Abstract:
A toner which has i) toner base particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant and ii) a fatty acid metal salt composition as an external additive. The fatty acid metal salt composition contains a nonionic surface-active agent and a fatty acid metal salt. This toner and an image forming process making use of the toner can keep the toner from adhering to a toner carrying member throughout running, promise a stable chargeability of the toner and can keep any deterioration of halftone image quality from being caused by excess charging of the toner and any image fog from being caused by insufficient charging of the toner.
Abstract:
In order to manufacture a lithium secondary battery having excellent performances in safety under overcharge condition, cycle property, electric capacity, and storage endurance, 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of a tert-alkylbenzene compound is favorably incorporated into a non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprising a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte, preferably in combination with 0.1 wt. % to 1.5 wt. % of a biphenyl compound.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery which is improved particularly in cycle characteristics. Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery which uses a non-aqueous electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution further contains a pentafluorophenyloxy compound represented by the formula (I), and vinylene carbonate and/or 1,3-propanesultone. In the formula (I), R1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, and an alkanesulfonyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. At least one hydrogen atom of the substituent can be substituted with a halogen atom or an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
Abstract:
A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the invention has a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte having electrolyte salt in a nonaqueous solvent. The electric potential of the positive electrode active material is 4.4 to 4.6 V relative to lithium, and the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a compound expressed by structural formula (I) below. The quantity of compound added is preferably 0.1% to 2% by mass. Also, the positive electrode active material preferably comprises a mixture of a lithium-cobalt composite oxide which is LiCoO2 containing at least both zirconium and magnesium and a lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide that has a layer structure and contains at least both manganese and nickel. Thanks to such structure, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be provided that is charged to charging termination potential of 4.4 to 4.6 V relative to lithium and that has enhanced overcharging safety.[Chemical Formula 1]
Abstract:
The present invention provides a lithium secondary battery improved in safety from overcharge as well as cycle characteristics. A non-aqueous electrolytic solution is used for the lithium secondary battery. In the non-aqueous electrolytic solution, an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. The non-aqueous solvent comprises two or more cyclic carbonate compounds. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution further contains 1 to 10 wt. % of a cyclohexylbenzene compound having a halogenated benzene ring and 0.1 to 5 wt. % of a fluorobenzene compound.
Abstract:
A lithium secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode of artificial graphite or natural graphite and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein 0.1 to 20 wt. % of a cyclohexylbenzene having a halogen atom bonded to a benzene ring thereof is contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution exhibits large electric capacity and excellent cycle performance.
Abstract:
A frame input unit receives an input of a frame having a placement area for an element to which a predetermined signal is supplied. A netlist input unit receives an input of a netlist concerning the element. A placing unit places the element in the placement area of the frame input by the frame input unit based on the netlist input by the netlist input unit. A detecting unit detects whether there is a vacant position in the placement area in which the element is placed by the placing unit, and a bypass-element placing unit places a bypass element at the vacant position detected by the detecting unit, the bypass element propagating the predetermined signal by bypassing the element located adjacent to the vacant position.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a toner that exhibits excellent low-temperature fixing properties, offset resistance, and has excellent storage stability in a developing machine. The toner has, in a DSC curve obtained by measuring the toner with differential scanning calorimeter, a glass transition temperature (Tg1) measured in a first scan of 50.0 to 70.0° C. and a temperature difference (Tg1−Tg2) between the glass transition temperature (Tg1) measured in the first scan and a glass transition temperature (Tg2) measured in a second scan ranging from 3.0 to 20.0° C.
Abstract:
A non-aqueous electrolytic solution composed of two or more organic compounds dissolved in a solvent composed of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, in an amount of 0.01 to 8 weight % for each compound, in which both of the two organic compounds have a reduction potential higher than those of the cyclic and chain carbonates, and in which one of the organic compounds has a reduction potential equal to that of another organic compound or has a reduction potential lower or higher than that of another organic compound by a potential of less than 0.4 V is favorably employable for a non-aqueous secondary battery.
Abstract:
An apparatus for manufacturing chlorine dioxide comprises a reaction chamber which enables to generate chlorine dioxide by subjecting a chlorite solution to react with an acid, chlorite solution supplying means enabling to continuously supply the chlorite solution to the reaction chamber, acid supplying means enabling to continuously supply the acid to the reaction chamber, an aeration device enabling to continuously aerate air into a mixed solution of the chlorite solution and the acid supplied to the reaction chamber, a removal passage enabling to remove a chlorine dioxide gas in the reaction chamber, a drain pipe enabling to continuously drain away waste liquid which finishes reaction in the reaction chamber, and means optionally adjusting an amount of chlorite solution supplied by the chlorite solution supplying means, an amount of acid supplied by the acid supplying means and an amount of air aerated by said aeration device.