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11.发明授权Strictly non-blocking wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) cross-connect device 有权严格无阻塞波分复用（WDM）交叉连接设备公开(公告)号：US06535310B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-18
申请号：US09471641
申请日：1999-12-23
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0011
摘要： The present invention provides a strictly non-blocking WDM cross-connect that utilizes a relatively small number of wavelength interchangers. The cross-connect of the present invention comprises two fabrics and one or more wavelength interchangers that interconnect the fabrics. The fabrics are either pathwise strictly non-blocking or pathwise wide-sense non-blocking. In the former case, the WDM cross-connect is strictly non-blocking, i.e., both pathwise and wavelength strictly non-blocking. In the latter case, the cross-connect is wavelength strictly non-blocking and is pathwise wide-sense non-blocking, i.e., a routing algorithm is required to ensure that any sequence of connection requests and withdrawals can be routed without disturbing any currently routed requests. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-connect is strictly non-blocking and comprises a minimum number of wavelength interchangers, namely, 2k−1, where k is a positive integer equal to the number of input fibers and to the number of output fibers of the cross-connect. The cross-connect is capable of providing a route for any sequence of connection requests and withdrawals without having to disturb any currently routed requests and without the need for a routing algorithm.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种使用相对较少数量的波长交换器的严格无阻塞WDM交叉连接。 本发明的交叉连接包括互连织物的两个织物和一个或多个波长交换器。 织物是路径严格无阻塞或路径广义无阻塞。 在前一种情况下，WDM交叉连接是严格无阻塞的，即路径方向和波长严格无阻塞。 在后一种情况下，交叉连接是波长严格无阻塞的，并且是路径广义无阻塞，即需要路由算法以确保可以路由任何连接请求和提取序列，而不会干扰任何当前路由 要求。 根据本发明的优选实施例，交叉连接是严格无阻塞的，并且包括最小数量的波长互换器，即2k-1，其中k是等于输入光纤数量的正整数，并且 交叉连接的输出光纤的数量。 交叉连接能够提供任何连接请求和提取序列的路由，而不必打扰任何当前路由的请求，而不需要路由算法。
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公开(公告)号：US5898156A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-27
申请号：US697753
申请日：1996-08-29
CPC分类号： H04N1/32133 , G06F21/64 , G06K9/00154 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/3269
摘要： The present invention describes a validation stamp for protecting the integrity of a signature affixed to an electronic document. The validation stamp of the present invention includes a validation body and a validation signature. The validation stamp is affixed to a signed document having a document body and a document signature. The document signature and the validation signature are derived from an electronic signature defined by geometric and timing information. Specifically, the validation signature includes the timing information, and possibly the geometric information, of the electronic signature, whereas the document signature includes the geometric information, and not the timing information, of the electronic signature. To verify the integrity of the signature on the electronic document, the validation signature is first decrypted and then compared, along with the document signature, against the signed document and geometric and timing information of a signature known for the authorized signator of the electronic document.
摘要翻译： 本发明描述了一种用于保护贴在电子文档上的签名的完整性的验证戳。 本发明的验证印章包括验证机构和验证签名。 验证戳贴在具有文档正文和文档签名的签名文档中。 文件签名和验证签名从由几何和定时信息定义的电子签名导出。 具体地，验证签名包括电子签名的定时信息和可能的几何信息，而文档签名包括电子签名的几何信息而不是时间信息。 为了验证电子文档上的签名的完整性，验证签名首先被解密，然后与文档签名相对于电子文档的授权签名者已知的签名的文档和签名的几何和定时信息进行比较。
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公开(公告)号：US07944859B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-17
申请号：US12398203
申请日：2009-03-05
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L12/462 , H04L41/145 , H04L45/18 , H04L45/22 , H04L45/28 , H04L45/48 , H04L45/70
摘要： A network design method for Ethernet-type networks exhibiting capacities sufficient for operation during normal periods as well those as periods when a single node or link has failed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于以太网型网络的网络设计方法，其表现出在正常周期内足够运行的能力以及当单个节点或链路出现故障时的周期。
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公开(公告)号：US07653306B2
公开(公告)日：2010-01-26
申请号：US11434919
申请日：2006-05-16
IPC分类号： H04J14/00
CPC分类号： H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0241 , H04J14/0284 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0052 , H04Q2011/006
摘要： Transmissive WSS-based mesh nodes of degree N, N≧3, includes N node port apparatuses connected to provide a multiple wavelength channel signal with reciprocal connectivity between the N node ports. Each node port apparatus has an input port and N−1 output ports and comprises either (1) a coupler connected to said input port and having N−1 outputs, (2) a transmissive 1×(N−1) WSS connected to said input port and responsive to a control signal C for establishing a switching connection to one of its N−1 outputs, or (3) a coupler connected to said input port and having X+1 outputs including one output connected to an input of a transmissive 1×Y WSS having Y outputs, where X+Y equals N−1, the sum of the remaining X outputs of the coupler and the Y outputs of the transmissive 1×Y WSS being the N−1 output ports of the node port apparatus. Each of the N−1 output ports from each node port apparatus is connected to a different output port of each of the other N−1 node port apparatuses such that a connection made from one input port of a node port apparatus to an input port of a different node port apparatus always passes through only one WSS and at least one coupler, the connection being established in response to a control signal applied to said one WSS.
摘要翻译： N，N> = 3的基于WSS的跨网格节点包括连接的N个节点端口设备，以提供N个节点端口之间的互连连接的多个波长信道信号。 每个节点端口装置具有输入端口和N-1个输出端口，并且包括（1）连接到所述输入端口并具有N-1个输出的耦合器，（2）连接到所述输入端的透射1x（N-1）WSS 端口，并且响应于控制信号C，用于建立到其N-1个输出之一的切换连接，或（3）连接到所述输入端口的耦合器，并具有包括连接到透射1xY的输入的一个输出的X + 1输出 具有Y输出的WSS，其中X + Y等于N-1，耦合器的剩余X输出和作为节点端口设备的N-1个输出端口的透传1xY WSS的Y输出的和。 来自各节点端口装置的N-1个输出端口中的每一个连接到每个其它N-1个节点端口装置的不同的输出端口，使得从节点端口装置的一个输入端口到 不同的节点端口设备总是仅通过一个WSS和至少一个耦合器，响应于施加到所述一个WSS的控制信号来建立该连接。
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15.发明授权Routing method for ring networks, such as WDM ring networks for optical communication 失效用于环形网络的路由方法，如用于光通信的WDM环网公开(公告)号：US06381046B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-30
申请号：US09234826
申请日：1999-01-21
IPC分类号： H04B1020
CPC分类号： H04J14/0283 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0245 , H04J14/0249
摘要： We disclose a method for routing a set of demands in a ring network that comprises nodes interconnected by directed links, in which each demand may be routed clockwise or counterclockwise. According to our method, a linear program is solved to obtain a set of routing variables that minimize an objective function. Each routing variable corresponds to a respective one of the demands, and has a value, exemplarily, on the closed interval from 0 to 1. A value of 1 signifies, e.g., clockwise routing, and a value of 0 signifies counterclockwise routing. The objective function describes the value of a load, defined on each link and maximized over all links of the network, so that a solution of the linear program provides a minimum value of the maximized load. The method further comprises rounding the routing variables so that the value of each routing variable falls at 1 or 0. This rounding is carried out such that the maximized load does not exceed the previously-obtained minimum value of the maximized load. The method further comprises routing each of the demands clockwise or counterclockwise, in accordance with the value of its respective routing variable.
摘要翻译： 我们公开了一种在环网中路由一组需求的方法，该环网包括通过定向链路互连的节点，其中每个需求可以顺时针或逆时针路由。 根据我们的方法，求解线性程序以获得最小化目标函数的一组路由变量。 每个路由变量对应于需求中的相应一个，并且具有例如从0到1的关闭间隔的值。值1表示例如顺时针路由，值0表示逆时针路由。 目标函数描述了在每个链路上定义并在网络的所有链路上最大化的负载的值，使得线性程序的解决方案提供了最大负载的最小值。 该方法还包括对路由变量进行四舍五入，使得每个路由选择变量的值落在1或0.这种舍入被执行为使得最大负载不超过先前获得的最大负载的最小值。 该方法还包括根据其各自的路由变量的值顺序或逆时针地布置每个需求。
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公开(公告)号：US20070269211A1
公开(公告)日：2007-11-22
申请号：US11434938
申请日：2006-05-16
IPC分类号： H04J14/00
CPC分类号： H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0209 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0213 , H04J14/0216 , H04J14/0217 , H04J14/0241 , H04J14/0284 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0052
摘要： Reflective WSS-based mesh nodes of degree N (i.e., nodes having N ports, where 3
摘要翻译： N级的反射WSS网格节点（即，具有N个端口的节点，其中3 <= N <= 6）被连接以提供在N个节点端口之间具有相互连接的多个波长信道信号。 使用反射式1xK WSS来实现度数3和4的基于WSS的网格节点，其中K至少等于3N-6。 还描述了分区度4网格节点和二维度4网格节点。 对于4级网格节点，使用一个或多个1x2定向耦合器。 5级和-6级节点通过强制对称需求约束来设计，分别需要5个1x4的WSS和6个1x5的WSS。 基于WSS的3到-6网格节点提供了减小的尺寸和成本。
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17.发明授权Method and apparatus for exchanging routing information in a packet-based data network 失效在基于分组的数据网络中交换路由信息的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06728779B1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-27
申请号：US09583595
申请日：2000-05-31
IPC分类号： G06F15173
CPC分类号： H04L45/02
摘要： Routing information is exchanged between edge routers in different autonomous systems that independently define their routing policies. A Simple Path Vector Protocol extends the prior art Border Gateway Protocol in a manner that is guaranteed to converge by adding a new attribute to the routing messages sent by an edge router to its peers in the different systems. This attribute is a path history, which is dynamically computed at each router as the routing path to a particular destination is changed. The path history attribute is sent in a routing message by a router to its peers together with the sending router's path to that destination. By observing the dynamic path history that is computed at a router as a received routing message from a peer router that contains a history attribute is processed, a cycle can be identified in the newly computed history and associated with a policy conflict at that receiving router's associated autonomous system. A path whose history contains a cycle is automatically suppressed as a permitted path to that destination.
摘要翻译： 路由信息在独立定义其路由策略的不同自治系统中的边缘路由器之间进行交换。 简单路径向量协议以通过向边缘路由器向不同系统中的对等体发送的路由消息添加新属性来保证收敛的方式来扩展现有技术的边界网关协议。 该属性是一个路径历史，它是在每个路由器上动态计算的，因为到特定目的地的路由路径被改变。 路由历史属性由路由器发送到其对等体的路由消息中以及发送路由器到该目的地的路径。 通过观察在路由器处计算出的动态路径历史，因为来自包含历史属性的对等路由器的接收到的路由消息被处理，可以在新计算的历史中识别一个周期并与该接收路由器的相关联的策略冲突相关联 自治系统。 历史记录包含循环的路径将自动抑制为该目标的允许路径。
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公开(公告)号：US06532090B1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-11
申请号：US09467429
申请日：2000-02-28
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0052 , H04Q2011/0075
摘要： A wavelength division multiplex (WDM) cross-connect architecture that can selectively cross-connect, at a wavelength granularity, wavelength channels from any of a plurality of input WDM optical facilities (e.g., fibers) to any of a plurality of output WDM optical facilities. The architecture is based on multi-wavelength modules, which are capable of routing simultaneously N wavelengths. The number of required modules scales only with k2 or less (i.e., k2 modules with N complexity), where k is the number of input/output fibers. The significant reduction in complexity is traded for a decrease in blocking performance; one of the disclosed architectures is strictly non-blocking in the space domain and rearrangeably non-blocking in the wavelength domain, whereas two others are rearrangeably non-blocking in both the wavelength and space domain. Since the wavelength channels are optically multiplexed in the interconnection fibers, only a small number of optical amplifiers are needed to compensate for the inevitable transmission loss in the interconnection fabric.
摘要翻译： 波分复用（WDM）交叉连接体系结构，其可以波长粒度选择性地将多个输入WDM光学设备（例如，光纤）中的任一个的波长信道交叉到多个输出WDM光学设备中的任何一个 。 该架构基于多波长模块，能够同时路由N个波长。 所需模块的数量只有k2或更小（即，具有N个复杂度的k2个模块）才能缩放，其中k是输入/输出光纤的数量。 复杂性的显着降低是阻止性能下降的交易; 所公开的架构之一在空间域中是严格非阻塞的，并且在波长域中可重新排列为非阻塞，而另外两个在波长和空间域中都是可重新排列的非阻塞的。 由于波长通道在互连光纤中被光学多路复用，所以仅需要少量光放大器来补偿互连结构中的不可避免的传输损耗。
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公开(公告)号：US5940511A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-17
申请号：US866463
申请日：1997-05-30
CPC分类号： G07F7/1016 , G06Q20/4012 , G07F7/10
摘要： A method and apparatus for secure entry and authentication of a multi-digit personal identification number (PIN) is described. An authenticator generates a random number, and provides that number, or a function thereof, to a user. The user is prompted to encode each digit of the PIN number, one digit at a time, by performing a mathematical operation on the digit using the number provided by the authenticator. The encoded PIN digit is provided to the authenticator which reverses the steps performed by the user to regenerate and verify the user's PIN. The user is prompted to encode subsequent digits of the PIN only after (1) a previous digit is encoded, (2) the encoded digit is provided to an input device for the authenticator, (3) and a new random number is generated and that random number, or a function thereeof, is provided to the user for encoding a subsequent PIN digit.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于多位个人识别号码（PIN）的安全输入和认证的方法和装置。 认证者产生随机数，并向用户提供该号码或其功能。 通过使用由认证者提供的号码对数字进行数学运算，提示用户对PIN号码的每个数字一次一个数字进行编码。 经编码的PIN码被提供给认证者，其反转用户执行的步骤以重新生成和验证用户的PIN。 提示用户仅在（1）先前的数字被编码之后（2）将编码的数字提供给用于认证者的输入设备，（3）并且生成新的随机数，并且生成新的随机数，并且生成新的随机数 随机数或一个函数thereeof被提供给用户对后续PIN数字进行编码。
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公开(公告)号：US5754652A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-19
申请号：US356017
申请日：1994-12-14
CPC分类号： G07F7/1016 , G06Q20/4012 , G07F7/10
摘要： A method for sequentially encrypting the digits of a personal identification number, and an apparatus for practicing the method, are disclosed. According to the method, a random number is generated and supplied to a user requesting access to a system. The user encrypts a digit of his personal identification number by performing a function on the random number and the digit and then provides the encrypted digit to a verification system. A second random number is then generated, provided to the user, applied to encrypt another digit of the user's personal identification number and then input to the verification system. The dialogue between verification system and the user continues, digit by digit, until each digit of the personal identification number has been provided to the verification system in encrypted form. The verification system then compares the encrypted input with the user's personal identification number accessed from memory.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于顺序加密个人识别号码的数字的方法和用于实施该方法的装置。 根据该方法，生成随机数并将其提供给请求访问系统的用户。 用户通过对随机数字和数字执行功能来加密他的个人识别码的数字，然后将加密的数字提供给验证系统。 然后，生成第二个随机数，提供给用户，用于加密用户的个人识别号码的另一个数字，然后输入到验证系统。 验证系统和用户之间的对话逐个继续，直到个人识别号码的每个数字已经以加密形式提供给验证系统。 然后，验证系统将加密的输入与从存储器访问的用户的个人识别号进行比较。
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