Abstract:
Provided is an apparatus for preparing polybutadiene which may improve productivity by minimizing a plugging phenomenon occurred during the preparation of polybutadiene and increasing a conversion rate. The apparatus for preparing polybutadiene includes two first polymerization reactors arranged in parallel to reduce the plugging phenomenon in which butadiene (reaction raw material), a polymerization catalyst, and a solvent are respectively supplied and polymerized, at least one second polymerization reactor arranged in series with the first polymerization reactors in which a first polymerization solution containing a butadiene polymer discharged from the first polymerization reactors is supplied and a butadiene polymerization reaction is performed, and one or more condensers which condense gases discharged from the first polymerization reactors and the second polymerization reactor and supply a condensate to the first polymerization reactors and/or the second polymerization reactor.
Abstract:
A high-pressure melamine reactor is provided. The high-pressure melamine reactor comprising at least one horizontal reactor body having a bottom and a top side with at least one dome integrally formed on the top side of the reactor body. The at least one horizontal reactor body comprises at least two compartments separated by at least one baffle, in particular an overflow baffle. The at least one dome is solely located above at least one of the compartments serving as melamine synthesis unit, wherein the at least one compartment serving as melamine synthesis unit comprises at least one heating element.
Abstract:
Compounds, synthesis of, and methods for synthesizing metal alkoxide derivatives; and metal alkoxide derivatives for use as flame retardants are described. Group 13 metal alkoxides having flame retardant properties may be prepared by reacting the group 13 metal trihydroxide with an alcohol.
Abstract:
An apparatus is provided for carrying out a cavitation induced reaction comprising a reaction chamber for a liquid reaction medium, means for producing cavitation in the liquid reaction medium, at least one reactant inlet to the reaction chamber, an inert gas inlet conduit with a sparger for injecting a flowing stream of dry inert gas into the reaction chamber, a venting outlet for removal of a stream of the inert gas from the reaction chamber, and a recirculation conduit for re-circulating a stream of the inert gas from the venting outlet to the inert gas inlet conduit.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is an optimization method in a polymerization system in which heat is generated during the polymerization with an initiator. The optimization method includes the steps of measuring the heat generation amount based on the composition of the initiator in the polymerization system to previously set the relationship between the initiator composition and the heat generation amount, measuring the heat removal amount based on the temperature of a coolant in a cooling system of the polymerization system to previously set the relationship between the coolant temperature and the heat removal amount, calculating the initiator composition allowable at a predetermined coolant temperature to previously set the relationship between the coolant temperature and the initiator composition, and measuring the temperature of the coolant before and/or during the polymerization to adjust the composition of the initiator added at the measured temperature to the optimum condition, thereby decreasing the reaction time, and therefore, improving the productivity.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a novel process which comprises feeding a mixture formed from diphenylethane and bromine to a stirrable reaction mass comprised of bromine and a bromination catalyst to yield a decabromodiphenylethane wet cake which can be most economicaly treated to provide a high quality decabromodiphenylethane product.
Abstract:
This invention relates to methods for controlling the oxidation of hydrocarbons to intermediate oxidation products, such as adipic acid for example, by removing the catalyst from the reaction mixture, outside the reaction zone, after the oxidation has taken place at least partially. The catalyst is at least partially precipitated by reducing the water level in the reaction mixture and subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature, at which or over which catalyst precipitates.
Abstract:
A method for controlling reaction temperature for a reaction vessel having a flow channel for a heat transfer medium for heating or cooling or both when vinyl chloride-based monomer is polymerized in an aqueous medium, which entails employing two or more independent flow channels and feeding two or more coolants having different temperatures to the independent flow channels to thereby cool the reaction vessel.
Abstract:
A polymerization apparatus equipped with a circuit made up of a polymerization vessel, a heat exchanger placed outside said polymerization vessel, and a circulation pipeline extending from said polymerization vessel and returning to said polymerization vessel through said heat exchanger, a branch pipeline being connected to said circulation pipeline through a ball valve comprising a spherical valve element and a valve body for housing said spherical valve element, wherein the valve body of said ball valve is joined directly to said circulation pipeline, and a method of producing a polymer of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond by using said apparatus. Scale and polymers in the form of blocks can be prevented from mixing with the reaction mixture. Therefore, where the obtained polymer is formed into a sheet or the like, the fish eyes can be decreased, and if the polymerization is repeated, clogging of the tubes of the heat exchanger and drop in the flow velocity of the reaction mixture can be prevented.
Abstract:
A process and plant are disclosed for the manufacture of particulate or liquid elastomeric polymers suitable for the manufacture of a wide variety of commercial elastomers, substantially in the absence of water for purifying and particulating the elastomer.