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11.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07867466B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-11
申请号：US11978503
申请日：2007-10-29
IPC分类号： C01B21/072 , B32B9/00 , B32B15/04 , H01L31/062 , B05D3/04 , C30B23/00 , C04B35/00
CPC分类号： C23C26/02 , B32B15/04 , C23C2/26 , C23C8/02 , H01L21/318 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Means for a thermally conductive and electrically insulating material 1 containing an AlN crystal 150 mainly comprising AlN, and a production method thereof. In production, a molten aluminum layer is formed on an AlN substrate 11 with at least its surface comprising AlN in an atmosphere of a non-oxidizing gas, and the molten aluminum layer is then heated in an atmosphere of N2 gas to form an AlN crystal 150 which mainly comprises an AlN layer 125. The means are also a thermally conductive and electrically insulating material having an AlN crystal and an Al gradient layer, and a production method thereof. In production, a heating step of forming a molten aluminum layer 15 on the AlN layer 125 and heating it in an atmosphere of N2 gas is repeated at least twice or more. At this time, the amount of the N2 gas dissolved in the molten aluminum layer is decreased as the heating step is repeated.
摘要翻译： 含有主要包含AlN的AlN晶体150的导热和电绝缘材料1的方法及其制备方法。 在制造中，在AlN基板11上形成熔融铝层，至少在AlN的表面包含非氧化性气体的AlN，然后在N 2气氛中加热熔融铝层，形成AlN晶体 150，其主要包括AlN层125.该装置也是具有AlN晶体和Al梯度层的导热和电绝缘材料及其制造方法。 在生产中，在AlN层125上形成熔融铝层15并在N 2气氛中加热的加热步骤重复至少两次以上。 此时，随着加热步骤重复，溶解在熔融铝层中的N 2气体的量减少。
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公开(公告)号：US07073331B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-11
申请号：US11132669
申请日：2005-05-19
IPC分类号： F01B1/00
CPC分类号： F01K27/005
摘要： In a steam engine having a heating device, a cooling device, and an output device, the output device comprises a piston reciprocally moving by a self-excited fluid vibration of a working fluid in a fluid container. The piston is reciprocally moved by the output device for a certain period before starting an operation of the steam engine, so that the working fluid is moved to an inside space of the heating device. Since the working fluid is surely heated and vaporized by the heating device, the fluid vibration is stably started, and as a result, the operation of the steam engine can be smoothly started.
摘要翻译： 在具有加热装置，冷却装置和输出装置的蒸汽机中，输出装置包括通过流体容器中的工作流体的自激流体振动往复运动的活塞。 在开始蒸汽发动机的运转之前，活塞由输出装置往复移动一定时间，使得工作流体移动到加热装置的内部空间。 由于工作流体被加热装置确实地加热和蒸发，因此能够稳定地开始流体振动，结果能够平稳地开始蒸汽发动机的运转。
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公开(公告)号：US20050257526A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-24
申请号：US11132669
申请日：2005-05-19
CPC分类号： F01K27/005
摘要： In a steam engine having a heating device, a cooling device, and an output device, the output device comprises a piston reciprocally moving by a self-excited fluid vibration of a working fluid in a fluid container. The piston is reciprocally moved by the output device for a certain period before starting an operation of the steam engine, so that the working fluid is moved to an inside space of the heating device. Since the working fluid is surely heated and vaporized by the heating device, the fluid vibration is stably started, and as a result, the operation of the steam engine can be smoothly started.
摘要翻译： 在具有加热装置，冷却装置和输出装置的蒸汽发动机中，输出装置包括通过流体容器中的工作流体的自激流体振动往复运动的活塞。 在开始蒸汽发动机的运转之前，活塞由输出装置往复移动一定时间，使得工作流体移动到加热装置的内部空间。 由于工作流体被加热装置确实地加热和蒸发，因此能够稳定地开始流体振动，结果能够平稳地开始蒸汽发动机的运转。
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公开(公告)号：US5701743A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-30
申请号：US722873
申请日：1996-09-26
CPC分类号： F25B9/145 , F25B2309/1411 , F25B2309/1417 , F25B2309/14241
摘要： To improve cooling efficiency of a pulse tube refrigerator, it is found that creating two conditions in the refrigerator, particularly in a regenerator is effective. In a first condition, working fluid in the regenerator should be compressed or expanded without having any displacement thereof, while it should be displaced without compression or expansion in a second condition. In order to realize this idea, a fluid displacement control valve assembly including two relief valves is disposed between a pulse tube and a buffer tank. Each of the relief valves is a normally closed one-way valve, and the valves open in opposite directions to one another when a pressure difference between the pulse tube and the buffer tank reaches a predetermined value, thus allowing the working fluid to be displaced after its compression from the pulse tube to the buffer tank and after its expansion from the buffer tank to the pulse tube. Further, an electro-magnetic valve is installed in parallel with a set of the regenerator and the pulse tube. The electro-magnetic valve is controlled so that it opens or closes in an alternate timing with the fluid displacement control valve assembly, thus making it possible to pressurize the working fluid from both ends of the set of the regenerator and the pulse tube and to bring a cool end portion which cools off an article to be cooled to a neighborhood of a nodal point of a standing wave generated by a compressor.
摘要翻译： 为了提高脉冲管制冷机的冷却效率，发现在冰箱，特别是在再生器中产生两个条件是有效的。 在第一条件下，再生器中的工作流体应当被压缩或膨胀而不会有任何位移，而在第二个状态下，工作流体应该被压缩或膨胀。 为了实现这个想法，在脉冲管和缓冲罐之间设置包括两个溢流阀的流体位移控制阀组件。 每个安全阀是常闭单向阀，当脉冲管和缓冲罐之间的压力差达到预定值时，阀门彼此相反的方向打开，从而允许工作流体在 其从脉冲管压缩到缓冲罐，并从缓冲罐膨胀到脉冲管。 此外，与一组再生器和脉冲管并联安装电磁阀。 控制电磁阀使其与流体排量控制阀组件在交替的定时打开或关闭，从而使得可以从再生器组和脉冲管两端的工作流体加压，并带来 冷却的端部将冷却的物品冷却到由压缩机产生的驻波的节点附近。
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公开(公告)号：US5105918A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US424854
申请日：1989-10-23
IPC分类号： B60G17/018 , F16F9/46
CPC分类号： F16F9/463 , B60G17/018 , B60G2400/204 , B60G2400/60 , B60G2401/10 , B60G2500/10 , B60G2600/02 , B60G2600/14
摘要： A damping force detecting apparatus for detecting a damping force of a variable damping force type shock absorber including a cylinder and a piston slidably inserted thereinto. The damping force detecting apparatus comprises a piezoelectric element assembly for generating a charge corresponding to a pressure applied thereto and a pressurizing device for pressurizing the piezoelectric element assembly. The piezoelectric element assembly has a diameter smaller than a cylindrical piston rod fixedly secured to the piston and is housed therein. The pressurizing device is screwed into the piston rod so as to be in contact relation to the piezoelectric element assembly for pressurizing the piezoelectric element assembly in correspondance with a distortion of the piston rod generated in the sliding directions of the piston with respect to the cylinder due to expanding and contracting action of the shock absorber.
摘要翻译： 一种用于检测包括可滑动地插入其中的气缸和活塞的可变阻尼力型减震器的阻尼力的阻尼力检测装置。 阻尼力检测装置包括用于产生对应于其施加的压力的电荷的压电元件组件和用于对压电元件组件加压的加压装置。 压电元件组件的直径小于固定在活塞上并被容纳在其中的圆柱形活塞杆。 加压装置被拧入活塞杆，以便与压电元件组件接触，以便相应于在活塞的滑动方向上相对于气缸产生的活塞杆的变形而对压电元件组件加压 减震器的膨胀和收缩作用。
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公开(公告)号：US07503176B2
公开(公告)日：2009-03-17
申请号：US11070031
申请日：2005-03-01
IPC分类号： F01K1/00
摘要： A liquid pump for circulating working fluid (water) in a Rankine cycle comprises a U-shaped fluid vessel having a bending pipe portion and a pair of straight pipe portions, wherein a heating device and a cooling device are provided at one of the straight pipe portions for heating and cooling the water in the fluid vessel. The liquid pump further has a discharge pipe portion and an inlet pipe portion, and check valves are respectively provided in the discharge and inlet pipe portions. The water is vaporized by a heating operation of the heating device to increase pressure of the working fluid in the pump, so that the working fluid is discharged. The vaporized working fluid is then cooled down by the cooling device to decrease the pressure of the working fluid in the pump, so that the working fluid is sucked into the pump.
摘要翻译： 用于在兰金循环中循环工作流体（水）的液体泵包括具有弯曲管部分和一对直管部分的U形流体容器，其中加热装置和冷却装置设置在直管 用于加热和冷却流体容器中的水的部分。 液体泵还具有排出管部分和入口管部分，并且止回阀分别设置在排出和入口管部分中。 通过加热装置的加热操作使水蒸发，以增加泵中的工作流体的压力，从而排出工作流体。 蒸发的工作流体然后通过冷却装置冷却，以降低泵中的工作流体的压力，使得工作流体被吸入泵中。
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公开(公告)号：US20080307790A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-18
申请号：US12228414
申请日：2008-08-11
IPC分类号： F01K23/06
CPC分类号： F01K27/005
摘要： A steam engine has a pipe shaped fluid container, a heating and cooling devices respectively provided at a heating and cooling portions of the fluid container, and an output device connected to the fluid container, so that the output device is operated by the fluid pressure change in the fluid container, to generate an electric power. In such a steam engine, an inner radius “r1” of the cooling portion is made to almost equal to a depth “δ1” of the thermal penetration, which is calculated by the following formula (1); δ 1 = 2 a 1 ω ( 1 ) wherein, “a1” is a heat diffusivity of the working fluid at its low pressure, and “ω” is an angular frequency of the movement of the working fluid.
摘要翻译： 蒸汽发动机具有管状流体容器，分别设置在流体容器的加热和冷却部分处的加热和冷却装置以及连接到流体容器的输出装置，使得输出装置由流体压力变化 在流体容器中产生电力。 在这种蒸汽机中，冷却部分的内半径“r1”几乎等于热穿透深度“delta1”，其通过下式（1）计算：
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18.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20080102295A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-01
申请号：US11978503
申请日：2007-10-29
CPC分类号： C23C26/02 , B32B15/04 , C23C2/26 , C23C8/02 , H01L21/318 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： Means for a thermally conductive and electrically insulating material 1 containing an AlN crystal 150 mainly comprising AlN, and a production method thereof. In production, a molten aluminum layer is formed on an AlN substrate 11 with at least its surface comprising AlN in an atmosphere of a non-oxidizing gas, and the molten aluminum layer is then heated in an atmosphere of N2 gas to form an AlN crystal 150 which mainly comprises an AlN layer 125. The means are also a thermally conductive and electrically insulating material having an AlN crystal and an Al gradient layer, and a production method thereof. In production, a heating step of forming a molten aluminum layer 15 on the AlN layer 125 and heating it in an atmosphere of N2 gas is repeated at least twice or more. At this time, the amount of the N2 gas dissolved in the molten aluminum layer is decreased as the heating step is repeated.
摘要翻译： 含有主要包含AlN的AlN晶体150的导热和电绝缘材料1的方法及其制备方法。 在生产中，在AlN基板11上形成熔融铝层，其至少其表面包含AlN在非氧化性气体的气氛中，然后将熔融铝层在N 2气氛中加热， 以形成主要包含AlN层125的AlN晶体150。 该装置也是具有AlN晶体和Al梯度层的导热和电绝缘材料及其制造方法。 在制造中，将在AlN层125上形成熔融铝层15并在N 2气体气氛中加热的加热步骤重复至少两次以上。 此时，随着加热步骤重复，溶解在熔融铝层中的N 2 O 2气体的量减少。
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公开(公告)号：US07185491B2
公开(公告)日：2007-03-06
申请号：US11146174
申请日：2005-06-06
IPC分类号： F01B1/00
摘要： A steam engine has a looped fluid container, in which working fluid is filled. A heating device, a cooling device and an output device are arranged at the fluid container. A lower side valve is provided at a fluid passage of the fluid container between the heating device and the output device. An upper side valve is provided at another fluid passage of the fluid container between the cooling device and the output device. The upper and lower valves are respectively controlled to open and close the respective fluid passages at proper timings, to increase heat efficiency.
摘要翻译： 蒸汽机具有循环的流体容器，其中填充有工作流体。 加热装置，冷却装置和输出装置布置在流体容器中。 下侧阀设置在加热装置和输出装置之间的流体容器的流体通道处。 上侧阀设置在冷却装置与输出装置之间的流体容器的另一流体通道处。 分别控制上下阀门以适当的定时打开和关闭相应的流体通道，以提高热效率。
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公开(公告)号：US5078239A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-07
申请号：US367652
申请日：1989-07-07
IPC分类号： B60G17/08 , B60G17/015 , F16F9/46
CPC分类号： F16F9/466 , B60G2400/202 , B60G2401/10 , B60G2500/10 , B60G2600/02 , B60G2600/26
摘要： A shock absorber which selectively produces different magnitudes of damping forces includes a cylinder and a piston slidably disposed in the cylinder and dividing an interior space of the cylinder into first and second fluid chambers filled with a fluid. A housing assembly coupled to the piston has a main fluid passage providing fluid communication between the first and second fluid chambers at all times and an auxiliary fluid passage providing selective fluid communication between the first and second fluid chambers. The auxiliary fluid passage can be opened to provide fluid communication between the first and second fluid chamber in response to an external control signal. The auxiliary fluid passage can be closed to cut off fluid communication between the first and second fluid chambers when the speed of relative movement of the cylinder and the piston is substantially zero, i.e., when the speed of expansion and contraction of the shock absorber is substantially zero.
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