公开(公告)号：US09124371B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-01

申请号：US13078890

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Michael Francis Van Leeuwen ,  Pierre Mertz ,  Hai Xu

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Michael Francis Van Leeuwen ,  Pierre Mertz ,  Hai Xu

IPC分类号： H04B10/572 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04B10/506 ,  H04B10/572 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, data, in digital form, is received by a transmit node of an optical communication system, and is then provided to a modulator that, in turn, modulates light, received from an optical source at one of a plurality of periodically and preferably minimally spaced wavelengths. The plurality of periodically spaced wavelengths or carriers are grouped together with minimal carrier spacing, to form a superchannel. The carrier spacing between adjacent carriers is determined by detecting a beat frequency of a combined optical signal that includes the outputs of two adjacent optical sources. The beat frequency corresponds to a frequency difference between the outputs of the adjacent carriers. This frequency difference should correspond to a desired carrier spacing between each of the plurality of carriers. A frequency error between the beat frequency and the desired carrier spacing is then measured by down-converting the beat frequency with respect to a target reference frequency corresponding to the desired carrier frequency spacing. Based on the determined frequency error, the optical sources are controlled to adjust in frequency to minimize or reduce the frequency error to zero. For every pair of adjacent carriers, the corresponding outputs of the optical sources are compared in the above manner to determine a plurality of frequency errors. Each optical source can thus be tuned in order to realize a precise carrier spacing between each of the adjacent carriers.

摘要翻译： 与本公开一致，数字形式的数据由光通信系统的发射节点接收，然后被提供给调制器，调制器进而调制从光源以多个 周期性和优选地最小间隔的波长。 多个周期性间隔的波长或载波以最小载波间隔分组在一起以形成超频道。 通过检测包括两个相邻光源的输出的组合光信号的拍频来确定相邻载波之间的载波间隔。 节拍频率对应于相邻载波的输出之间的频率差。 该频率差应对应于多个载波中的每一个之间的期望载波间隔。 然后通过相对于对应于所需载波频率间隔的目标参考频率下变频拍频来测量拍频和所需载波间隔之间的频率误差。 基于确定的频率误差，控制光源的频率以使频率误差最小化或将频率误差降低到零。 对于每对相邻载波，以上述方式比较光源的相应输出以确定多个频率误差。 因此，可以调整每个光源以便在每个相邻载体之间实现精确的载波间隔。

公开(公告)号：US08861977B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-14

申请号：US13078888

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Matthew L. Mitchell ,  David F. Welch

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Matthew L. Mitchell ,  David F. Welch

IPC分类号： H04J14/00 ,  H04J14/06 ,  H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0256 ,  H04J14/026 ,  H04J14/06

摘要： A number of carriers are selected according to a modulation format and symbol rate to realize a superchannel having fixed capacity, for example. At a receive node, the superchannel is optically demultiplexed from a plurality of other superchannels. The plurality of carriers are then supplied to a photodetector circuit, which receives additional light at one of the optical signal carrier wavelengths from a local oscillator laser. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is provided in the receive node to convert the electrical signals output from the photodetector into digital form. The output from the ADC is then filtered in the electrical domain, such that optical demultiplexing of the carriers is unnecessary.

摘要翻译： 根据调制格式和符号率来选择多个载波，以实现例如具有固定容量的超频道。 在接收节点处，超级信道从多个其他超级信道被光解复用。 然后将多个载波提供给光电检测器电路，该电路从本地振荡器激光器接收来自光信号载波波长的其中一个附加光。 在接收节点中提供模数转换器（ADC），以将从光电检测器输出的电信号转换为数字形式。 然后在电域中对ADC的输出进行滤波，使得载波的光解复用是不必要的。

公开(公告)号：US08335440B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

申请号：US12791223

申请日：2010-06-01

申请人： David J. Krause ,  Han Henry Sun ,  John D. McNicol

发明人： David J. Krause ,  Han Henry Sun ,  John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/148

CPC分类号： H04B10/616 ,  H04L25/0305 ,  H04L2025/03401 ,  H04L2025/03477 ,  H04L2025/03675

摘要： A system, method, and apparatus is disclosed for enabling a constant modulus algorithm (CMA) to be reliably used for blind equalization training of an equalizer. According to one embodiment, received signals in a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) format are converted to a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) format, to which CMA processing can be reliably applied for equalization. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the equalized QPSK signals are rotated to convert the signals to an equalized BPSK format for output.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于使恒模算法（CMA）可靠地用于均衡器的盲均衡训练的系统，方法和装置。 根据一个实施例，二进制相移键控（BPSK）格式的接收信号被转换成正交相移键控（QPSK）格式，CMA处理可以被可靠地应用于均衡。 根据本实施例的另一方面，均衡的QPSK信号被旋转以将信号转换成均衡的BPSK格式用于输出。

公开(公告)号：US20120251120A1

公开(公告)日：2012-10-04

申请号：US13078893

申请日：2011-04-01

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  Han Henry Sun

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  Han Henry Sun

IPC分类号： H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04B10/506 ,  H04B10/5161 ,  H04B10/675 ,  H04J14/0212 ,  H04J14/0213 ,  H04J14/0256 ,  H04J14/026 ,  H04J14/06

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, data, in digital form, is received by a transmit node of an optical communication system, and converted to an analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to drive a modulator. The modulator, in turn, modulates light at one of a plurality of wavelengths in accordance with the received data forming a plurality of corresponding carriers. The carriers are modulated according to one of a plurality of modulation formats and then optically combined to form a superchannel of a constant maximum capacity, for example. Accordingly, the number of carriers and the bit rate for each carrier remain constant for each modulation format to realize a constant maximum capacity. The superchannel is then transmitted over an optical communication path to a receive node. At the receive node, the superchannel is optically demultiplexed from a plurality of other superchannels. The plurality of carriers of the superchannel are then supplied to a photodetector circuit, which receives additional light at one of the optical signal carrier wavelengths from a local oscillator laser. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is provided in the receive node to convert the electrical signals output from the photodetector into digital form. The output from the ADC is then filtered in the electrical domain, such that optical demultiplexing of the carriers is unnecessary.

摘要翻译： 与本公开一致，数字形式的数据由光通信系统的发射节点接收，并由数模转换器（DAC）转换为模拟信号以驱动调制器。 调制器又根据形成多个相应载波的接收数据调制多个波长中的一个波长的光。 载波根据多个调制格式之一进行调制，然后光学组合以形成例如恒定最大容量的超频道。 因此，每个载波的数量和每个载波的比特率对于每个调制格式保持不变，以实现恒定的最大容量。 然后，超信道通过光通信路径传输到接收节点。 在接收节点处，超级信道从多个其他超级信道被光解复用。 然后将超级通道的多个载体提供给光电检测器电路，光电检测器电路从本地振荡器激光器接收来自光信号载波波长的其中一个附加光。 在接收节点中提供模数转换器（ADC），以将从光电检测器输出的电信号转换为数字形式。 然后在电域中对ADC的输出进行滤波，使得载波的光解复用是不必要的。

公开(公告)号：US20120082459A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-05

申请号：US12897787

申请日：2010-10-05

申请人： Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  John D. McNicol ,  David F. Welch ,  Stephen G. Grubb ,  Pierre Mertz

发明人： Kuang-Tsan Wu ,  John D. McNicol ,  David F. Welch ,  Stephen G. Grubb ,  Pierre Mertz

IPC分类号： H04J14/02

CPC分类号： H04J14/02 ,  H04B10/616 ,  H04J14/0224 ,  H04J14/0227 ,  H04J14/0241 ,  H04J14/026 ,  H04J14/0279 ,  H04J14/06 ,  H04L1/0007 ,  H04L1/0009 ,  H04L5/0008 ,  H04L25/03834 ,  H04L27/0008 ,  H04L27/2035 ,  H04L27/223 ,  H04L27/34

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure, data, in digital form, is received by a transmit nodes of an optical communication, and converted to analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to drive a modulator. The modulator, in turn, modulates light at one of a plurality of wavelengths in accordance with the received data. The modulated light is then transmitted over an optical communication path to a receive node. At the receive node, the modulated optical signal, as well as other modulated optical signals are supplied to a photodetector circuit, which receives additional light at one of the optical signal wavelengths from a local oscillator laser. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is provided in the receive node to convert the electrical signals output from the photodetector into digital form. The output from the ADC is then filtered in the electrical domain, such that optical demultiplexing of individual channels is unnecessary.

摘要翻译： 与本公开一致，数字形式的数据由光通信的发射节点接收，并由数模转换器（DAC）转换为模拟信号以驱动调制器。 调制器又根据接收的数据调制多个波长中的一个波长的光。 然后将调制的光通过光通信路径传输到接收节点。 在接收节点处，调制的光信号以及其它调制的光信号被提供给光电检测器电路，光电检测器电路从本地振荡器激光器接收来自光信号波长之一的附加光。 在接收节点中提供模数转换器（ADC），以将从光电检测器输出的电信号转换为数字形式。 然后在电域中对来自ADC的输出进行滤波，使得各个信道的光解复用是不必要的。

公开(公告)号：US20110293289A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

申请号：US12791223

申请日：2010-06-01

申请人： David J. Krause ,  Han Henry Sun ,  John D. McNicol

发明人： David J. Krause ,  Han Henry Sun ,  John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： G06F17/10 ,  H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/616 ,  H04L25/0305 ,  H04L2025/03401 ,  H04L2025/03477 ,  H04L2025/03675

摘要： A system, method, and apparatus is disclosed for enabling a constant modulus algorithm (CMA) to be reliably used for blind equalization training of an equalizer. According to one embodiment, received signals in a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) format are converted to a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) format, to which CMA processing can be reliably applied for equalization. According to another aspect of this embodiment, the equalized QPSK signals are rotated to convert the signals to an equalized BPSK format for output.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于使恒模算法（CMA）可靠地用于均衡器的盲均衡训练的系统，方法和装置。 根据一个实施例，二进制相移键控（BPSK）格式的接收信号被转换成正交相移键控（QPSK）格式，CMA处理可以被可靠地应用于均衡。 根据本实施例的另一方面，均衡的QPSK信号被旋转以将信号转换成均衡的BPSK格式用于输出。

公开(公告)号：US20110274436A1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-10

申请号：US13082378

申请日：2011-04-07

申请人： JOHN D. MCNICOL ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

发明人： JOHN D. MCNICOL ,  Kuang-Tsan Wu

IPC分类号： H04B10/02 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/04

CPC分类号： H04B10/5055 ,  H04B10/5561

摘要： Consistent with the present disclosure a transmitter is provided that transmits data in either a “quasi-DP-BPSK” (“QDP”) mode or in a DP-QPSK mode. In the QDP mode, data bits are transmitted as changes in phase between first and second phase states along a first axis or as changes in phase between third and fourth phase states along a second axis in the IQ plane. Although the transmitter outputs an optical signal that changes in phase between each of the four states, a sequence bit identifies which axis carries the data bit. The sequence bit is one of a series of sequence bits that may be generated by a pseudo-random number generator. The series of sequence bits can be relatively long, e.g., 32 bits, to permit sufficiently random changes in the axis that carries the data. Thus, unlike conventional BPSK, in which data is transmitted between phase states along a single axis, the present disclosure provides an apparatus and related method for randomly selecting one of two axes, for example, for each transmitted bit. In the receiver, it has been observed that the MU-CMA algorithm can process data carried by optical signals in the QDP mode with relatively few errors. Thus, the same equalizer (FIR) filter may be used to process BPSK, as well as QPSK data.

摘要翻译： 根据本公开，提供了以“准DP-BPSK”（“QDP”）模式或DP-QPSK模式发送数据的发射机。 在QDP模式中，数据位作为沿第一轴的第一和第二相位状态之间的相位变化发送，或者作为沿着IQ平面中的第二轴的第三和第四相位状态之间的相位变化。 虽然发射机输出四个状态中的每一个之间相位变化的光信号，但是一个序列位标识哪个轴携带数据位。 序列位是可由伪随机数发生器产生的一系列序列位之一。 一系列序列比特可以相对较长，例如32比特，以允许承载数据的轴上的足够的随机变化。 因此，与传统的BPSK不同，其中数据沿着单个轴在相位状态之间传输，本公开提供了一种用于随机选择两个轴之一的装置和相关方法，例如针对每个发送的位。 在接收机中，已经观察到MU-CMA算法可以处理具有相对较少错误的QDP模式中的光信号携带的数据。 因此，可以使用相同的均衡器（FIR）滤波器来处理BPSK以及QPSK数据。

公开(公告)号：US07209664B1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-24

申请号：US10457527

申请日：2003-06-10

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Kuang Tsan T. Wu ,  Adrien A. Comeau

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Kuang Tsan T. Wu ,  Adrien A. Comeau

IPC分类号： H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/06

CPC分类号： H04B10/60 ,  H04B10/50 ,  H04B10/614 ,  H04B10/6151 ,  H04B10/63 ,  H04B10/64 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04J14/0224 ,  H04J14/06

摘要： A frequency-agile optical transceiver includes a shared local oscillator (LO), a coherent optical receiver and an optical transmitter. The LO operates to generate a respective LO optical signal having a predetermined LO wavelength. The coherent optical receiver is operatively coupled to the LO, and uses the LO signal to selectively receive traffic of an arbitrary target channel of an inbound broadband optical signal. The optical transmitter is also operatively coupled to the LO, and uses the LO to generate an outbound optical channel signal having a respective outbound channel wavelength corresponding to the LO wavelength.

摘要翻译： 频率敏捷光收发器包括共享本地振荡器（LO），相干光接收机和光发射机。 LO操作以产生具有预定LO波长的相应LO光信号。 相干光接收器可操作地耦合到LO，并且使用LO信号来选择性地接收入站宽带光信号的任意目标信道的业务。 光发射机还可操作地耦合到LO，并且使用LO来产生具有对应于LO波长的相应出站信道波长的出站光信道信号。

公开(公告)号：US06615179B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US09481778

申请日：2000-01-11

申请人： John D. McNicol ,  Fred E. Bearden, III

发明人： John D. McNicol ,  Fred E. Bearden, III

IPC分类号： G06F1760

CPC分类号： G06Q10/10 ,  G06F15/0225 ,  G06Q10/02 ,  G06Q30/0224 ,  G06Q30/0226 ,  G06Q30/0241 ,  G06Q30/0641

摘要： A data distribution network for distributing data stores up-to-date or even real-time data in a central computer and disseminates the data through a plurality of data distribution nodes to a plurality of hand-held computers. The data distribution network distributes current or even real-time data to consumers and travelers directly to the location where the consumers and travelers are likely to require the data. In a preferred embodiment, such a data distribution network can function completely automatically, in real time, and without any effort or expertise on the part of the consumer or traveler. Such a data distribution network enables several novel methods of attracting and retaining consumers to a specific commercial location and travelers to a specific hotel or travel agency.

摘要翻译： 用于分发数据的数据分配网络将最新甚至实时数据存储在中央计算机中，并通过多个数据分发节点向多个手持计算机传播数据。 数据分发网络将当前或甚至实时数据分发给消费者和旅行者直接到消费者和旅行者可能需要数据的位置。 在优选实施例中，这样的数据分发网络可以实时地完全自动地进行，并且在消费者或旅行者方面没有任何努力或专业知识。 这样的数据分发网络使得能够吸引和保留消费者到特定商业地点和旅行者到特定酒店或旅行社的几种新颖的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06347301B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

申请号：US09241937

申请日：1999-02-02

申请人： Fred E. Bearden, III ,  John D. McNicol

发明人： Fred E. Bearden, III ,  John D. McNicol

IPC分类号： G06F1760

CPC分类号： G06Q10/10 ,  G06F15/0225 ,  G06Q10/02 ,  G06Q30/0224 ,  G06Q30/0226 ,  G06Q30/0241 ,  G06Q30/0641

摘要： A conference communication facilitator includes a hand-held computer used in conjunction with an alphanumeric identifier uniquely associated with a conference attendee. The hand-held computer is shaped to fit within a user's hand and bears an advertising indicia. The hand-held computer contains a microprocessor, a memory chip for storing data, an electrical contact connector for inputting data into the memory chip, an LCD display for displaying the data, a keypad for manipulating the data. The hand-held computer is preferably used in conjunction with a plurality of alphanumeric identifiers, each alphanumeric identifier being unique to each aspect of the data. In its preferred embodiment, the hand-held computer is used as a conference facilitator assembly for facilitating interaction with a conference attendee. The conference facilitator assembly is used by a user to retrieve data about a conference attendee with reference to an alphanumeric identifier displayed on an identification badge worn by the conference attendee. The conference facilitator assembly includes an identification badge worn by each of the conference attendees, the identification badge displaying the alphanumeric identifier in oversized and bold print to allows easy identification of the conference attendee.

摘要翻译： 会议通信促进器包括与与会议参加者唯一相关联的字母数字标识符一起使用的手持计算机。 手持式计算机的形状适合用户手中并具有广告标记。 手持式计算机包括微处理器，用于存储数据的存储芯片，用于将数据输入存储芯片的电触点连接器，用于显示数据的LCD显示器，用于操纵数据的键盘。 手持计算机优选地与多个字母数字标识符一起使用，每个字母数字标识符对于数据的每个方面是唯一的。 在其优选实施例中，手持计算机被用作促进与会议参与者的交互的会议促进器组件。 参考会议参会者穿戴的身份证上显示的字母数字标识符，用户使用会议促进器组件来检索有关会议参加者的数据。 会议促进者大会包括由每个会议参加者穿戴的身份证件，身份证件以超大和粗体打印显示字母数字标识符，以便容易地识别会议参加者。