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    Continuous process for the production of lower alkyl esters
    11.
    发明授权
    Continuous process for the production of lower alkyl esters 失效
    用于生产低级烷基酯的连续方法

    公开(公告)号：US5514820A

    公开(公告)日：1996-05-07

    申请号：US191746

    申请日：1994-02-03

    申请人： Georg Assmann ,  Gerhard Blasey ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Jean Rigal ,  Rene Armengaud ,  Bernard Cormary

    发明人： Georg Assmann ,  Gerhard Blasey ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Jean Rigal ,  Rene Armengaud ,  Bernard Cormary

    IPC分类号： B01J19/24 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C11C3/04

    CPC分类号： B01J19/242 ,  C07C67/03 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00166 ,  B01J2219/00168 ,  B01J2219/00171

    摘要： The invention relates to a continuous process for the production of lower alkyl esters at temperatures of up to 100.degree. C. and under pressures of up to 10 bar by reaction of fatty acid triglycerides containing less than 1% free fatty acid with a lower alcohol in two stages in the presence of a homogeneous alkaline catalyst, the glycerol formed being removed after the first stage. To enable the process to be carried out with high yields and with lower maintenance, investment and energy costs than in the prior art, the reaction mixture is passed through a reactor and a following static separator only once in each stage, tube reactors are used as the reactors and the Reynolds number of the flow of the reaction mixture is greater than 2,300.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于在高达100℃的温度和高达10巴的压力下生产低级烷基酯的连续方法，其通过使含有少于1％游离脂肪酸的脂肪酸甘油三酯与低级醇的反应 在均相碱性催化剂存在的两个阶段，形成的甘油在第一阶段后被除去。 为了使该方法能够以比现有技术高的产率和较低的维护，投资和能量成本进行，反应混合物在每个阶段仅通过反应器和静态分离器仅一次，管式反应器用作 反应器和反应混合物流的雷诺数大于2,300。

    Recovery of tocopherols
    12.
    发明授权
    Recovery of tocopherols 失效
    恢复生育酚

    公开(公告)号：US5646311A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-08

    申请号：US654483

    申请日：1996-05-28

    申请人： Tracy K. Hunt ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Wilhelm Johannisbauer ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Volkmar Jordon ,  Herbert Wogatzki

    发明人： Tracy K. Hunt ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Wilhelm Johannisbauer ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Volkmar Jordon ,  Herbert Wogatzki

    IPC分类号： B01J31/02 ,  B01J31/08 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C07C67/54 ,  C07D311/72 ,  C07C69/24

    CPC分类号： C07D311/72 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C07C67/54

    摘要： Starting from a mixture containing tocopherol, fats and/or fat derivatives, more particularly fatty acids, and optionally sterol and/or sterol derivatives, the free fatty acids present in the mixture are esterified with an alcohol. The mixture is then transesterified with an alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst. After the transesterification, the excess lower alcohol is distilled off from the reaction mixture. The transesterification catalyst and the glycerol present, if any, are removed and the fatty acid alkyl ester is distilled off from the mixture. Distillation of fatty acid alkyl esters can be accomplished with a packed column in sequence with a wiped film evaporator. The simultaneous recovery of tocopherol and sterol is possible. Tocopherols and sterols can be separated by the crystallization of sterols from a blend of organic solvents.

    摘要翻译： 从含有生育酚，脂肪和/或脂肪衍生物，更特别是脂肪酸和任选的固醇和/或固醇衍生物的混合物开始，混合物中存在的游离脂肪酸被醇酯化。 然后将混合物在碱性催化剂存在下用醇酯交换。 酯交换后，从反应混合物中蒸馏出多余的低级醇。 酯交换催化剂和存在的甘油（如果有的话）被除去，并从混合物中蒸出脂肪酸烷基酯。 脂肪酸烷基酯的蒸馏可以用填充柱依次用擦膜蒸发器完成。 生育酚和甾醇的同时回收是可能的。 生育酚和甾醇可以通过固醇与有机溶剂的混合物的结晶分离。

    Process for the production of ammonium fatty acid hydroxyalkanesulfonates
    13.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of ammonium fatty acid hydroxyalkanesulfonates 失效
    生产铵型脂肪酸羟基烷基磺酸盐的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5473089A

    公开(公告)日：1995-12-05

    申请号：US227846

    申请日：1994-04-14

    申请人： Bernhard Gutsche ,  Timothy J. Cassady ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Gerhard Wollmann ,  Norman Milstein ,  Hans-Christian Raths

    发明人： Bernhard Gutsche ,  Timothy J. Cassady ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Gerhard Wollmann ,  Norman Milstein ,  Hans-Christian Raths

    IPC分类号： C07C303/32 ,  C07C309/12 ,  C07B45/00

    CPC分类号： C07C303/32

    摘要： Ammonium fatty acid hydroxyalkanesulfonates are made by a process in which (a) ammonium hydroxyalkanesulfonate corresponding to general formula (I):HO--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n)--SO.sub.3 NH.sub.4 (I)wherein n=2 to 4, is subjected to the esterification reaction with a fatty acid corresponding to the formula (II)R--COOH (II)wherein RCO is an aliphatic, linear or branched acyl radical containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms, in the presence of an esterification catalyst, characterized in that (a) before the esterification reaction, the starting compounds corresponding to formulae (I) and (II) are dried at a temperature of 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. and under a pressure of 100 to 700 mbar; (b) the esterification reaction is carried out at a temperature above 160.degree. C. to 195.degree. C. and under a pressure of 250 mbar to atmospheric pressure; (c) water of solution and water of reaction formed are directly removed from the reaction mixture; (d) the catalyst is neutralized with a base on completion of the reaction.

    摘要翻译： 脂肪酸羟基烷基磺酸铵通过以下方法制备：（a）对应于通式（I）的羟基链烷磺酸铵：其中n = 2至4的HO-（CnH2n）-SO3NH4（I）与脂肪进行酯化反应 对应于式（II）R-COOH（II）的酸，其中RCO是含有6至18个碳原子的脂族，直链或支链酰基，在酯化催化剂存在下，其特征在于（a）酯化反应 对应于式（I）和（II）的起始化合物在120℃至160℃的温度和100至700毫巴的压力下干燥; （b）酯化反应在160℃至195℃和250毫巴至大气压的压力下进行; （c）直接从反应混合物中除去所形成反应的溶液和水; （d）催化剂在反应完成时用碱中和。

    Recovery of tocopherol and sterol from tocopherol and sterol containing mixtures of fats and fat derivatives
    15.
    发明授权
    Recovery of tocopherol and sterol from tocopherol and sterol containing mixtures of fats and fat derivatives 失效
    从生育酚和含有脂肪和脂肪衍生物混合物的固醇中回收生育酚和固醇

    公开(公告)号：US5627289A

    公开(公告)日：1997-05-06

    申请号：US387933

    申请日：1995-02-27

    申请人： Lutz Jeromin ,  Wilhelm Johannisbauer ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Volkmar Jordan ,  Herbert Wogatzki

    发明人： Lutz Jeromin ,  Wilhelm Johannisbauer ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Volkmar Jordan ,  Herbert Wogatzki

    IPC分类号： A23L3/3544 ,  C07D311/72 ,  C07J9/00 ,  C07J75/00 ,  C11B3/02 ,  C11B7/00 ,  C11C3/10

    CPC分类号： A23L3/3544 ,  C07D311/72

    摘要： A process is provided for simultaneously recovering tocopherol and sterol from a mixture containing tocopherol, fats and/or fat derivatives, more particularly fatty acids, and sterol and/or sterol derivatives, more particularly from a steamer distillate of natural oils and fats. The steps of said process comprise:free fatty acids present in the mixture are esterified with a lower alcohol, preferably methanol, 0.4 to 1.6 and more particularly 1 to 1.5 parts by volume of mixture being esterified with 1 part by volume of the lower alcohol,the mixture is subsequently transesterified with the lower alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst,the excess lower alcohol is distilled off from the reaction mixture after the transesterification,the transesterification catalyst and the glycerol optionally present are removed, more particularly by washing,the fatty acid alkyl ester is distilled off from the mixture, more particularly after removal of the transesterification catalyst, andif desired, tocopherol and sterol are separated by methods known per se. After the transesterification reaction, the alkali catalyst is preferably neutralized with an inorganic acid and the mixture is then washed with water.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 02207 Sec。 371日期：1995年2月27日 102（e）1995年2月27日PCT PCT 1993年8月18日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 00650 PCT 日期1994年5月17日提供了一种从含有生育酚，脂肪和/或脂肪衍生物，特别是脂肪酸和甾醇和/或固醇衍生物的混合物中同时回收生育酚和固醇的方法，更特别是来自天然油的蒸馏馏分和 脂肪 所述方法的步骤包括：混合物中存在的游离脂肪酸用低级醇优选甲醇酯化，优选甲醇为0.4至1.6，更特别为1至1.5体积份的混合物与1体积份低级醇酯化， 该混合物随后在碱性催化剂的存在下与低级醇进行酯交换，在酯交换反应后，从反应混合物中蒸出过量的低级醇，任选存在的酯交换催化剂和甘油被去除，更特别是通过洗涤除去脂肪 从混合物中蒸馏掉酸性烷基酯，更特别是在除去酯交换催化剂后，如果需要，通过本身已知的方法分离生育酚和固醇。 酯交换反应后，碱催化剂优选用无机酸中和，然后将混合物用水洗涤。

    Bubble reaction using vapor permeation
    16.
    发明授权
    Bubble reaction using vapor permeation 失效
    气泡反应使用蒸汽渗透

    公开(公告)号：US5427687A

    公开(公告)日：1995-06-27

    申请号：US960459

    申请日：1992-12-15

    申请人： Stephan Blum ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Levent Yueksel

    发明人： Stephan Blum ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Lutz Jeromin ,  Levent Yueksel

    IPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D53/26 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07C67/08 ,  C07C67/48 ,  C07C69/14 ,  C07C69/24 ,  B01D61/36

    CPC分类号： B01D53/268 ,  B01D53/22 ,  B01J19/245 ,  B01J19/2465 ,  B01J19/2475 ,  C07C67/08 ,  B01J2219/00108 ,  B01J2219/00126

    摘要： Process for carrying out an equilibrium reaction in which one or more products are separated off by vapor permeation comprising the steps of:A) forming a reaction mixture comprising the reactants to be reacted in at least one reaction zone at a reaction temperature and reaction pressure selected so as to provide a reaction temperature above the boiling temperature of at least the product or products to be removed, wherein at least the product or products to be removed enters the resulting vapor phase in vapor form;B) passing the vapor phase containing the product or products to be removed to a zone remote from the reaction zone, which remote zone contains a semi-permeable membrane permeable to the product or products to be removed;C) carrying out vapor permeation in said remote zone to remove at least a portion of the product or products to be removed from said vapor phase; andD) returning the resulting vapor retentate from step C) to a reaction zone in step A). The process is especially useful in carrying out esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP91 / 01050 Sec。 371日期：1992年12月15日 102（e）1992年12月15日PCT PCT 1991年6月6日PCT公布。 公开号WO91 / 19559 1991年12月26日。用于进行平衡反应的方法，其中一种或多种产物通过蒸汽渗透分离，包括以下步骤：A）形成包含在至少一个反应区中反应的反应物的反应混合物 选择反应温度和反应压力以提供高于至少要除去的产物或沸点的沸点温度的反应温度，其中至少要被除去的产物或产物进入蒸气形式的所得气相; B）将含有待除去的产品或产品的气相通过到远离反应区的区域，该远程区域包含可渗透待除去的产品的半透膜; C）在所述远程区域中进行蒸气渗透以去除要从所述气相中除去的产物或产物的至少一部分; 和D）在步骤A）中将得到的蒸气滞留物从步骤C）返回到反应区。 该方法在羧酸和醇之间的酯化反应中特别有用。

    Process for the production of fatty acid alkyl esters
    17.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of fatty acid alkyl esters 失效
    生产脂肪酸烷基酯的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08580986B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-11-12

    申请号：US12304078

    申请日：2007-05-16

    申请人： Eric Dubreucq ,  Albrecht Weiss ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Bernd Fabry ,  Guy Moulin

    发明人： Eric Dubreucq ,  Albrecht Weiss ,  Bernhard Gutsche ,  Bernd Fabry ,  Guy Moulin

    IPC分类号： C11C3/00 ,  C12P7/64

    CPC分类号： C12P7/649 ,  A23K10/10 ,  C10L1/026 ,  C11C3/003 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02E50/17

    摘要： Disclosed is an improved process for the production of fatty acid lower alkyl esters according to formula (I) R1CO—OR2  (I) in which R1CO represents a linear or branched acyl moiety having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds and wherein R2 is a linear or branched alkyl moiety having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, by transesterification of triglycerides or fatty acid esters using C1-C6 aliphatic alcohols, which includes the steps of (a) providing an aqueous mixture of aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol by fermenting in a first reactor a carbon source comprising carbohydrates and/or glycerol produce a fermentation broth comprising said aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol, (b) providing in a second reactor a triglyceride and/or an ester of a fatty acid, together with a biocatalyst capable of effecting a transesterification reaction, (c) transferring said aqueous aliphatic C1-C6 alcohol mixture obtained from said first reactor into said second reactor to provide a two-phase system, and (d) effecting the transesterification reaction to produce said fatty acid lower alkyl ester and a glycerol- or alcohol-containing aqueous phase. The products thus obtained are particularly useful as components of the fuel known as biodiesel.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的式（I）R1CO-OR2（I）的脂肪酸低级烷基酯的制备方法，其中R 1 CO表示具有约6至约22个碳原子且0至6个双键的直链或支链酰基部分 并且其中R 2是具有1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基部分，通过使用C 1 -C 6脂族醇进行甘油三酯或脂肪酸酯的酯交换反应，其包括以下步骤：（a）提供脂族C 1 -C 6 醇通过在第一反应器中发酵包含碳水化合物和/或甘油的碳源产生包含所述脂族C 1 -C 6醇的发酵液，（b）在第二反应器中提供甘油三酯和/或脂肪酸酯，以及 能够进行酯交换反应的生物催化剂，（c）将从所述第一反应器获得的脂族C 1 -C 6醇混合物混合物转移到所述第二反应器中以提供两相体系，和（d） g的酯交换反应以产生所述脂肪酸低级烷基酯和含甘油或醇的水相。 这样得到的产物特别适用于称为生物柴油的燃料的组分。

    Lipophilic Preparations
    18.
    发明申请
    Lipophilic Preparations 审中-公开
    亲脂性制剂

    公开(公告)号：US20110089370A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-04-21

    申请号：US12672705

    申请日：2008-08-01

    申请人： Bernhard Gutsche ,  Ulrich Schörken ,  Albrecht Weiss ,  Bernd Fabry

    发明人： Bernhard Gutsche ,  Ulrich Schörken ,  Albrecht Weiss ,  Bernd Fabry

    IPC分类号： C12P7/64 ,  C09K3/00

    CPC分类号： C12P7/6463 ,  C11C3/003

    摘要： Disclosed are novel lipophilic preparations comprising (a) from 20 to 40% by weight of myristic acid or esters thereof, (b) from 20 to 40% by weight of palmitic acid or esters thereof, (c) from 0.1 to 5% by weight of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and (d) less than 20% by weight of carboxylic acids or esters thereof having 12 and fewer carbons in the acyl moiety and (e) less than 20% by weight of carboxylic acids or esters thereof having 16 and more carbons in the acyl moiety, with the proviso that all percentages add up to 100% by weight.

    摘要翻译： 公开了新的亲脂性制剂，其包含（a）20至40重量％的肉豆蔻酸或其酯，（b）20至40重量％的棕榈酸或其酯，（c）0.1至5重量％ 的脂族和/或脂环族烃和（d）少于20重量％的在酰基部分中具有12个或更少碳原子的羧酸或其酯，和（e）少于20重量％的具有16个碳原子的羧酸或其酯 和酰基部分中的更多碳，条件是所有百分比加起来为100重量％。