漂浮的游泳椅支持一个直立，半躺或坐姿的游泳者，而椅子则漂浮在游泳池中。 互连的刚性框架构件共同形成用于支撑浮力垫的敞开的椅子框架。 浮力垫子包括以重叠关系固定在一起的柔性缓冲材料层，框架构件夹在重叠层之间。 一层粘合材料将重叠的缓冲层粘合在一起，并在框架构件周围形成防水密封。 防水涂料的柔性层与浮力垫的外表面部分结合，提供另外的保护层和防水密封。
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公开(公告)号：US07887966B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US12002815
申请日：2007-12-19
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
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公开(公告)号：US20110003222A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-06
申请号：US12880493
申请日：2010-09-13
申请人： Paul R. Margiott , Francis R. Preli, JR. , Galen W. Kulp , Michael L. Perry , Carl A. Reiser , Ryan J. Balliet
发明人： Paul R. Margiott , Francis R. Preli, JR. , Galen W. Kulp , Michael L. Perry , Carl A. Reiser , Ryan J. Balliet
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04302 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： The invention is a hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant (10). An anode flow path (24) is in fluid communication with an anode catalyst (14) for directing hydrogen fuel to flow adjacent to the anode catalyst (14), and a cathode flow path (38) is in fluid communication with a cathode catalyst (16) for directing an oxidant to flow adjacent to the cathode catalyst (16) of a fuel cell (12). Hydrogen fuel is permitted to transfer between the anode flow path (24) and the cathode flow path (38). A hydrogen reservoir (66) is secured in fluid communication with the anode flow path (24) for receiving and storing hydrogen during fuel cell (12) operation, and for releasing the hydrogen into the fuel cell (12) whenever the fuel cell (12) is shut down.
摘要翻译： 本发明是用于燃料电池发电厂（10）的氢钝化关闭系统。 阳极流动路径（24）与阳极催化剂（14）流体连通，用于引导氢燃料相邻于阳极催化剂（14）流动，并且阴极流动路径（38）与阴极催化剂 16），用于引导氧化剂流过邻近燃料电池（12）的阴极催化剂（16）。 允许氢燃料在阳极流路（24）和阴极流路（38）之间传递。 储氢器（66）被固定成与阳极流动路径（24）流体连通，用于在燃料电池（12）操作期间接收和储存氢气，并且每当燃料电池（12）被释放时，氢气释放到燃料电池 ）被关闭。
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公开(公告)号：US20080299422A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-04
申请号：US12159091
申请日：2005-12-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04231 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A fuel cell stack includes at least one fuel cell having a fuel inlet for directing a hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell to generate electric current; a sensor cell having an anode, a cathode and a membrane between the anode and the cathode, the anode being communicated with the fuel inlet to receive a portion of fuel from the fuel inlet, the sensor cell being connected across the stack to carry the electric current whereby hydrogen from the portion of fuel is electrochemically pumped to the cathode of the sensor cell; and a sensor communicated with the sensor cell to receive a signal corresponding to evolution of hydrogen from the anode to the cathode of the sensor cell and adapted to detect contaminants in the fuel based upon the signal.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池堆包括至少一个具有用于将氢燃料引导到燃料电池以产生电流的燃料入口的燃料电池; 具有在阳极和阴极之间的阳极，阴极和膜的传感器单元，阳极与燃料入口连通以从燃料入口接收一部分燃料，传感器单元跨越堆叠连接以承载电 来自燃料部分的氢气被电化学泵送到传感器电池的阴极; 以及传感器，与传感器单元通信，以接收对应于氢从传感器单元的阳极到阴极的演变的信号，并且适于基于该信号来检测燃料中的污染物。
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公开(公告)号：US07438986B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-21
申请号：US11022431
申请日：2004-12-22
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04134 , H01M8/04104 , H01M8/04186
摘要： A method for operating a fuel cell power plant. The fuel cell can include a reactant passage (22) with an upstream portion and a downstream portion for providing reactant to an electrode (16, 18), at least one liquid passage (24), and a plate (20) made from a porous material that is liquid permeable and conductive. The porous material separates the reactant passage and the liquid passage. A pressure profile is controlled to provide a positive pressure difference in the upstream portion and a negative pressure difference in the downstream portion. A positive pressure difference is one where the liquid pressure is higher than that of the reactant. A negative pressure difference is one where the liquid pressure is less than that of the reactant. The pressure profile can be used to provide enhanced humidification of the reactant in the upstream portion and effective liquid water removal in the downstream portion to maximize both the performance and the life of the fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 一种操作燃料电池发电厂的方法。 燃料电池可以包括具有上游部分和下游部分的反应物通道（22），用于向电极（16,18）提供反应物，至少一个液体通道（24）和由多孔 液体可渗透和导电的材料。 多孔材料分离反应物通道和液体通道。 控制压力分布以在上游部分提供正压差，并在下游部分提供负压差。 正压差是液压高于反应物的压力差。 负压差是液压低于反应物的压力差。 压力分布可用于在上游部分中提供增强的反应物加湿，并且在下游部分中有效地除去液体水，以使燃料电池的性能和使用寿命最大化。
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公开(公告)号：US20080124591A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-29
申请号：US12002815
申请日：2007-12-19
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池发电厂包括燃料电池，每个燃料电池具有阴极反应物流场板，其基本上不透液体，冷却剂源和与所述冷却剂源相邻的流体可渗透阳极反应物流场板。 阳极反应物流场板将冷却剂从冷却剂源传递到冷却剂被蒸发以冷却电池的电池中。 阴极流场板防止相邻电池之间的反应物交叉。 通过为发电厂中的每个电池提供单个可渗透板，停电时存在于发电厂中的冷却剂的量被限制在不需要辅助冷却剂吹扫部件以在发电厂关闭时从板上去除冷却剂的程度 在冷冻环境条件下下降。 因此，在这种冷冻条件下在关闭期间在板中形成的发电厂中剩余的冷冻冷冻剂的量将受到限制。 因此，由于在启动期间必须熔化的冷冻冷冻剂的量减少，因此发电厂可以重新启动并迅速达到完全的工作功率水平。 冷却剂源中的压力优选大于环境压力，并且阳极反应物流场中的压力大于冷却剂源中的压力，以便防止冷却剂淹没电池。 发电厂非常适合用于为车辆供电。
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99.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07282290B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-16
申请号：US10750347
申请日：2003-12-31
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04253 , F28D20/025 , F28F19/006 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04228 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04303 , Y02E60/145
摘要： A power plant (10) includes at least one fuel cell (12), a coolant loop (18) including a freeze tolerant accumulator (22) for storing and separating a water immiscible fluid and water coolant, a direct contact heat exchanger (56) for mixing the water immiscible fluid and the water coolant within a mixing region (72) of the heat exchanger (56), a coolant pump (21) for circulating the coolant through the coolant loop (18), a radiator loop (84) for circulating the water immiscible fluid through the heat exchanger (56), a radiator (86) for removing heat from the coolant, and a direct contact heat exchanger by-pass system (200). The plant (10) utilizes the water immiscible fluid during steady-state operation to cool the fuel cell and during shut down of the plant to displace water from the fuel cell (12) to the freeze tolerant accumulator (22).
摘要翻译： 发电厂（10）包括至少一个燃料电池（12），冷却剂回路（18），其包括用于储存和分离水不混溶的流体和水冷却剂的耐冻储存器（22），直接接触式热交换器（56） 用于在热交换器（56）的混合区域（72）内混合水不混溶流体和水冷却剂，用于使冷却剂循环通过冷却剂回路（18）的冷却剂泵（21），用于 使水不混溶的液体循环通过热交换器（56），用于从冷却剂除去热量的散热器（86）和直接接触热交换器旁通系统（200）。 工厂（10）在稳态操作期间利用水不混溶流体来冷却燃料电池并且在关闭工厂期间将水从燃料电池（12）移动到容许冷凝器（22）。
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公开(公告)号：US06821668B1
公开(公告)日：2004-11-23
申请号：US09921809
申请日：2001-08-03
申请人： Michael L. Perry , Paul R. Margiott
发明人： Michael L. Perry , Paul R. Margiott
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04231
摘要： A fuel cell stack has a cascaded fuel flow field in which groups (10-12) of fuel cells (13, 13a) are arranged in flow-series, there being a fuel purge inlet valve (33) to provide fuel flow directly to two of the groups (11-12) downstream in the series, and a fuel purge outlet valve (36) to vent fuel flow directly from the first and second groups (10, 11) of fuel cells (13), whereby to avoid large pressure drop in the lowest group (12) of the series, to thereby facilitate quick purging of the fuel flow field. In other embodiments, rotary gates (40, 41) or sliding gates (56, 57) within manifolds cause fuel to flow into and out of all three groups directly during a purge.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池堆具有级联的燃料流场，其中燃料电池组（13,13a）的组（10-12）以流动方式布置，其中存在燃料吹扫入口阀（33），以将燃料流直接提供给两个 （11-12），以及燃料净化出口阀（36），用于直接从燃料电池（13）的第一和第二组（10,11）排放燃料流，从而避免大的压力 落在该系列的最低组（12）中，从而有助于快速吹扫燃油流场。 在其他实施例中，歧管内的旋转门（40,41）或滑动门（56,57）在吹扫期间直接导致燃料流入和流出所有三组。
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