公开(公告)号：US5040373A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US427816

申请日：1989-10-27

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： F25B21/00 ,  F01K19/02 ,  F01K25/10 ,  F25B23/00 ,  F25B25/00

CPC分类号： F25B25/00 ,  F01K19/02 ,  F01K25/10 ,  Y10S505/891

摘要： A cryogenic condensing system is provided wherein the working fluid is paramagnetic and entropy reduction is accomplished by means of a magnetic field. Condensation is obtained by isentropically expanding partially compressed vapor into a thermally insulated vacuum chamber with a sufficiently large expansion ratio to supersaturate the vapor, a portion of which condenses spontaneously. That portion of the vapor which does not condense is drawn out of the condensing chamber and into the bore of a superconducting solenoid by magnetic attractive forces thereby maintaining the vacuum environment inside the chamber. The noncondensed vapor is magnetized and magnetically compressed inside the solenoid thereby reducing its entropy. Heat of magnetization is extracted by a non-magnetic turbine which converts the kinetic energy of the gas stream pulled into the solenoid into mechanical work. The low entropy vapor is removed from the solenoid by a compressor mounted inside the bore such that its thermodynamic state is returned to the preexpanded state outside the magnetic field. This vapor is mixed with previously condensed vapor having the same thermodynamic state and recycled back through the condensing expander to produce a constant flow of condensed working fluid. The system could be used for cryogenic engines using oxygen.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种低温冷凝系统，其中工作流体是顺磁性的并且通过磁场来实现熵减少。 通过将部分压缩的蒸汽等度膨胀到具有足够大的膨胀比的热绝缘真空室中以使蒸气过饱和，其一部分自发冷凝获得冷凝。 不凝结的蒸汽的那部分被磁性吸引力从冷凝室中抽出并进入超导螺线管的孔中，从而保持室内的真空环境。 非冷凝蒸汽被磁化并在螺线管内被磁力压缩，从而减少其熵。 通过非磁性涡轮提取磁化热，其将拉入螺线管的气流的动能转换为机械功。 通过安装在孔内的压缩机将低熵蒸汽从螺线管中移出，使得其热力学状态返回到磁场外的预先状态。 将该蒸汽与具有相同热力学状态的预先冷凝的蒸汽混合并通过冷凝式膨胀器再循环回来，以产生恒定的冷凝工作流体流。 该系统可用于使用氧的低温发动机。

公开(公告)号：US4939976A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-10

申请号：US176679

申请日：1988-04-01

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： F41B6/00

CPC分类号： F41B6/00 ,  Y10S505/896

摘要： A reusable and regenerative electromagnetic propulsion method and operating system is provided for propelling high mass payloads to orbital velocities which does not require a vacuum environment. The propulsion system comprises a self supporting superconducting dipole coil several kilometers in diameter that is accelerated by magnetic repulsive forces generated by a plurality of giant superconducting field coils mounted in underground tunnels. The propulsion dipole is mounted inside a circular hypersonic wing-like structure equipped with movable aerodynamic control surfaces for guidance. The propulsion system can accelerate a payload with any desired launch azimuth by accelerating along a line of magnetic induction generated by the field coils having the desired azimuth angle. The payload is attached to the propulsion system by a plurality of cables. After reaching orbital velocity, the payload is detached from the propulsion system and the propulsion system is decelerated back to the earth's surface by magnetic repulsive forces generated by the field coils. A large fraction of the orbital energy of the propulsion system is reconverted back into electrical energy by the inductive coupling between the magnetically decelerated propulsion coil and the field coils which is used to launch another payload.

摘要翻译： 提供了可重复使用和再生的电磁推进方法和操作系统，用于将高质量有效载荷推进到不需要真空环境的轨道速度。 推进系统包括直径几公里的自支撑超导偶极线圈，其由安装在地下隧道中的多个巨型超导场线圈产生的磁排斥力加速。 推进偶极子安装在一个圆形超音速翼状结构内，配有可移动的空气动力学控制面，用于引导。 推进系统可以通过沿着具有所需方位角的励磁线圈产生的磁感应线加速，来加速具有任何所需发射方位的有效载荷。 有效载荷通过多根电缆连接到推进系统。 达到轨道速度后，有效载荷与推进系统分离，推进系统通过励磁线圈产生的磁排斥力减速回地球表面。 推进系统的大部分轨道能量通过磁减速推进线圈和用于发射另一有效载荷的励磁线圈之间的感应耦合而再转换回电能。

公开(公告)号：US3954064A

公开(公告)日：1976-05-04

申请号：US466609

申请日：1974-05-03

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： B60L13/00 ,  B60L13/04 ,  B61B13/10 ,  H01F7/02 ,  H02K41/00

CPC分类号： B60L13/04 ,  B60L13/006 ,  B61B13/10 ,  H01F7/0236 ,  H02K41/00 ,  B60L2200/26 ,  Y02T30/30 ,  Y10S505/905 ,  Y10S505/908

摘要： A rapid transit system in which a vehicle, typically comprising a train of detachably coupled cars, is suspended in an underground vacuum tunnel by permanent magnetic rails of high coercivity and propelled by gravity. For closely spaced stations, such as in urban areas, the connecting tunnel paths are smooth continuous curves, lying essentially in the vertical planes connecting adjacent stations. For widely separated stations, such as in inter-city transit systems, the tunnel paths have horizontal reaches at their maximum depth, joined at the ends by smooth paths which arc up towards each station. The magnetic suspension and the vacuum environment enables the vehicle to move frictionlessly at high speeds without contacting the rails or any other part of the tunnel. Gravity propulsion from one station to the next is accomplished by allowing the vehicle to move frictionlessly down the decending arc of the tunnel, during which time it is accelerated by gravity, and decelerating by gravitational braking while moving along the tunnel's ascending arc. Thus, the trip is accomplished by transforming the vehicle's gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy and back into gravitational potential energy. Excess kinetic energy arising from moving between stations having different elevations is supplied or absorbed by onboard linear motor/generators that provide supplementary propulsion or regenerative braking. These linear motor/generators draw and return energy to on-board flywheel energy storage units. While moving along very long straight tunnel paths the vehicle's gravitational coasting speed is boosted by flywheel energy which is recovered by regenerative braking. Since the motion is essentially without friction and since the linear motor/generator-flywheel motor/alternator system can be designed with very high efficiencies, the principle of conservation of energy applies and very little input energy is required. In the ideal case, no input energy would be required since the vehicle's total energy remains constant even while moving between two stations at high speed. When the vehicle is at rest at stations having different elevations, the differences in its gravitational potential energy are balanced essentially by equal differences in its stored flywheel inertial energy. Except for a small amount of electrical energy expended for life support systems and to make up for losses due to energy conversion inefficiences, no energy is used or required for the actual trips between stations.

公开(公告)号：US5243894A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-14

申请号：US893730

申请日：1992-06-05

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： F41A33/02

CPC分类号： F41H13/0087 ,  F41A33/02

摘要： A battery-operated hand-held multiflash light generator is provided for temporarily blinding an assailant at a distance. The light generator comprises a plurality of high energy storage capacitors, charged by a battery-operated high voltage power supply, and a high intensity flashtube. A high current electronic switch discharges each capacitor through the flashtube thereby generating an intense flash of light. The flash is focused by a reflector to form a concentrated beamed light flash which is aimed at an assailant's head. The intensity of the light flash is sufficiently strong to cause temporary blindness, thereby rendering the assailant immobile. By using discharge capacitors with very high energy storage, and a high intensity flashtube, and a focusing reflector, it is possible to project a light flash several orders of magnitude brighter than the sun. A manual/automatic system is also provided for controlling the brightness. As soon as a capacitor is discharged by generating a light flash, it is automatically recharged a few seconds later. By utilizing a plurality of discharge capacitors, it is possible to project multiple light flashes in rapid fire operation without having to wait for any capacitor to be recharged.

摘要翻译： 提供电池供电的手持式多灯闪光灯发光器，用于在远处暂时扼杀凶手。 光发生器包括由电池供电的高压电源充电的多个高能量存储电容器和高强度闪光管。 大电流电子开关通过闪光管放电每个电容器，从而产生强烈的闪光。 闪光灯由反射器聚焦，形成集中的束光闪光灯，瞄准攻击者的头部。 闪光灯的强度足够强，导致暂时的失明，从而使得凶手不动。 通过使用具有非常高能量存储的放电电容器，以及高强度闪光管和聚焦反射器，可以将闪光灯投射比太阳亮几个数量级。 还提供了用于控制亮度的手动/自动系统。 一旦电容器通过产生闪光灯放电，几秒钟后就会自动重新充电。 通过利用多个放电电容器，可以在快速启动操作中投射多个闪光灯，而不必等待任何电容器被充电。

公开(公告)号：US5103712A

公开(公告)日：1992-04-14

申请号：US688853

申请日：1991-04-22

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： B64D1/00

CPC分类号： B64D1/00

摘要： An aerial inflight reloading system and operating method is provided for military combat aircraft using cannon or machine gun ammunition. In this system, a large ammunition carrying aircraft is equipped with an enclosed conveyor fitted with aerodynamic lifting and control surfaces. A controller, positioned in a pod mounted under the rear portion of the aircraft's fuselage, maneuvers the conveyor via flight controls. The conveyor is guided by the controller to a combat receiver aircraft flying behind and somewhat below the supply aircraft, and is connected to a receptacle mounted on the receiver aircraft. After the connection is made, ammunition is transferred from the supply aircraft to the receiver aircraft via the conveyor. The system enables combat aircraft to be reloaded with ammunition while flying close to a combat zone instead of having to return to base to reload. By combining this system with aerial refueling, it will be possible for combat aircraft to spend significantly longer time periods firing on enemy targets before returning to base, thus significantly increasing their operational efficiency.

摘要翻译： 为军用作战飞机提供使用大炮或机枪弹药的空中飞行装载系统和操作方法。 在这个系统中，一架装有大型弹药的飞机配有封闭式输送机，配有气动提升和控制面。 位于安装在飞机机身后部下方的舱内的控制器通过飞行控制器操纵输送机。 输送机由控制器引导到飞行在后方并稍微低于供应飞机的作战接收器飞机，并连接到安装在接收器飞机上的插座。 连接完成后，弹药通过输送机从供应飞机转移到接收机。 该系统使得战斗机在靠近战斗区飞行时重新装弹药，而不必返回基地重新加载。 通过将该系统与空中加油相结合，作战飞机在返回基地之前可以花费更长时间的时间对敌方目标进行射击，从而显着提高其作战效率。

公开(公告)号：US4795113A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-03

申请号：US919252

申请日：1986-10-14

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： B64G1/14 ,  B64G5/00 ,  B64F1/04

CPC分类号： B64G5/00 ,  B64G1/14

摘要： An electromagnetically propelled space transportation system is provided for transporting passengers and/or freight between the Earth's surface and orbiting spaceports via reusable spaceplanes. Each spaceplane is equipped with a plurality of superconducting propulsion coils extending along its fuselage and is accelerated to orbital velocities inside a vacuum tube by a 1,530 km long electromagnetic linear accelerator. The vacuum tube is evacuated by utilizing the accelerator as a giant vacuum pump wherein a free-moving, magnetically propelled, air-tight piston is driven through the entire tube at low speed thereby forcing the air directly out the end. The spaceplanes are equipped with movable wings and other aerodynamic surfaces that are retracted during launching and extended during landing. The accelerator is capable of launching spaceplanes directly to geosynchronous orbits or onto interplanetary trajectories. The accelerator is embedded deep underground with a maximum depth of 46 km and emerges near the summit of a high mountain. The system is powered by the Earth's gravitational field whereby natural hydro and geothermal energy is converted into electrical energy. Since substantially more electrical energy is generated than is used by the accelerator, the system produces vast amounts of clean renewable electrical energy.

摘要翻译： 提供电磁推进的空间运输系统，用于通过可重复使用的空间飞机在地球表面和轨道空间运输轨道之间运输乘客和/或货物。 每个空间平面都配备有多个沿其机身延伸的超导推进线圈，并通过1,530公里长的电磁线性加速器加速到真空管内的轨道速度。 真空管通过利用加速器作为巨大的真空泵进行抽真空，其中自由移动的磁力推进的气密活塞以低速驱动通过整个管，从而迫使空气直接排出端部。 这些飞机配备有活动翼和其他空气动力学表面，在启动期间缩回并在着陆期间延伸。 加速器能够将空间飞机直接发射到地球同步轨道或行星际轨迹。 加速器深埋在地下，最大深度达46公里，并在高山山顶附近出现。 该系统由地球引力场驱动，天然水力和地热能被转化为电能。 由于产生比加速器使用的电能大得多的电能，所以系统产生大量的清洁的可再生电能。

公开(公告)号：US4791850A

公开(公告)日：1988-12-20

申请号：US835878

申请日：1986-01-23

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： F41B6/00 ,  F42B6/00 ,  F41F1/02

CPC分类号： F42B6/006 ,  F41B6/00

摘要： An Earth-based, rapid-fire, electromagnetic accelerator system is provided for launching multiple hypervelocity nuclear or non-nuclear independently targetable warheads on ballistic trajectories to targets located anywhere on or above the Earth's surface. The warheads are mounted inside a reinforced launching sabot containing a plurality of coaxial superconducting dipole magnets. The sabot is magnetically accelerated to hypervelocities inside a large-bore vacuum tube by sequentially exciting a series of driving coils mounted coaxially along the tube. The sabots are injected into the tube from pre-evacuated storage canisters thereby eliminating the need for an air-lock. Terminal guidance systems allow the warheads to be fired over intercontinental distances to hit small, preselected targets with nearly perfect accuracy. The launch velocities are sufficiently high to enable warheads to also intercept and destroy orbiting satellites moving in space high above the Earth's surface.

摘要翻译： 提供了基于地面，快速火灾的电磁加速器系统，用于将多个超高速核或非核独立可定向弹头弹道弹道运行到位于地球表面上方或上方的目标。 弹头安装在包含多个同轴超导偶极子磁体的增强发射台内。 通过依次激励沿着管同轴安装的一系列驱动线圈，该膛体被磁力加速到大口径真空管内部的高空。 从预抽真空的储存罐将活塞注入管中，从而无需空气锁。 终端引导系统允许弹头在洲际距离上射击，以几乎完美的准确度击打小型，预选的目标。 发射速度足够高，使弹头能够拦截和摧毁在地球表面以上高空飞行的轨道卫星。

公开(公告)号：US06193194B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-27

申请号：US09146927

申请日：1998-09-01

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： B64G140

CPC分类号： F03H1/00 ,  B64G1/405 ,  B64G1/409

摘要： A traveling-field, magnetic propulsion system and operating method is provided for achieving economical space travel. The system is based upon designing the vehicle in the form of a single-stage streamlined circular toroidal airfoil containing a thin-walled superconducting solenoid. It is initially launched vertically off the earth's surface into a vacuum environment at 125 km using conventional rocket propulsion. It is then accelerated along a high-inclination trajectory by a traveling repulsive magnetic field generated by ejecting an easily ionizable low-density gas cloud in the vehicle's magnetic field and transmitting a high-power, plane-polarized, microwave beam at the cloud tuned to the electron cyclotron resonant frequency. The transmitter is constructed horizontally on the earth's surface as an electronically-steered, phased array several hundred meters in diameter energized by a large superconducting energy storage system. The transmitter will be able to transmit a converging CW microwave beam at the vehicle with very high power to magnetically accelerate it over great distances without atmospheric breakdown. The method can be used as a general high-speed earth or space transportation system by catapulting suborbital or orbital payloads, or by catapulting multikiloton payloads to other celestial bodies with mass ratios below that of long-range aircraft.

摘要翻译： 提供行驶场，磁力推进系统和操作方法，以实现经济的空间行驶。 该系统基于以包含薄壁超导螺线管的单级流线型圆形环形翼型件的形式设计车辆。 它最初从地球表面垂直发射到使用常规火箭推进的125公里的真空环境中。 然后通过在车辆磁场中喷射易于电离的低密度气体云而产生的行进排斥磁场沿着高倾斜轨迹加速，并将云层的大功率平面极化微波波束调谐到 电子回旋共振频率。 变送器在地球表面上水平地构造为一个电子转向的相控阵列，其直径几百米，由大型超导能量存储系统供电。 发射机将能够以非常高的功率在车辆上传输会聚的CW微波波束，以在很大的距离上对其进行磁加速，而无需大气击穿。 该方法可以作为一般的高速地球或空间运输系统，通过弹射眶下或轨道有效载荷，或者通过弹射多空载荷到其他天体，质量比低于远程飞机的天体。

公开(公告)号：US5052638A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-01

申请号：US330632

申请日：1989-03-30

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： B64G1/40 ,  F02K99/00 ,  F03H99/00

CPC分类号： F03H99/00 ,  B64G1/405 ,  B64G1/409

摘要： An electromagnetic ramjet propulsion system is provided for accelerating high mass payloads through the upper atomsphere at orbital velocities. The propulsion system comprises a plurality of coplaner self-supporting superconducting dipole coils several hundred meters in diameter that is initially accelerated to high altitude and supersonic speed by magnetic repulsive forces generated by a plurality of superconducting field coils several kilometers in diameter embeded beneath the earth's surface. The ramjet is accelerated to orbital velocities by a multigigawatt microwave beam that is transmitted from the earth's surface. A reflecting grid of conducting wires is mounted inside the inner dipole which shock ionizes the low dentisy atmospheric gas passing through it. The frequency of the microwave beam is adjusted to produce electron cyclotron resonance with the free electrons passing through the magnetic field of the dipoles thereby accelerating them away from the dipoles by magnetic repulsive forces, taking the positively charged ions with them. The system becomes a giant hypervelocity ionospheric ramjet propelled by magnetic repulsive forces without any velocity limitations. By utilizing a plurality of microwave transmitters located along the ground track of the ramjet, it is possible to accelerate payloads of several thousand tons to orbit.

摘要翻译： 提供电磁冲压喷气推进系统，用于通过轨道速度的上部原子层加速高质量有效载荷。 推进系统包括多个直径几百米的共平面自支撑超导偶极子线圈，其最初通过埋在地球表面下方的直径为几公里的多个超导场线圈产生的磁排斥力最初加速到高空和超音速 。 通过从地球表面传播的多瓦微波波束将冲压加速到轨道速度。 导电线的反射栅格安装在内部偶极子的内部，其使通过其的低牙质气体气体电离。 微波光束的频率被调节以产生电子回旋共振，其中自由电子通过偶极子的磁场，从而通过磁力排斥力将它们从偶极子加速离开，并带有带正电荷的离子。 该系统成为一个巨大的超高速电离层冲压喷气式发动机，由弹性力不受任何速度限制。 通过利用位于冲压式喷气式飞机的地面轨道上的多个微波发射器，可以将数千吨的有效载荷加速到轨道。

公开(公告)号：US4148260A

公开(公告)日：1979-04-10

申请号：US682085

申请日：1976-04-30

申请人： Michael A. Minovitch

发明人： Michael A. Minovitch

IPC分类号： B60L13/00 ,  B60L13/04 ,  B61B13/10 ,  H01F7/02 ,  H02K41/00 ,  B61B13/08

CPC分类号： B60L13/04 ,  B60L13/006 ,  B61B13/10 ,  H01F7/0236 ,  H02K41/00 ,  B60L2200/26 ,  Y02T30/30 ,  Y10S505/905 ,  Y10S505/908

摘要： A high speed ground transportation system, is suspended in an underground vacuum tube by a frictionless magnetic suspension system and propelled by gravity. The tubes are suspended inside deep underground tunnels from anchor points near each adjacent station and follow smooth catenary curves similar to the main suspension cables of a suspension bridge. Gravity propulsion is accomplished by allowing the vehicle to coast down the descending arc of the tube, during which time it is accelerated by gravity, and decelerating by gravitational braking while coasting up the tube's ascending arc. Thus, the trip is accomplished by transforming the vehicle's gravitational potential energy at one station into kinetic energy and back into gravitational potential energy at the next station. Excess kinetic energy arising from coasting between stations having different elevations is supplied or absorbed by on-board linear motor/generators that provide supplementary propulsion or regenerative braking. These linear motor/generators draw and return energy to an on-board flywheel kinetic energy storage system. Passenger and cargo transfer between the vehicle's interior and station is made without removing the vacuum environment of the vehicle, by providing air-locks through the tube walls at the station.

摘要翻译： 高速地面运输系统通过无摩擦磁悬浮系统悬挂在地下真空管中，并通过重力推进。 管子从每个相邻站附近的锚点悬挂在深埋的地下隧道内，并遵循类似悬吊桥主悬索的平滑悬链曲线。 重力推进是通过允许车辆沿着管子的下降弧线滑行来实现的，在此期间，它通过重力加速，并通过重力制动减速，同时使管的上升弧线滑动。 因此，该行程通过将车辆在一个站处的重力势能转化为动能并在下一站回到重力势能来实现。 由具有不同高度的车站之间的滑行产生的过多的动能由提供辅助推进或再生制动的车载线性电机/发电机提供或吸收。 这些线性电动机/发电机将能量吸收并返回到机载飞轮动能储能系统。 通过在车站的管壁提供气锁，在车辆内部和车站之间进行乘客和货物的转移，而不会移除车辆的真空环境。