摘要:
An image bearing member having an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive layer, and a cross-linked surface layer overlying the photosensitive layer, which contains a cross-linked polymer and a first compound consisting essentially of a nitrogen atom and a phenyl group, biphenyl group, and condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group, or a second compound consisting essentially of a nitrogen atom and hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or aryl groups, substituted or non-substituted alkyl groups, substituted or non-substituted alkoxy groups, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl groups, substituted or non-substituted aryl group, substituted or non-substituted alkylene groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, or —OCO═CH2R16, in which R16 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or non-substituted aryl group.
摘要翻译:具有导电性基体的图像承载部件,覆盖导电层的感光层和覆盖感光层的交联表面层,其含有交联聚合物和基本上由氮原子和苯基组成的第一化合物 ,联苯基和稠合多环烃基,或基本上由氮原子和氢原子组成的第二化合物,卤素原子,烷基,烷氧基或芳基,取代或未取代的烷基,取代或未取代的 烷氧基,取代或未取代的芳烷基,取代或未取代的芳基,取代或未取代的亚烷基,氰基,硝基或-OCO = CH 2 R 16,其中R 16表示氢原子,取代或未取代的芳基, 未取代的烷基,取代或未取代的烷氧基,或取代或未取代的芳基。
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoconductor including a support, an undercoat layer, and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer being disposed on the support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes zinc oxide particles, a urethane bond-containing resin, and methylethyl ketone oxime, and the undercoat layer satisfies a formula below: 10
摘要:
A electrophotographic photoconductor is provided. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive support, an undercoat layer overlying the conductive support, and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a metal oxide particle, binder resin, and a compound having a urea group.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus having an image bearing member, a charger to charge the surface of the image bearing member, an irradiator to irradiate the image bearing member to form the latent image, a developing device to develop the latent electrostatic image with toner to obtain a visible image, a transfer device to transfer the visible image to a transfer medium by a transfer bias applied to a transfer area between the image bearing member and the transfer member, and a voltage detector to measure a first surface voltage and a second surface voltage under different conditions, and a life expectancy identification device to identify whether or when the expected working life of the image bearing member has come to the end based on a comparison of the first surface voltage and the second surface voltage.
摘要:
An image bearing member having an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive layer, and a cross-linked surface layer overlying the photosensitive layer, which contains a cross-linked polymer and a first compound consisting essentially of a nitrogen atom and a phenyl group, biphenyl group, and condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group, or a second compound consisting essentially of a nitrogen atom and hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or aryl groups, substituted or non-substituted alkyl groups, substituted or non-substituted alkoxy groups, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl groups, substituted or non-substituted aryl group, substituted or non-substituted alkylene groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, or —OCO═CH2R16, in which R16 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or non-substituted aryl group.
摘要:
A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate; and a protection layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protection layer includes a radical polymerizable compound having three or more radical polymerizable groups without a charge transportable group, a monofunctional radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group and a non-radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group.
摘要:
A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate; and a protection layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protection layer includes a radical polymerizable compound having three or more radical polymerizable groups without a charge transportable group, a monofunctional radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group and a non-radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate; a charge transport layer located overlying the charge generation layer; and an outermost layer located overlying the charge transport layer. The charge transport layer includes a positive hole transport material having the following formula (1): wherein each of R1 to R26 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a compound having the following formula (2): wherein each of R27 and R28 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
摘要:
A lubricant for use in an image forming apparatus, which contains a lubricant material and at least one of diamine compounds represented by chemical structure 1, 2, and 3, where R1 and R2 independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substitution group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substitution group, one of R1 and R2 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substitution group, R1 and R2 optionally share bond connectivity to form a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom, and Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substitution group, where R3 and R4 independently represent an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms optionally substituted by an aromatic hydrocarbon group, R3 and R4 optionally share bond connectivity to form a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom, Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent a substituted or a non-substituted aromatic ring group, l and m each, independently, represent an integer of from 0 to 3 except that both l and m are zero at the same time, and n represents 1 or 2.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including a latent image bearing member, a charging device, a latent electrostatic image formation device, a development device, a transfer device, and a lubricant supplying device, the latent image bearing member satisfying (I), (II) and (III): |(A1−B1)−(A2−B2)|≦5.0 (I) B1≧1 (atomic %) (II) 1 (nm)≦X≦30 (nm) (III), where, by XPS analysis, A1 and B1 represent oxygen and silicon atom content ratio in a cross-linked surface layer, respectively, A2 represents oxygen atom content ratio in a surface dug through a cross-linked surface layer along a direction perpendicular to the latent image bearing member surface, to an electroconductive substrate at depth point X where B1 decreases to not greater than B1×0.5, and B2 represents the silicone atom content ratio in the surface at X.