摘要:
There is suppressed deterioration of transmission quality resulting from FWM light generated in the optical fiber of an optical transmission apparatus that performs wavelength division multiplex transmission. To suppress deterioration of the transmission quality due to the FWM light the sender apparatus adjusts the intensity of wavelength-division-multiplexed light output to the optical fiber according to a level of FWM crosstalk observed by receiver apparatus.
摘要:
Direct alcohol fuel cells using solid acid electrolytes and internal reforming catalysts are disclosed. The fuel cell generally comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid acid electrolyte and an internal reforming catalyst. The internal reforming catalyst may comprise any suitable reformer and is positioned adjacent the anode. In this configuration the heat generated by the exothermic fuel cell catalyst reactions and ohmic heating of the fuel cell electrolyte drives the endothermic fuel reforming reaction, reforming the alcohol fuel into hydrogen. Any alcohol fuel may be used, e.g. methanol or ethanol. The fuel cells according to this invention show increased power density and cell voltage relative to direct alcohol fuel cells not using an internal reformer.
摘要:
Bending of an optical fiber where a heat may be generated by a high output power can be detected without using a dedicated light source. An optical communication module that outputs a continuous wave light generated by at least one light source to an optical fiber transmission line, includes: (1) a loss measurement unit that measures a loss of an amplified spontaneous emission generated by allowing the continuous wave light output from the light source to create stimulated Raman scattering in the optical fiber transmission line; (2) a fiber abnormality analyzer that detects the abnormal state of the optical fiber transmission line on the basis of loss information on the ASE measured by the loss measurement unit; and (3) a light source controller that controls a supply state of the continuous wave light from the light source on the basis of the detection of the fiber abnormality analyzer.
摘要:
An OADM device without a transponder unit does not mount the transponder in charge of separating a fault between the OADM device and an external device and is difficult to perform fault separation and to identify a fault interval. To solve this problem, for the OADM device without the transponder unit, the optical loop back function is provided by using such a switch as, for example, 2×2 optical switch. By identifying a fault developing interval by the use of the optical loop back function, fault separation at the time of occurrence of a fault can be facilitated.
摘要:
Optical signal transmission is improved by reducing the variance in light output level and OSNR by adjusting optical signal intensity and gain tilt, taking SRS influence into consideration.
摘要:
Optical signal transmission is improved by reducing the variance in light output level and OSNR by adjusting optical signal intensity and gain tilt, taking SRS influence into consideration.
摘要:
An OADM device without a transponder unit does not mount the transponder in charge of separating a fault between the OADM device and an external device and is difficult to perform fault separation and to identify a fault interval. To solve this problem, for the OADM device without the transponder unit, the optical loop back function is provided by using such a switch as, for example, 2×2 optical switch. By identifying a fault developing interval by the use of the optical loop back function, fault separation at the time of occurrence of a fault can be facilitated.
摘要:
A method and system for synchronizing words in an input text of a speech with a continuous recording of the speech. A received input text includes previously recorded content of the speech to be reproduced. A synthetic speech corresponding to the received input text is generated. Ratio data including a ratio between the respective pronunciation times of words included in the received text in the generated synthetic speech is computed. The ratio data is used to determine an association between erroneously recognized words of the received text and a time to reproduce each erroneously recognized word. The association is outputted in a recording medium and/or displayed on a display device.
摘要:
Optical signal transmission is improved by reducing the variance in light output level and OSNR by adjusting optical signal intensity and gain tilt, taking SRS influence into consideration.
摘要:
In a wavelength-division multiplexing system with an OADM, part of the chromatic dispersion on a transmission line is compensated for by a chromatic dispersion compensator for a dropped wavelength of the wavelength-division multiplexing system. Also, chromatic dispersion is compensated for by a chromatic dispersion compensator for an added wavelength of the wavelength-division multiplexing system. The chromatic dispersion compensator for dropped wavelength acts on the signal dropped by the OADM, and the chromatic dispersion compensator for added wavelength acts on the added signal. Both the chromatic dispersion compensators act on the passing signal. With the chromatic dispersion compensators being mounted in the optical transmission apparatus before the system is upgraded to OADM, it is not necessary to alter the chromatic dispersion compensating method and the variation of the communication quality can be suppressed.