公开(公告)号：US20070245834A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-25

申请号：US11702422

申请日：2007-02-05

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Yonko Sheiretov ,  Leandro Lorilla ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  J. Lovett ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Yonko Sheiretov ,  Leandro Lorilla ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Volker Weiss ,  J. Lovett ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01L3/02

CPC分类号： G01L1/125

摘要： Magnetic or electric field sensors are mounted against a material surface and used for stress, strain, and load monitoring of rotating components such as vehicle drive trains. The stationary sensors are mounted at multiple locations around the component and used assess the stress on the component at multiple rotational positions. The sensor response is typically converted into a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, which accounts for any coating thickness that may be present between the sensor and mounting surface. The sensors are not in direct contact with the rotating component and are typically mounted on an annular material or ring that encircles the rotating component. Measurements of the annular material properties, such as the stress, are related to the stress on the rotating component and discrete features on the component. As a particular example, the rotating component is a planetary gear system, with sensors mounted on the ring gear and the discrete features are carrier plate posts. The sensors are preferably mounted at equal distances around the circumference of the component. The sensors and instrumentation may be removable and reusable for monitoring of additional components.

摘要翻译： 磁场或电场传感器安装在材料表面上，用于对诸如车辆传动系的旋转部件进行应力，应变和负载监测。 固定式传感器安装在组件周围的多个位置，用于评估组件在多个旋转位置的应力。 传感器响应通常被转换成诸如磁导率或导电性的材料性质，其考虑了传感器和安装表面之间可能存在的任何涂层厚度。 传感器不与旋转部件直接接触，并且通常安装在环绕旋转部件的环形材料或环上。 环形材料特性（如应力）的测量与旋转部件上的应力和部件上的离散特征有关。 作为具体示例，旋转部件是行星齿轮系统，其中传感器安装在齿圈上，并且分立的特征是承载板柱。 传感器优选地围绕部件的圆周以相等的距离安装。 传感器和仪器可能是可拆卸的，可重复使用，用于监控附加部件。

公开(公告)号：US20070236214A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-11

申请号：US11807873

申请日：2007-05-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Reference standards or articles having prescribed levels of damage are fabricated by monitoring an electrical property of the article material, mechanically loading the article, and removing the load when a change in electrical properties indicates a prescribed level of damage. The electrical property is measured with an electromagnetic sensor, such as a flexible eddy current sensor, attached to a material surface, which may be between layers of the article material. The damage may be in the form of a fatigue crack or a change in the mechanical stress underneath the sensor. The shape of the article material may be adjusted to concentrate the stress so that the damage initiates under the sensor. Examples adjustments to the article shape include the use of dogbone geometries with thin center sections, reinforcement ribs on the edges of the article, and radius cut-outs in the vicinity of the thin section.

摘要翻译： 通过监测物品的电气性能，机械装载物品以及当电气特性的变化表示规定的损伤程度时，去除负载来制造具有规定的损伤程度的参考标准或物品。 电气特性用电磁传感器（例如柔性涡流传感器）测量，该传感器连接到材料表面，材料表面可以在物品层之间。 损伤可能是疲劳裂纹的形式或传感器下面的机械应力的变化。 可以调节制品材料的形状以集中应力，使得损伤在传感器下方开始。 对物品形状的实例调整包括使用具有薄中心部分的狗骨形几何形状，在制品的边缘上使用加强筋，以及在薄部分附近使用半径切口。

公开(公告)号：US20070227255A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-04

申请号：US11698296

申请日：2007-01-25

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01L1/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

公开(公告)号：US20070007955A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-11

申请号：US11473297

申请日：2006-06-22

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Damage and usage conditions in the vicinity of fasteners in joined structures are nondestructively evaluated using the fasteners themselves. Sensors or sensor conductors are embedded in the fasteners or integrated within the fastener construct, either in the clearance gap between the fastener and the structure material or as an insert inside the shaft or pin of the fastener. The response of the material to an interrogating magnetic or electric field is then measured with drive and sense electrodes both incorporated into the fastener or with either drive or sense electrodes external to the fastener on the material surface. In another configuration, an electric current is applied to one or more fasteners and the electric potential is measured at locations typically between the driven electrodes applying the current. The potential is measured circumferentially around the fastener at locations on the material surface or across pairs of fasteners throughout or along the joint. The voltage or potential measurement electrodes may be collinear with the drive electrodes. State sensitive material layers can be added either to the fastener or the test material layers in order to enhance observability of the test material condition, such as the presence of a crack, mechanical stress, delamination, or disbond.

摘要翻译： 使用紧固件本身对接合结构中紧固件附近的损坏和使用条件进行非破坏性评估。 传感器或传感器导体嵌入到紧固件中或整合在紧固件结构内，无论是在紧固件和结构材料之间的间隙中，或者作为紧固件的轴或销内的插入件。 然后测量材料对询问磁场或电场的响应，其中驱动和感测电极两者并入到紧固件中，或者与材料表面上的紧固件外部的驱动或感测电极结合。 在另一种配置中，电流被施加到一个或多个紧固件，并且在通常在施加电流的驱动电极之间的位置处测量电位。 在整个或沿着接头的材料表面上或穿过成对的紧固件的位置周围围绕紧固件测量电位。 电压或电位测量电极可与驱动电极共线。 可以将状态敏感材料层添加到紧固件或测试材料层中，以便增强测试材料状况的可观察性，例如存在裂纹，机械应力，分层或脱粘。

公开(公告)号：US20060082366A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-20

申请号：US11071051

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting and magnetic material. A sensor may have primary windings with parallel extended winding segments to impose a spatially periodic magnetic field in a test material. Those extended portions may be formed by adjacent portions of individual drive coils. Sensing elements provided every other half wavelength may be connected together in series while the sensing elements in adjacent half wavelengths are spatially offset. Certain sensors include circular segments which create a circularly symmetric magnetic field that is periodic in the radial direction. Such sensors are particularly adapted to surround fasteners to detect cracks and can be mounted beneath a fastener head. In another sensor, sensing windings are offset along the length of parallel winding segments to provide material measurements over different locations when the circuit is scanned over the test material. The distance from the sensing elements to the ends of the primary winding may be kept constant as the offset space in between sensing elements is varied. An image of the material properties can be provided as the sensor is scanned across the material.

摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电和磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器可以具有平行延伸的绕组段的初级绕组，以在测试材料中施加空间周期的磁场。 这些延伸部分可以由各个驱动线圈的相邻部分形成。 每隔一半波长提供的感测元件可以串联连接在一起，而相邻半波长中的感测元件在空间上偏移。 某些传感器包括产生在径向周期性的圆形对称磁场的圆形段。 这种传感器特别适于围绕紧固件以检测裂缝并且可以安装在紧固件头部下方。 在另一个传感器中，感测绕组沿着平行绕组段的长度偏移，以便在电路扫描测试材料时，通过不同位置提供材料测量。 当感测元件之间的偏移空间变化时，从感测元件到初级绕组的端部的距离可以保持恒定。 当传感器跨越材料扫描时，可以提供材料特性的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20050083050A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10935037

申请日：2004-09-07

申请人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

发明人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01M17/02

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Pressurized elastic support structures or balloons are used to press flexible sensors against the surface a material under test. Rigid support elements can also be incorporated into the inspection devices to maintain the basic shape of the inspection structure and to facilitate positioning of the sensors near the test material surface. The rigid supports can have the approximate shape of the test material surface or the pressurization of one or more balloons can be used to conform the sensor to the shape of the test material surface.

摘要翻译： 使用加压的弹性支撑结构或气球将柔性传感器压在表面上，以测试被测材料。 也可以将刚性支撑元件结合到检查装置中，以维持检查结构的基本形状并且便于传感器在测试材料表面附近的定位。 刚性支撑件可以具有测试材料表面的近似形状，或者可以使用一个或多个气囊的加压使传感器与测试材料表面的形状相一致。

公开(公告)号：US20060244443A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

申请号：US11343741

申请日：2006-01-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

IPC分类号： G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Eddy current sensors and sensor arrays are used for process quality and material condition assessment of conducting materials. In an embodiment, changes in spatially registered high resolution images taken before and after cold work processing reflect the quality of the process, such as intensity and coverage. These images also permit the suppression or removal of local outlier variations. Anisotropy in a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, can be intentionally introduced and used to assess material condition resulting from an operation, such as a cold work or heat treatment. The anisotropy is determined by sensors that provide directional property measurements. The sensor directionality arises from constructs that use a linear conducting drive segment to impose the magnetic field in a test material. Maintaining the orientation of this drive segment, and associated sense elements, relative to a material edge provides enhanced sensitivity for crack detection at edges.

摘要翻译： 涡流传感器和传感器阵列用于导电材料的工艺质量和材料状况评估。 在一个实施例中，在冷加工处理之前和之后拍摄的空间注册的高分辨率图像的变化反映了过程的质量，例如强度和覆盖。 这些图像还允许抑制或去除局部异常值变化。 可以有意地引入材料性质的各向异性，例如磁导率或电导率，以用于评估由诸如冷加工或热处理的操作引起的材料状况。 各向异性由提供定向性质测量的传感器确定。 传感器方向性来自使用线性传导驱动段将磁场施加在测试材料中的结构。 维持该驱动段和相关感测元件相对于材料边缘的方向为边缘处的裂纹检测提供了增强的灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US20060186880A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-24

申请号：US11408290

申请日：2006-04-20

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9033 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/904

摘要： An automated drawing tool and a method for drawing a sensor layout. A sensor is drawn by selecting a sensor family, each sensor of the sensor family having at least one drive element to impose a magnetic field in a test material when driven by an electric signal, and at least one sense element for sensing a response of the test material. A set of layout rules are associated with the sensor family and are used in determining a sensor-layout. The automated drawing tool processes input information and the layout rules, for the sensor family, to automatically draw the sensor.

摘要翻译： 自动绘图工具和绘制传感器布局的方法。 通过选择传感器系列来绘制传感器，传感器系列的每个传感器具有至少一个驱动元件，以在由电信号驱动时在测试材料中施加磁场，以及至少一个感测元件，用于感测 测试材料。 一组布局规则与传感器系列相关联，并用于确定传感器布局。 自动绘图工具处理输入信息和传感器系列的布局规则，自动绘制传感器。

公开(公告)号：US20050171703A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US11036780

申请日：2005-01-14

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

公开(公告)号：US20050146324A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-07

申请号：US10989115

申请日：2004-11-15

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/90

摘要： Fabrication of samples having material conditions or damage representative of actual components inspected by nondestructive testing involves sensors placed near or mounted on the material surface, such as flexible eddy current sensors or sensor arrays, to monitor the material condition while the sample is being processed. These sample typically have real cracks in or around holes, on curved surfaces, in and under coatings, and on shot peened or otherwise preconditioned surfaces. Processing, such as mechanical or thermal loading to introduce fatigue damage, is stopped once the material condition reaches a predetermined level.

摘要翻译： 通过非破坏性测试来检测具有代表实际部件的材料条件或损坏的样品的制造涉及放置在材料表面附近或安装在材料表面上的传感器，例如柔性涡流传感器或传感器阵列，以在样品被处理时监测材料状况。 这些样品通常在孔中或周围具有真实的裂纹，在弯曲表面上，在涂层内和在涂层下，以及在喷丸硬化或其它预处理的表面上。 一旦材料状态达到预定水平，就停止诸如机械或热负载以引入疲劳损伤的加工。