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    SELECTIVELY REACTING TO THE MINIMUM CELL VOLTAGE DROP RATE IN A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
    22.
    发明申请
    SELECTIVELY REACTING TO THE MINIMUM CELL VOLTAGE DROP RATE IN A FUEL CELL SYSTEM 有权
    选择性地反应在燃料电池系统中的最小电池电压降率

    公开(公告)号：US20140205924A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-07-24

    申请号：US13746227

    申请日：2013-01-21

    Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

    Inventor： Derek R. Lebzelter ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Sanja Sljivar-Lovria ,  Bruce J. Clingerman ,  Michael J. Kiefer

    IPC: H01M8/04

    CPC classification number: H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/0488 ,  H01M8/0494 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/50

    Abstract: A system and method that monitor the rate of a voltage drop of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack to determine whether the voltage drop is a result of cathode reactant starvation or anode reactant starvation. The method looks at a falling voltage of a fuel cell to determine whether the rate of the fall in voltage indicates that hydrogen starvation of the anode of the fuel cell is occurring. The method also looks at the actual voltage of the fuel cell that is falling to determine whether it is a below a predetermined minimum voltage threshold also indicating that hydrogen starvation of the anode of the fuel cell is occurring. If hydrogen starvation is occurring, the method performs power limiting of the fuel cell stack either based on the rate or the voltage level.

    Abstract translation: 监测燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的电压降率的系统和方法，以确定电压降是否为阴极反应物饥饿或阳极反应物饥饿的结果。 该方法查看燃料电池的下降电压，以确定电压下降的速率是否表示燃料电池的阳极发生氢气饥饿。 该方法还查看正在下降的燃料电池的实际电压，以确定它是否低于预定的最小电压阈值，也表示正在发生燃料电池的阳极的氢气饥饿。 如果发生氢饥饿，则该方法基于速率或电压电平来执行燃料电池堆的功率限制。

    Method and apparatus for monitoring a fuel cell
    23.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for monitoring a fuel cell 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11872909B2

    公开(公告)日：2024-01-16

    申请号：US17388675

    申请日：2021-07-29

    Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

    Inventor： William H. Pettit ,  Charles E. Freese, V ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

    IPC: B60L58/40 ,  H01M8/04858 ,  B60L58/32

    CPC classification number: B60L58/40 ,  B60L58/32 ,  H01M8/04947 ,  B60L2240/423 ,  H01M2250/20

    Abstract: A torque generating system is described, and includes a fuel cell power device, a high-voltage battery, an electric drive unit, and a controller. The fuel cell power device has a non-linear power-temperature relationship that has a local temperature maxima at a first electric power level and a local temperature minima at a second electric power level. A first operating point of the fuel cell power device is less than the first electric power level, and a second operating point of the fuel cell power device is set at a third electric power level that is greater than the first electric power level, wherein the third electric power level generates a fuel cell temperature that is less than the local temperature maxima. The fuel cell power device is controlled to one of the first operating point or the second operating point to transfer electric power to the electric drive unit.

    SHOCK-FORCE MITIGATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL FUEL CELL STACKS
    24.
    发明申请
    SHOCK-FORCE MITIGATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL FUEL CELL STACKS 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20230138029A1

    公开(公告)日：2023-05-04

    申请号：US17515893

    申请日：2021-11-01

    Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

    Inventor： Yeh-Hung Lai ,  Jeffrey A. Rock ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

    IPC: H01M8/248 ,  H01M8/2475 ,  H01M8/04664 ,  H01M8/04746 ,  H01M8/04082 ,  H01M8/2404 ,  B60K1/04

    Abstract: Presented are shock-force mitigation systems for fuel cell stacks, methods for making/using such systems, and electric-drive vehicles equipped with such systems. A fuel cell system includes multiple electrochemical fuel cells that are stacked face-to-face along a stack axis to define a fuel cell stack. A push plate abuts each longitudinal end of the fuel cell stack; these push plates translate rectilinearly along the stack axis inside a fuel cell stack housing. An end plate is located in facing spaced relation to each push plate to define a plate pair at each end of the stack. An active or passive force-modifying device is interposed between the two plates in each plate pair; these devices modify stack forces experienced by the fuel cell stack. For an active shock-force mitigation system, each force-modifying device may include a bladder system, spring, and/or linear actuator; an electronic system controller controls activation of the bladders/actuators.

    Dynamic low-power control of cell voltage in a fuel cell stack during low-power operating modes
    26.
    发明授权
    Dynamic low-power control of cell voltage in a fuel cell stack during low-power operating modes 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10522859B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-12-31

    申请号：US15583389

    申请日：2017-05-01

    Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

    Inventor： Srikanth Arisetty ,  Andrew J. Maslyn ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Robert J. Moses

    IPC: H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/04858 ,  H01M8/04746

    Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack and a controller. The fuel cell stack includes a catalyst and a stack voltage. The controller increases efficiency of the fuel cell stack by minimizing or removing an accumulation of oxides on the catalyst during a low-power operating mode of the fuel cell system. The controller executes a method for dynamically controlling the stack voltage during a detected low-power operating mode. The method includes commanding low-voltage/high-power pulses to the fuel cell stack via the controller at a magnitude and frequency sufficient for minimizing or removing the oxides. The system may include a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) boost converter, with the controller programmed to command the power pulses from the DC-DC boost converter. Or, the controller may be configured to command the power pulses by controlling a feed rate of the oxygen and/or the hydrogen.

    Electrochemical hydrogen sensor for global/local hydrogen starvation detection in PEM fuel cells
    29.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical hydrogen sensor for global/local hydrogen starvation detection in PEM fuel cells 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10193173B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-01-29

    申请号：US14804706

    申请日：2015-07-21

    Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

    Inventor： Jingxin Zhang ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Manish Sinha

    IPC: H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/06 ,  G01N27/403 ,  H01M8/0444 ,  H01M8/04858 ,  H01M8/0656 ,  H01M8/04791

    Abstract: A fuel cell stack hydrogen starvation detection device, a fuel cell system and a method of operating a fuel cell stack to protect it from hydrogen starvation conditions. In one particular form, the fuel cell system includes a stack of fuel cells, a controller and a detection device made up of one or more sensors that can compare a reference signal corresponding to the presence of substantially pure hydrogen to a signal that corresponds to a local hydrogen value within a single fuel cell within the stack or across multiple fuel cells within the stack. In this way, the detection device promptly provides indicia of a hydrogen starvation condition within the cell or stack without the need for conventional cell voltage monitoring. The detected hydrogen starvation condition may be presented as a warning signal to alert a user that such a condition may be present, as well as to the controller for modification of the stack operation.

    Fuel cell stack break-in procedures and break-in conditioning systems
    30.
    发明授权
    Fuel cell stack break-in procedures and break-in conditioning systems 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10158128B2

    公开(公告)日：2018-12-18

    申请号：US15451893

    申请日：2017-03-07

    Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

    Inventor： Jingxin Zhang ,  Nagappan Ramaswamy ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Swaminatha P. Kumaraguru

    IPC: H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/04119 ,  H01M8/04828 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04225 ,  H01M8/04302

    Abstract: Disclosed are fuel cell stack break-in procedures, conditioning systems for performing break-in procedures, and motor vehicles with a fuel cell stack conditioned in accordance with disclosed break-in procedures. A break-in method is disclosed for conditioning a membrane assembly of a fuel cell stack. The method includes transmitting humidified hydrogen to the anode of the membrane assembly, and transmitting deionized water to the cathode of the membrane assembly. An electric current and voltage cycle are applied across the fuel cell stack while the fuel cell stack is operated in a hydrogen pumping mode until the fuel cell stack is determined to operate at a predetermined threshold for a fuel cell stack voltage output capability. During hydrogen pumping, the membrane assembly oxidizes the humidified hydrogen, transports protons from the anode to the cathode across the proton conducting membrane, and regenerates the protons in the cathode through a hydrogen evolution reaction.

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