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31 条记录 (耗时 0.027 秒)

    Preparation of formic acid
    21.
    发明授权
    Preparation of formic acid 失效
    甲酸的制备

    公开(公告)号：US4218568A

    公开(公告)日：1980-08-19

    申请号：US945878

    申请日：1978-09-26

    申请人： Heinz Hohenschutz ,  Johannes E. Schmidt ,  Hans Kiefer

    发明人： Heinz Hohenschutz ,  Johannes E. Schmidt ,  Hans Kiefer

    IPC分类号： C07C53/02 ,  B01J31/00 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/09 ,  C07C67/00

    CPC分类号： C07C51/09

    摘要： Formic acid is prepared by hydrolyzing methyl formate, the hydrolysis being carried out in the presence of from 0.5 to 3.0 moles, per mole of methyl formate, of a base which contains tertiary nitrogen atoms, boils at not less than 180.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure and has a pKa from 4 to 9, N-substituted imidazole derivatives being the preferred bases.

    摘要翻译： 甲酸通过水解甲酸甲酯制备，水解在0.5-3.0摩尔存在下，每摩尔甲酸甲酯，含有叔氮原子的碱，在大气压下沸腾至不低于180℃ pKa为4〜9，N-取代咪唑衍生物为优选的碱。

    Continuous manufacture of formamide
    22.
    发明授权
    Continuous manufacture of formamide 失效
    连续生产甲酰胺

    公开(公告)号：US4134915A

    公开(公告)日：1979-01-16

    申请号：US793788

    申请日：1977-05-05

    申请人： Heinz Hohenschutz ,  Max Strohmeyer ,  Manfred Herr ,  Hans Kiefer

    发明人： Heinz Hohenschutz ,  Max Strohmeyer ,  Manfred Herr ,  Hans Kiefer

    IPC分类号： C07C231/02 ,  C07C20060101 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C231/00 ,  C07C233/03 ,  C07C102/06

    CPC分类号： C07C231/02

    摘要： Formamide is manufactured continuously from methyl formate and gaseous ammonia. The reaction is carried out in a reactor at from 30 to 90.degree. C, from 5 to 20% by volume of the reactor output is drawn off continuously and fed to the formamide working-up stage, and the remainder of the reactor output is cooled, in an external circuit maintained by means of a pump, to from 25 to 60.degree. C and is mixed with the amount of fresh methyl formate required for steady-state operation, after which the appropriate amount of gaseous ammonia is introduced into the stream of liquid through a jet, by the sucking-jet principle, and the stream of liquid is recycled to the reactor.

    摘要翻译： 由甲酸甲酯和气态氨连续制备甲酰胺。 该反应在30-90℃的反应器中进行，5至20体积％的反应器输出连续排出，并送入甲酰胺处理阶段，反应器输出的其余部分被冷却 在通过泵保持的外部电路中，温度为25至60℃，并与稳态操作所需的新鲜甲酸甲酯的量混合，之后将适量的气态氨引入到 液体通过喷射原理通过射流，并且液体流被再循环到反应器中。

    Recovery of the formic acid/water azeotrope by distillation
    23.
    发明授权
    Recovery of the formic acid/water azeotrope by distillation 失效
    通过蒸馏回收甲酸/水共沸物

    公开(公告)号：US3983010A

    公开(公告)日：1976-09-28

    申请号：US547642

    申请日：1975-02-06

    申请人： Konrad Rauch ,  Hans Kiefer ,  Dieter Hesse ,  Max Strohmeyer ,  Heinz Hohenschutz

    发明人： Konrad Rauch ,  Hans Kiefer ,  Dieter Hesse ,  Max Strohmeyer ,  Heinz Hohenschutz

    IPC分类号： C07C53/02 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/44 ,  C07C67/00

    CPC分类号： C07C51/44

    摘要： Formic acid is isolated from mixtures containing formic acid, methyl formate, methanol and water by fractional distillation, the mixture being fed into the upper half of the distillation column and 5 to 15 theoretical plates being maintained above the feed point and 10 to 25 theoretical plates below the feed point. The formic acid is withdrawn at the bottom end of the column as an azeotrope with water, the azeotrope being in the liquid state or preferably in the vapor state.

    摘要翻译： 甲酸通过分馏从含有甲酸，甲酸甲酯，甲醇和水的混合物中分离，将混合物进料到蒸馏塔的上半部分，并将5至15个理论塔板保持在进料点上方和10至25个理论塔板 低于饲料点。 甲酸在塔的底端作为与水的共沸物排出，共沸物处于液态或优选处于蒸汽状态。

    Preparation of vitamin E
    25.
    发明授权
    Preparation of vitamin E 失效
    维生素E的制备

    公开(公告)号：US5468883A

    公开(公告)日：1995-11-21

    申请号：US302743

    申请日：1994-09-09

    申请人： Paul Grafen ,  Hans Kiefer ,  Hagen Jaedicke

    发明人： Paul Grafen ,  Hans Kiefer ,  Hagen Jaedicke

    IPC分类号： B01J31/04 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07D311/72

    CPC分类号： C07D311/72

    摘要： A process for preparing dl-.alpha.-tocopherol or dl-.alpha.-tocopheryl acetate by acid-catalyzed reaction of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone (TMH) with phytol or isophytol in a solvent at elevated temperature, with or without subsequent esterification of the resulting tocopherol with acetic anhydride, entails the reaction being carried out in the presence of a mixture of ortho-boric acid and certain aliphatic di- or tricarboxylic acids, preferably in the presence of a mixture of ortho-boric acid and oxalic acid.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 00498 Sec。 371日期1994年9月9日 102（e）1994年9月9日PCT 1993年3月5日PCT公布。 第WO93 / 19057号公报 日本1993年9月30日。一种通过2,3,5-三甲基氢醌（TMH）与植物醇或异植醇在溶剂中在升高的温度下酸催化反应制备dl-α-生育酚或dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯的方法， 随着或不用所得到的生育酚与乙酸酐的酯化反应，需要在邻 - 硼酸和某些脂肪族二 - 或三羧酸的混合物存在下进行反应，优选在邻 - 硼酸 酸和草酸。

    Preparation of formic acid by thermal cleavage of quaternary ammonium formates
    26.
    发明授权
    Preparation of formic acid by thermal cleavage of quaternary ammonium formates 失效
    通过季铵化合物的热裂解制备甲酸

    公开(公告)号：US5294740A

    公开(公告)日：1994-03-15

    申请号：US41048

    申请日：1993-03-31

    申请人： Hans Kiefer ,  Leopold Hupfer ,  Ferdinand Lippert

    发明人： Hans Kiefer ,  Leopold Hupfer ,  Ferdinand Lippert

    IPC分类号： C07C51/02 ,  C07C51/09 ,  C07C51/44

    CPC分类号： C07C51/02

    摘要： A process for preparing formic acid by thermal cleavage of quaternary ammonium formates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are C.sub.1 - to C.sub.14 -alkyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.16 -aralkyl, or together are 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted one to four times by C.sub.1 -to C.sub.4 -alkyl, with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 in the quaternary ammonium formates I is 7 to 40,comprises carrying out the cleavage in the presence of secondary formamides of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.16 -aralkyl, or together are 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted one to four times by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl,which formamides boil 30.degree. to 150.degree. C. lower than the tertiary amine of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings, contained in the formate I.

    摘要翻译： 通式I（*化学结构*）（I）的季铵盐的热裂解制备甲酸的方法，其中R 1，R 2和R 3是C 1〜C 14烷基，C 3〜C 8环烷基，芳基或 C7-至C16-芳烷基，或一起为未取代或被C1至C4-烷基取代1-4次的1,4-或1,5-亚烷基，条件是R1， 季铵盐I中的R 2和R 3为7至40，包括在通式II（*化学结构*）（II）的二级甲酰胺存在下进行裂解，其中R 4和R 5为C 2至C 10 - 烷基 ，C 3 -C 8 - 环烷基，芳基或C 7 - 至C 16 - 芳烷基，或者一起是未被取代或被C 1〜C 4 - 烷基取代1〜4次的1,4-或1,5-亚烷基， 比通式III的叔胺（*化学结构*）（III）低30〜150℃，其中R1，R2和R3具有上述含义，含有i 在甲板上

    Isolation of a carboxylic acid from an aqueous solution thereof
    27.
    发明授权
    Isolation of a carboxylic acid from an aqueous solution thereof 失效
    从其水溶液中分离羧酸

    公开(公告)号：US5189216A

    公开(公告)日：1993-02-23

    申请号：US730768

    申请日：1991-07-16

    申请人： Hans Kiefer ,  Werner Reutemann

    发明人： Hans Kiefer ,  Werner Reutemann

    IPC分类号： C07C51/50 ,  C07C51/48 ,  C07C53/02 ,  C07C53/08 ,  C07C53/122 ,  C07C57/07 ,  C07C231/02 ,  C07C233/04 ,  C07C233/05 ,  C07C233/06 ,  C07C233/07

    CPC分类号： C07C51/48

    摘要： A process for the isolation of a carboxylic acid of the general formula (I)R.sup.1 --COOH (I),in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, or vinyl, from a dilute aqueous solution thereof by extraction with a secondary amide of the general formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 has the meanings stated, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently of each other C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -aralkyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene group which may be mono- to penta-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, wherein the losses of secondary amide (II) are compensated by the addition of the corresponding amine of the general formula (III) ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meanings stated above.

    摘要翻译： 通过用二级酰胺萃取从其稀水溶液中分离通式（I）的羧酸R1-COOH（I）的方法，其中R 1表示氢，甲基，乙基或乙烯基 通式（II）其中R 1具有所述的含义，并且R 2和R 3彼此独立地为C 1 -C 8 - 烷基，C 3 -C 8 - 环烷基，C 4 -C 20环烷基烷基，芳基， C 20 - 芳烷基或R 2和R 3一起形成可被C 1 -C 4烷基单 - 五取代的1,4-亚烷基或1,5-亚烷基，其中仲酰胺（II）的损失由 加入其中R2和R3具有上述含义的通式（III）的相应胺。

    Passive dosimeter
    28.
    发明授权
    Passive dosimeter 失效
    被动剂量计

    公开(公告)号：US4704537A

    公开(公告)日：1987-11-03

    申请号：US698792

    申请日：1985-02-06

    申请人： Manfred Urban ,  Hans Kiefer

    发明人： Manfred Urban ,  Hans Kiefer

    IPC分类号： G01T5/10 ,  G01V5/00

    CPC分类号： G01T5/10 ,  Y10S250/02

    摘要： In a passive dosimeter including a diffusion chamber having an interior space, and an alpha particle detector located within the chamber for producing an indication of the concentration of radon and thoron gas and decay products and the relative percentages of radon and thoron individually, the diffusion chamber is constructed so that the interior space is open to the outside, the size of the detector and of the interior space are selected for causing the differences in path length of alpha particles in the interior space to permit the emission energy to be determined independently of the location of decay events, and the surface of the chamber bordering the interior space is electrically conductive.

    摘要翻译： 在包括具有内部空间的扩散室的无源剂量计和位于室内的α粒子检测器中，用于分别产生氡气和钍气的浓度和衰变产物的浓度以及氡和钍的相对百分比，扩散室 被构造成使得内部空间对外部开放，选择检测器和内部空间的尺寸以使内部空间中的α粒子的路径长度的差异允许独立于 衰变事件的位置以及与室内空间接近的室的表面是导电的。

    Detector device
    30.
    发明授权
    Detector device 失效
    检测装置

    公开(公告)号：US4400621A

    公开(公告)日：1983-08-23

    申请号：US230505

    申请日：1981-02-02

    申请人： Hans Kiefer ,  Hans-Gerd Rober

    发明人： Hans Kiefer ,  Hans-Gerd Rober

    IPC分类号： G01T1/16 ,  G01T1/18 ,  G01T1/38

    CPC分类号： G01T1/18 ,  G01T1/38 ,  B60T2240/08

    摘要： A device for simultaneously detecting alpha and beta particles which comprises a detector element, amplification means coupled to the output of the detector element and measuring means coupled to the output of the amplification means. The alpha and beta particles which impinge on the detector element exhibit different ionization densities, and this results in a voltage being generated at the output of the amplification means which has a rise time and amplitude corresponding to the type of particle impinging on the detector element. The measuring means measures at least the rise time of the voltage at the output of the amplification means, the rise time being different for the alpha and beta particles and providing a means for distinguishing between the two types of particles.

    摘要翻译： 用于同时检测α和β粒子的装置，其包括检测器元件，耦合到检测器元件的输出的放大装置和耦合到放大装置的输出的测量装置。 撞击在检测器元件上的α和β粒子表现出不同的电离密度，并且这导致在放大装置的输出处产生电压，其具有对应于撞击在检测器元件上的粒子的类型的上升时间和幅度。 测量装置至少测量放大装置的输出处的电压的上升时间，对于α和β颗粒的上升时间是不同的，并且提供了用于区分两种类型的颗粒的装置。