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11.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07093672B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-22
申请号：US10707985
申请日：2004-01-29
摘要： A method for geosteering while drilling a formation includes generating a plurality of formation models for the formation, where each of the plurality of the formation models includes a set of parameters and a resistivity tool therein and locations of the resistivity tool differ in the plurality of the formation models. The method may also include computing predicted tool responses for the resistivity tool in the plurality of formation models, acquiring resistivity measurements using the resistivity tool in the formation, and determining an optimum formation model based on a comparison between the actual tool response and the predicted tool responses. The method may also include steering a bottom home assembly based on the optimum formation model.
摘要翻译： 在钻孔地层时，用于地质导向的方法包括产生用于地层的多个地层模型，其中多个地层模型中的每一个包括一组参数和其中的电阻率工具，并且电阻率工具的位置在多个 形成模型。 该方法还可以包括计算多个地层模型中的电阻率工具的预测工具响应，使用地层中的电阻率工具获取电阻率测量值，以及基于实际的工具响应与预测的工具之间的比较来确定最佳地层模型 回应。 该方法还可以包括基于最佳形成模型来转向底部主组件。
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公开(公告)号：US06188222B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-13
申请号：US09148013
申请日：1998-09-04
IPC分类号： G01V328
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B47/12 , E21B47/122
摘要： The method and apparatus of the invention determines earth formation resistivity at extended depths into the formation by the use of telemetry transmission signals to measure the formation resistivity. The telemetry transmission signals carry measurement data from downhole sensors through the formation to an uphole receiver. The signal transmission is by means of induction telemetry. At the receiver, the signal is demodulated to obtain the transmitted measurement data. During the detection of the signal at the receiver, the signal amplitude is also extracted and is used to determine the formation resistivity. In addition, changes in the signal amplitude are also used to indicate formation boundaries for determining well location during directional drilling.
摘要翻译： 本发明的方法和装置通过使用遥测传输信号来测量地层电阻率来确定扩展深度到地层中的地层电阻率。 遥测传输信号通过地层将井下传感器的测量数据传送到井上接收器。 信号传输是通过感应遥测。 在接收机处，对信号进行解调，得到发送的测量数据。 在接收机检测到信号期间，信号幅度也被提取，用于确定地层电阻率。 此外，信号幅度的变化也用于指示在定向钻井期间确定井位置的地层边界。
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13.发明授权Method and apparatus for measuring mud resistivity in a wellbore including a probe having a bottom electrode for propagating a current from and to the bottom electrode in a direction approximately parallel to a longitudinal axis of the probe 失效用于测量井眼中的泥浆电阻率的方法和装置，包括具有用于在大致平行于探针的纵向轴线的方向上传播来自底部电极的电极的底部电极的探针
公开(公告)号：US5574371A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-12
申请号：US594419
申请日：1996-01-31
申请人： Jacques R. Tabanou , Andre E. Orban
发明人： Jacques R. Tabanou , Andre E. Orban
摘要： A logging apparatus is adapted to be disposed in a mud filled wellbore, and a measurement probe is connected to a bottom of a tool string of the logging apparatus. The measurement probe is adapted for measuring a resistivity of a mud in the mud filled wellbore. The measurement probe includes a bottom electrode disposed on a bottom of the probe when the logging apparatus is disposed in the wellbore, a second electrode, and at least one measurement electrode disposed adjacent the bottom electrode for measuring a voltage potential drop in a region of the mud which is disposed directly below the bottom electrode of the measurement probe when the probe is disposed in the wellbore. When the measurement probe is energized, a current flows in the mud between the bottom electrode and the second electrode. When the current is initially emitted into the mud from the bottom electrode, and when the current is received from the mud in the bottom electrode, the current flows in a direction which is approximately parallel to a longitudinal axis of the logging apparatus tool string. Since the measurement electrode is disposed adjacent the bottom electrode, the measurement electrode measures the voltage potential drop in a region of the mud disposed directly below the bottom electrode. In addition, the voltage potential drop in such region measured by the measurement electrode is controlled primarily by the current being emitted from or received in the bottom electrode and flowing in such region.
摘要翻译： 测井装置适于设置在泥浆填充的井眼中，并且测量探头连接到测井装置的工具串的底部。 测量探头适用于测量泥浆填充井眼中泥浆的电阻率。 测量探头包括设置在探测器的底部的底部电极，当测井装置设置在井眼中时，第二电极和至少一个设置在底部电极附近的测量电极，用于测量在 当探针设置在井眼中时，该泥浆直接设置在测量探针的底部电极的正下方。 当测量探针通电时，电流在底部电极和第二电极之间的泥浆中流动。 当电流最初从底部电极发射到泥浆中时，并且当从底部电极中的泥浆接收电流时，电流在大致平行于测井仪器工具串的纵向轴线的方向上流动。 由于测量电极邻近底部电极设置，测量电极测量在底部电极正下方布置的泥浆区域中的电压电位降。 此外，由测量电极测量的这种区域中的电压电位下降主要由从底部电极发射或接收在底部电极中并在该区域中流动的电流控制。
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5461562A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-24
申请号：US263505
申请日：1994-06-21
申请人： Jacques R. Tabanou , J. N. Antoine
发明人： Jacques R. Tabanou , J. N. Antoine
CPC分类号： G01V3/38
摘要： A new interpretation system receives a low resolution log and a high resolution log from a well logging tool that is disposed in a wellbore which traverses a highly laminated formation and generates an output record medium which clearly illustrates and quantifies each layer of the plurality of layers of the laminated formation. In response to receipt of the low and high resolution logs, the new interpretation system generates a rectangular deconvolved log. The rectangular deconvolved log is generated by first selecting a plurality of modes or possible formation types from a histogram. Each of the plurality of modes are then solved, in a least squares sense, by minimizing the sum, over a particular depth interval in the wellbore, of the square of the residual between the tool measurement and the reconstructed log, a calculation which is equivalent to solving a system of N equations and N unknowns. A basis function is determined for each mode, and the rectangular deconvolved log is defined to be the sum of the basis function for each mode multiplied by the calculated value of the associated mode derived from the solution of the N equations and N unknowns. The rectangular deconvolved log is subsequently convolved with a vertical response function of the well logging tool thereby producing a reconstructed log. The reconstructed log undergoes interactive refinement producing a refined rectangular deconvolved log. If no further refinement is needed, a volumetric analysis is performed on the refined rectangular deconvolved log to produce an output record medium which clearly illustrates and quantifies each layer of the plurality of layers of the laminated formation traversed by the wellbore.
摘要翻译： 新的解释系统从测井工具接收低分辨率日志和高分辨率日志，该测井工具设置在穿过高度层压的地层的井筒中，并产生输出记录介质，其清楚地示出和量化多层的每层 层压结构。 响应于收到低分辨率和高分辨率的日志，新的解释系统生成一个矩形解卷积的日志。 通过首先从直方图中选择多个模式或可能的形成类型来生成矩形解卷积。 然后，通过在工具测量和重建的对数之间的残差的平方的最小值在井眼中的特定深度间隔上最小化和来解决多个模式中的每一个，等效的计算 解决N个方程和N个未知数的系统。 确定每个模式的基函数，矩形解卷积日志被定义为每个模式的基函数的乘积乘以从N个方程和N个未知数的解得到的相关模式的计算值。 随后，用测井工具的垂直响应函数卷积矩形解卷积，从而产生重建的对数。 重建的日志经历交互式细化，产生精确的矩形去卷积日志。 如果不需要进一步细化，则对精制的矩形解卷积进行体积分析以产生输出记录介质，其清楚地示出并量化由井筒穿过的层叠地层的多个层的每一层。
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15.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5402069A
公开(公告)日：1995-03-28
申请号：US80428
申请日：1993-06-18
CPC分类号： G01V3/265
摘要： A spontaneous potential (SP) sub is interconnected between two metallic housings of a wellbore apparatus and is lowered into a wellbore. A spontaneous potential (SP) of an earth formation trasversed by the wellbore is measured by the SP sub, and a log is generated from the sub which is representative of the spontaneous potential of the formation, the log being substantially free of a special type of distortion which typified the prior art SP measurements taken by prior art SP measurement apparatus. The SP sub includes a measurement electrode, monitoring electrodes placed on both sides of the measurement electrode, a bucking electrode placed on both sides of the monitoring electrodes, current driving circuitry connected to the bucking electrodes, and receiving circuitry connected to the monitoring electrodes. The current driving circuitry delivers a current of sufficient magnitude to each bucking electrode such that the voltage potential between the monitoring electrodes is approximately equal to zero. The current from each bucking electrode is grounded via its own respective metallic housing and not via a surface oriented electrode. The receiving circuitry monitors the voltage between each of the monitoring electrodes and looks for a zero potential difference between the monitoring electrodes. When the receiving circuitry locates the zero potential difference at a moment in time between its monitoring electrodes, the measurement of the spontaneous potential taken by the measurement electrode at that same precise moment in time is received and recorded. A plurality of such measurements made by the measurement electrode represents a log of spontaneous potential of the earth formation traversed by the wellbore which is substantially free of the distortion which typified the prior art SP log measurements.
摘要翻译： 自发电位（SP）sub在井筒装置的两个金属壳体之间互连，并被下降到井筒中。 通过SP sub测量由井筒对置的地层的自发电位（SP），并且从代表地层的自发电位的sub产生对数，对数基本上不含特殊类型 失真表示现有技术的SP测量装置所采用的现有技术SP测量。 SP sub包括测量电极，设置在测量电极两侧的监视电极，设置在监视电极两侧的降压电极，连接到降压电极的电流驱动电路和连接到监视电极的接收电路。 电流驱动电路向每个降压电极传送足够大的电流，使得监视电极之间的电压电位近似等于零。 来自每个降压电极的电流通过其各自的金属外壳而不经由表面取向的电极接地。 接收电路监视每个监测电极之间的电压，并寻找监测电极之间的零电位差。 当接收电路在其监测电极之间的时间点定位零电位差时，接收并记录测量电极在同一精确时刻所采取的自发电位的测量。 由测量电极进行的多次这样的测量表示由井筒穿过的地层的自发电位的对数，其基本上没有以现有技术的SP测量值为代表的失真。
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公开(公告)号：US20110305110A1
公开(公告)日：2011-12-15
申请号：US13002682
申请日：2009-07-08
CPC分类号： G01V1/282 , G01V1/48 , G01V2210/614
摘要： A surface seismic survey is generated or obtained from Earth's surface and is based on time in which acoustic waves are reflected to Earth's surface. One or more tools measure density and sonic velocity of a subsurface formation. An estimate of acoustic impedance is obtained from the density and the sonic velocity to generate a synthetic seismic survey. The synthetic seismic survey and the surface seismic survey are compared and/or correlated. The acoustic impedance can be iteratively estimated until the synthetic seismic survey matches the surface seismic survey. Matching the surface seismic survey with the synthetic seismic survey may ensure that the surface seismic survey may be calibrated in actual depth.
摘要翻译： 表面地震勘测是从地球表面产生或获得的，是基于声波反射到地球表面的时间。 一个或多个工具测量地下地层的密度和声速。 从密度和声速获得声阻抗的估计值以产生合成地震勘测。 合成地震勘测和地表地震勘测进行了比较和/或相关。 可以迭代地估计声阻抗，直到合成地震勘测符合地表地震勘测。 将地震勘测与合成地震勘测相结合可确保地表地震勘测可在实际深度进行校准。
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公开(公告)号：US08056408B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US12260225
申请日：2008-10-29
IPC分类号： E21B47/00
CPC分类号： E21B49/005 , E21B49/081
摘要： A method for determining a property of formations surrounding an earth borehole being drilled with a drill bit at the end of a drill string, using drilling fluid that flows downward through the drill string, exits through the drill bit, and returns toward the earth's surface in the annulus between the drill string and the periphery of the borehole, including the following steps: obtaining, downhole near the drill bit, a pre-bit sample of the mud in the drill string as it approaches the drill bit; obtaining, downhole near the drill bit, a post-bit sample of the mud in the annulus, entrained with drilled earth formation, after its egression from the drill bit; implementing pre-bit measurements on the pre-bit sample; implementing post-bit measurements on the post-bit sample; and determining a property of the formations from the post-bit measurements and the pre-bit measurements.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定围绕钻井的地层钻孔的性质的方法，其使用在钻柱上向下流动的钻井流体在钻柱的端部钻出，通过钻头离开，并朝向地球表面返回 钻柱与钻孔周边之间的环形空间，包括以下步骤：在钻柱附近获得钻头附近的井下钻头样品，当钻柱接近钻头时; 在钻头附近获得钻孔附近的井下钻孔后的钻头样品，在钻头从其钻出之后夹带钻井泥土; 对前置位采样执行预位测量; 对后位采样进行后位测量; 以及从后位测量和前位测量确定地层的属性。
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18.发明授权Propagation based electromagnetic measurement of anisotropy using transverse or tilted magnetic dipoles 有权使用横向或倾斜磁偶极子的基于传播的各向异性电磁测量公开(公告)号：US06998844B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-14
申请号：US10249030
申请日：2003-03-11
IPC分类号： G01V3/10
CPC分类号： G01V3/30
摘要： Transverse or tilted magnetic dipole antenna systems are used for electromagnetic logging measurements to determine the anisotropic resistivity of subsurface formations. Combined measurements between transverse or tilted antennas, as well as axial antennas, are used to compensate for receiver antenna mismatch in the system. Some embodiments use model-based parametric inversion to estimate the anisotropic resistivity in the presence of invasion and shoulder-bed effects.
摘要翻译： 横向或倾斜的磁偶极天线系统用于电磁测井测量，以确定地下地层的各向异性电阻率。 使用横向或倾斜天线以及轴向天线之间的组合测量来补偿系统中的接收机天线不匹配。 一些实施例使用基于模型的参数反演来估计在存在入侵和肩膀效应的情况下的各向异性电阻率。
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公开(公告)号：US06963803B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-08
申请号：US10708012
申请日：2004-02-02
CPC分类号： G01V3/38
摘要： One or more high resolution logs of a formation property having thin beds is provided for the laminated formation. From this log, the bed boundaries are detected and the facies for each of the beds detected is identified, using one or more high resolution logs of the laminated formation. Each of the identified facies is then defined. One or more squared logs for formation property is then generated by using the imported volumetric descriptions of the facies to generate a value of the formation property for each of the beds. A reconstructed log is generated and compared with a low resolution log of the formation property for laminated formation. By adjusting the values of the squared log the difference between the reconstructed log and the squared log may be minimized. An optimized squared log is output as having the square log and the volumetric analyses thereon.
摘要翻译： 提供了一层或多层具有薄床层的地层特性的高分辨率测井。 从该日志中，检测床边界，并使用层压地层的一个或多个高分辨率测井来识别检测到的每个床的相。 然后定义每个识别的相。 然后通过使用引入的相的体积描述来生成用于形成性质的一个或多个平方的原木以产生每个床的地层性质的值。 生成重建的对数，并与层压成形的形成性质的低分辨率对数进行比较。 通过调整平方日志的值，重建日志和平方日志之间的差异可能被最小化。 优化的平方对数输出为具有平方对数和其上的体积分析。
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公开(公告)号：US06943697B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10157586
申请日：2002-05-28
IPC分类号： E21B7/06 , E21B23/00 , E21B23/14 , E21B29/06 , E21B33/13 , E21B47/024 , E21B47/12 , E21B49/00 , E21B49/10 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： E21B7/061 , E21B23/00 , E21B23/14 , E21B29/06 , E21B33/13 , E21B47/01 , E21B47/024 , E21B47/044 , E21B47/09 , E21B47/12 , E21B47/122 , E21B47/124 , E21B49/00 , E21B49/10
摘要： An apparatus and a method for controlling oilfield production to improve efficiency includes a remote sensing unit that is placed within a subsurface formation, an antenna structure for transmitting power and communicating signals to the remote sensing unit and for receiving communication signals from the remote sensor, a casing joint having nonconductive “windows” for allowing an internally located antenna to communicate with the remote sensing unit for those embodiments in which a wireline tool is being used to communicate with remote sensing unit, and a system for obtaining subsurface formation data and for producing the formation data to a central location for subsequent analysis. The remote sensing unit is a standalone sensor that is placed sufficiently far from the wellbore to reduce or eliminate effects that the wellbore might have on formation data samples taken by the remote sensing unit. The remote sensing unit is an active device with the capability of responding to control commands to determine certain subsurface formation characteristics such as pressure or temperature, and transmitting corresponding data values to a wellbore tool. Some embodiments of the remote sensing unit include a battery within its power supply. Other embodiments include a capacitor for storing charge. The embodiments that include the capacitor receive RF power that is converted to a DC signal for storing charge on the capacitor. The charged capacitor then acts as a power source to provide power to the internal circuitry of the remote sensing unit. When the charge is depleted to a specified point, the remote sensing unit stops transmitting to prompt the wellbore tool to transmit additional RF power to recharge the capacitor. This particular embodiment allows the remote sensing unit to be operable well after any charge of a battery would have been depleted rendering the remote sensing unit inoperable. An inventive method therefore includes providing RF power to the remote sensing unit to wake it up and to place it into an operational mode. The method further includes receiving modulated data values from the remote sensing unit that are then transmitted to the surface where operational decisions for the well may be made. In one embodiment of the invention, the subsurface formation data values are transmitted to a central location for analysis.
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