摘要:
A method of producing a fiber, comprising the steps of introducing catalytic particles originally formed in a particle-forming chamber into an arraying chamber together with a carrier gas, to cause the catalytic particles to become arranged on a substrate disposed in the arraying chamber. A next step includes growing fibers, each including carbon as a major component, based on the catalytic particles arranged on the substrate. The fibers grow by heating the catalytic particles arranged on the substrate in an atmosphere containing carbon.
摘要:
An etching process includes the steps of: preparing an etchant containing ferric chloride and an anticorrosive agent for Cu, and etching with said etchant a multi-layer metal structure including a Cu layer and an Ni layer. The etchant may preferably further contain ferrous chloride. The etching process is effective in making etching rates of the respective substantially equal, thus suppressing occurrence of burr portions of the Ni layers.
摘要:
A two-wavelength antireflection film is constituted by a multi-layered film provided on a substrate so as to have antireflection characteristics for a wavelength .lambda..sub.1 and a wavelength .lambda..sub.2 different from the wavelength .lambda..sub.1. Each of the materials constituting the multi-layered film has a refractive index not exceeding 1.7 for a central wavelength .lambda..sub.0 which is defined by2/.lambda..sub.0 =1/.lambda..sub.1 +1/.lambda..sub.2.The materials constituting the multi-layered film are Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2 and MgF.sub.2, or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and MgF.sub.2. Each of plural films constituting the multi-layered film has an optical thickness equal to 1/4 of the central wavelength .lambda..sub.0.