公开(公告)号：US20160164446A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-09

申请号：US14562591

申请日：2014-12-05

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Theodore J. Conrad ,  Dawson R. Bruckman

IPC: H02P25/02

CPC classification number: H02P25/028 ,  F04B35/045 ,  H01F7/06 ,  H01F7/066 ,  H01F7/1844 ,  H01F2007/1866 ,  H02P6/006 ,  H02P6/182 ,  H02P25/034 ,  H02P25/06

Abstract: A method includes driving a component in an electromagnetic actuator back and forth during one or more cycles of the actuator, where the actuator includes a voice coil. The method also includes identifying a back electromotive force (EMF) voltage of the voice coil during at least one of the one or more cycles. The method further includes determining whether a stroke of the component is substantially centered using the back EMF voltage of the voice coil. In addition, the method includes, based on the determination, adjusting one or more drive signals for the voice coil during one or more additional cycles of the actuator. Determining whether the stroke of the component is centered could include determining whether the back EMF voltage of the voice coil is substantially maximized or determining whether times between extremes in the back EMF voltage are substantially equal.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括在致动器的一个或多个循环期间来回驱动电磁致动器中的部件，其中致动器包括音圈。 该方法还包括在一个或多个循环中的至少一个循环期间识别音圈的反电动势（EMF）电压。 该方法还包括使用音圈的反电动势电压来确定组件的笔划是否基本居中。 此外，该方法包括基于该确定，在致动器的一个或多个附加周期期间调整音圈的一个或多个驱动信号。 确定组件的行程是否居中可以包括确定音圈的反电动势电压是否基本上最大化，或者确定反电动势电压中的极值之间的时间是否基本相等。

公开(公告)号：US20160040913A1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-11

申请号：US14456821

申请日：2014-08-11

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Dawson R. Bruckman ,  Michael H. Kieffer ,  Theodore J. Conrad ,  Lowell A. Bellis ,  Marwan Aryan

IPC: F25B9/14

CPC classification number: F25B9/14 ,  F25B9/10 ,  F25B49/022 ,  F25B2309/1428 ,  G05D23/1902 ,  G05D23/20

Abstract: A system includes a multi-stage cryocooler having multiple stages and a temperature control system configured to regulate temperatures of the multiple stages of the multi-stage cryocooler. The temperature control system includes an input interface configured to receive (i) temperature setpoints for the stages of the multi-stage cryocooler and (ii) temperature information corresponding to temperatures measured at the stages of the multi-stage cryocooler. The temperature control system also includes processing circuitry configured to determine temperature errors and calculate at least one of a compressor stroke error and a pressure-volume phase error. The temperature control system further includes at least one controller configured to adjust at least one of a compressor setting and a pressure-volume phase of the multi-stage cryocooler.

Abstract translation: 一种系统包括具有多级的多级制冷器和配置成调节多级低温冷却器多级的温度的温度控制系统。 温度控制系统包括输入接口，其被配置为接收（i）用于多级低温冷却器的级的温度设定值和（ii）对应于在多级低温冷却器的阶段测量的温度的温度信息。 温度控制系统还包括配置成确定温度误差并计算压缩机冲程误差和压力 - 体积相位误差中的至少一个的处理电路。 温度控制系统还包括至少一个控制器，该控制器被配置为调节多级低温冷却器的压缩机设定和压力 - 体积相中的至少一个。

公开(公告)号：US20150192329A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-09

申请号：US14151408

申请日：2014-01-09

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Theodore J. Conrad ,  Michael J. Ellis ,  Lowell A. Bellis ,  James R. Chow ,  Brian R. Schaefer ,  Troy T. Matsuoka

IPC: F25B9/14

CPC classification number: F25B9/14 ,  F25B9/10 ,  F25B9/145 ,  F25B2309/003 ,  F25B2309/1415

Abstract: An apparatus includes a regenerator configured to transfer heat to a fluid and to absorb heat from the fluid as the fluid flows between a warm end and a cold end of a cryocooler. The regenerator includes an anisotropic thermal layer configured to reduce a flow of heat axially along the regenerator and to spread the absorbed heat radially or laterally in a plane of the anisotropic thermal layer. The anisotropic thermal layer includes at least one allotropic form of carbon. The anisotropic thermal layer could have a higher radial or lateral thermal conductivity and a lower axial thermal conductivity. The anisotropic thermal layer could include carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. The regenerator could include multiple anisotropic thermal layers that divide the regenerator into multiple segments, where the anisotropic thermal layers are configured to reduce heat transfer between adjacent segments of the regenerator.

Abstract translation: 一种装置包括再生器，其被配置为当流体在低温冷却器的暖端和冷端之间流动时，将热量传递给流体并吸收来自流体的热量。 再生器包括各向异性热层，其被配置为沿着再生器轴向减小热量流并且在各向异性热层的平面内径向或横向扩散吸收的热量。 各向异性热层包括至少一种同素异形体的碳。 各向异性热层可具有更高的径向或横向热导率和较低的轴向热导率。 各向异性热层可以包括碳纳米管和/或石墨烯。 再生器可以包括将再生器分成多个段的多个各向异性热层，其中各向异性热层被配置为减少再生器的相邻段之间的热传递。

公开(公告)号：US10738772B2

公开(公告)日：2020-08-11

申请号：US16541816

申请日：2019-08-15

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Andrew L. Bullard ,  Theodore J. Conrad

IPC: F04B35/04 ,  F04B17/03 ,  F04B39/00 ,  F25B31/02 ,  F25B9/06 ,  F25B9/14 ,  F04B3/00

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first piston and an opposing second piston, where the first and second pistons are configured to move inward to narrow a space therebetween and to move outward to enlarge the space therebetween. The apparatus also includes a first voice coil actuator having (i) a first voice coil connected to the first piston and (ii) a first magnet connected to the second piston. The apparatus may further include a second voice coil actuator having (i) a second voice coil connected to the second piston and (ii) a second magnet connected to the first piston. Each voice coil actuator may be configured to apply equal and opposite forces on or against the first and second pistons.

公开(公告)号：US10422329B2

公开(公告)日：2019-09-24

申请号：US15676808

申请日：2017-08-14

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Andrew L. Bullard ,  Theodore J. Conrad

IPC: F04B35/04 ,  F04B39/00 ,  F25B9/14 ,  F25B31/02 ,  F25B9/06 ,  F04B17/03 ,  F04B3/00

Abstract: A method includes generating a first varying electromagnetic field using a first voice coil of a first actuator. The method also includes repeatedly attracting and repelling a first magnet of the first actuator based on the first varying electromagnetic field. The first voice coil is connected to a first piston of a compressor, and the first magnet is connected to an opposing second piston of the compressor. Attracting the first magnet narrows a space between the pistons, and repelling the first magnet enlarges the space between the pistons. The method may further include generating a second varying electromagnetic field using a second voice coil of a second actuator and repeatedly attracting and repelling a second magnet of the second actuator based on the second varying electromagnetic field. The second voice coil may be connected to the second piston, and the second magnet may be connected to the first piston.

公开(公告)号：US10234075B2

公开(公告)日：2019-03-19

申请号：US15426451

申请日：2017-02-07

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Theodore J. Conrad ,  Robert D. Schaefer ,  Andrew L. Bullard ,  Brian R. Schaefer ,  Ryan Yates

IPC: F16F13/00 ,  F16M13/02 ,  F25B9/14 ,  F16C35/00 ,  F16C35/02 ,  F16C29/00 ,  F16F1/32

Abstract: A system includes a device, a support structure, and a flexure bearing configured to connect the device to the support structure. The flexure bearing includes an outer hub and an inner hub, where the hubs are configured to be secured to the support structure and to the device. The flexure bearing also includes multiple sets of flexure arms connecting the outer hub and the inner hub, where each set of flexure arms includes symmetric flexure arms. The flexure bearing further includes multiple bridges, where each bridge connects one of the flexure arms in one set of flexure arms to one of the flexure arms in an adjacent set of flexure arms.

公开(公告)号：US09577562B2

公开(公告)日：2017-02-21

申请号：US14562591

申请日：2014-12-05

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Theodore J. Conrad ,  Dawson R. Bruckman

IPC: H02P1/00 ,  H02P3/00 ,  H02P25/02 ,  F04B35/04 ,  H01F7/06 ,  H02P6/00 ,  H02P6/18 ,  H02P25/06

CPC classification number: H02P25/028 ,  F04B35/045 ,  H01F7/06 ,  H01F7/066 ,  H01F7/1844 ,  H01F2007/1866 ,  H02P6/006 ,  H02P6/182 ,  H02P25/034 ,  H02P25/06

Abstract: A method includes driving a component in an electromagnetic actuator back and forth during one or more cycles of the actuator, where the actuator includes a voice coil. The method also includes identifying a back electromotive force (EMF) voltage of the voice coil during at least one of the one or more cycles. The method further includes determining whether a stroke of the component is substantially centered using the back EMF voltage of the voice coil. In addition, the method includes, based on the determination, adjusting one or more drive signals for the voice coil during one or more additional cycles of the actuator. Determining whether the stroke of the component is centered could include determining whether the back EMF voltage of the voice coil is substantially maximized or determining whether times between extremes in the back EMF voltage are substantially equal.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括在致动器的一个或多个循环期间来回驱动电磁致动器中的部件，其中致动器包括音圈。 该方法还包括在一个或多个循环中的至少一个循环期间识别音圈的反电动势（EMF）电压。 该方法还包括使用音圈的反电动势电压来确定组件的笔划是否基本居中。 此外，该方法包括基于该确定，在致动器的一个或多个附加周期期间调整音圈的一个或多个驱动信号。 确定组件的行程是否居中可以包括确定音圈的反电动势电压是否基本上最大化，或者确定反电动势电压中的极值之间的时间是否基本相等。

公开(公告)号：US09551513B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-24

申请号：US14303036

申请日：2014-06-12

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Ryan Yates ,  Theodore J. Conrad ,  Andrew L. Bullard

IPC: F25B9/00 ,  F25B9/14 ,  G01C19/02

CPC classification number: F25B9/14 ,  F25B9/145 ,  F25B2309/001 ,  F25B2309/1411 ,  F25B2309/1423 ,  F25B2400/073 ,  F25B2500/13 ,  G01C19/02

Abstract: Components within a cryocooler are scaled and/or configured for operation at a CMG operating frequency (e.g., 100 Hz) rather than at 30 to 70 Hz, matching the exported disturbances of control moment gyroscopes on the same platform and reducing line-of-sight jitter for electro-optic infrared focal plane array sensors. The smaller piston working volume and other reduced component sizes allow the cryocooler to be smaller and lighter than designs operating at lower frequencies. Combined with an advanced regenerator suitable for the higher frequency operation, the cryocooler has improved cooling efficiency over such lower frequency designs.

Abstract translation: 低温冷却器内部的部件按比例缩放和/或配置为在CMG工作频率（例如，100Hz）而不是在30至70Hz的条件下操作，与控制力矩陀螺仪在同一平台上导出的扰动相匹配，并减少视线 电光红外焦平面阵列传感器的抖动。 较小的活塞工作容积和其他减小的部件尺寸允许低温冷却器比在较低频率下工作的设计更小更轻。 结合先进的再生器适用于较高频率的操作，低温制冷机在这种较低频率设计中具有改进的冷却效率。

公开(公告)号：US20160059320A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-03

申请号：US14542150

申请日：2014-11-14

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： William E. Elias ,  Theodore J. Conrad ,  James R. Chow

IPC: B22F9/24

Abstract: A method includes exposing a non-aqueous solution to ultraviolet illumination, where the non-aqueous solution includes one or more lanthanide elements and one or more photo-initiators. The method also includes producing lanthanide nanoparticles using the non-aqueous solution. The non-aqueous solution could be formed by mixing a first non-aqueous solution including the one or more lanthanide elements and a second non-aqueous solution including the one or more photo-initiators. The non-aqueous solution could include one or more metallic salts, where each metallic salt includes at least one lanthanide element. The one or more metallic salts could include erbium chloride, and the one or more photo-initiators could include benzophenone. The non-aqueous solution could include an organic solvent, such as an alcohol.

Abstract translation: 一种方法包括将非水溶液暴露于紫外线照射，其中非水溶液包含一种或多种镧系元素和一种或多种光引发剂。 该方法还包括使用非水溶液制备镧系元素纳米粒子。 非水溶液可以通过混合包含一种或多种镧系元素的第一非水溶液和包含一种或多种光引发剂的第二非水溶液来形成。 非水溶液可以包括一种或多种金属盐，其中每个金属盐包括至少一种镧系元素。 一种或多种金属盐可以包括氯化铒，一种或多种光引发剂可以包括二苯甲酮。 非水溶液可以包括有机溶剂，例如醇。

公开(公告)号：US11156390B2

公开(公告)日：2021-10-26

申请号：US16026620

申请日：2018-07-03

Applicant: Raytheon Company

Inventor： Theodore J. Conrad ,  Ryan Yates ,  Brian Schaefer

IPC: F25B9/14 ,  H02K41/035 ,  H01F7/16 ,  H01F7/06 ,  H02K7/14 ,  H02K33/18

Abstract: A cryogenic cooler includes a housing, and first, second, and third actuators. The first actuator includes at least one first voice coil and at least one first magnetic circuit, the at least one first voice coil of the first actuator configured to drive a compressor piston, the first actuator causing vibrations to the housing when driving the compressor piston. The second actuator includes at least one second voice coil and at least one second magnetic circuit, the at least one second voice coil of the second actuator configured to reduce the vibrations to the housing caused by driving the compressor piston. The third actuator includes at least one third voice coil and at least one third magnetic circuit, the third actuator configured to drive a displacer piston. The compressor piston, balance mechanism, and displacer piston are concentrically formed within the cryogenic cooler.