公开(公告)号：US5235279A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-10

申请号：US837317

申请日：1992-02-19

申请人： Leon Kaufman ,  Joseph W. Carlson ,  Hector E. Avram

发明人： Leon Kaufman ,  Joseph W. Carlson ,  Hector E. Avram

IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/34 ,  G01R33/381 ,  G01R33/385 ,  G01R33/389

CPC分类号： G01R33/385

摘要： An auxiliary insert MRI gradient coil is used to produce intense auxiliary magnetic gradient pulses during MRI sequences to improve MRI system performance. Although the auxiliary gradient coil may be of considerably reduced dimensions, thus, having considerably reduced uniformity, linearity and/or reproducibility than standard MRI gradient coils, coordinated use of both the regular MRI gradient coils and the auxiliary gradient coil can produce considerably enhanced MRI system performance in certain applications. Such auxiliary magnetic gradient coil may be used, for example, to provide spoiler pulses between MRI spin echo subsequences, as diffusion gradient pulses in diffusion MRI studies or as the oscillating gradient used to form successive gradient echoes in echo planar imaging.

摘要翻译： 辅助插入MRI梯度线圈用于在MRI序列期间产生强烈的辅助磁梯度脉冲，以改善MRI系统性能。 虽然辅助梯度线圈可能具有相当大的减小的尺寸，因此，与标准MRI梯度线圈相比，具有显着降低的均匀性，线性和/或再现性，协调使用常规MRI梯度线圈和辅助梯度线圈可以产生显着增强的MRI系统 在某些应用中的性能。 例如，这种辅助磁梯度线圈可以用于在MRI自旋回波子序列之间提供扰流脉冲，作为扩散MRI研究中的扩散梯度脉冲或用作在回波平面成像中形成连续梯度回波的振荡梯度。

公开(公告)号：US09169440B2

公开(公告)日：2015-10-27

申请号：US13492796

申请日：2012-06-08

申请人： Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： C07C1/00 ,  C01G1/04 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B49/16 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10B57/02

CPC分类号： C10B53/00 ,  C10B49/16 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10B57/02 ,  C10G1/02

摘要： A method of concurrently retorting dissimilar hydrocarbonaceous resource streams comprising at least two rotary kilns arranged in a series and closely coupled in an air-tight continuous process flow configuration so as to create a virtual singular rotary kiln yet having distinct residence times and temperature differentials and material processing zones also having continuous thermal coupling and process efficiency achieved by passing along from the first rotary kiln all of the hot spent inorganic waste materials between and into the at least second rotary kiln to then have other dissimilar hydrocarbonaceous matter added therein and differentially heated until the hot inorganic waste materials are released from the at least the second rotary kiln and the increasing residual waste matter volume generated in the combined serial process is ultimately discharged into a secondary heat recovery system.

摘要翻译： 一种同时蒸馏异种含烃资源物流的方法，包括至少两个以气密连续的流程结构串联并紧密耦合的回转窑，以产生具有不同停留时间和温度差异和材料的虚拟单回转窑 处理区也具有连续的热耦合和工艺效率，这是通过将第一回转窑中的所有热废弃无机废弃材料从至少第二回转窑进入并进入至少第二回转窑之间而获得的，然后再加入其中的不同含烃物质并进行差分加热直至 热无机废物从至少第二回转窑释放出来，并且在组合串联方法中产生的不断增加的残余废物体积最终被排放到二次热回收系统中。

公开(公告)号：US5245286A

公开(公告)日：1993-09-14

申请号：US702428

申请日：1991-05-20

申请人： Joseph W. Carlson ,  David M. Goldhaber

发明人： Joseph W. Carlson ,  David M. Goldhaber

IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/387 ,  G01R33/3875 ,  G01R33/389 ,  G01R33/56 ,  G01R33/565

CPC分类号： G01R33/389 ,  G01R33/56563

摘要： A pair of serially-connected coils detect noise variations in an MRI background magnetic field. Although the coils are closely coupled to the primary background magnetic field generator of the MRI system, they are disposed so as to be substantially de-coupled from rapidly changing MRI gradient magnetic fields. The noise detecting loops drive a negative feedback loop including a low pass filter, amplifier and controlled current source driving a large correcting loop. The device attenuates background magnetic field noise during MRI data acquisition over a frequency band extending from a few millihertz to more than 100 Hz. It is preferably used with existing field stabilization software that otherwise compensates for fluctuations in an overlapping frequency band which starts at d.c. Thus, when used together, background magnetic field noise may be attenuated (or compensated for in subsequent MRI data processing) over a frequency band that extends from d.c. to more than 100 Hz.

摘要翻译： 一对串联线圈检测MRI背景磁场中的噪声变化。 虽然线圈紧密耦合到MRI系统的主要背景磁场发生器，但是它们被布置成与快速变化的MRI梯度磁场基本上脱耦合。 噪声检测环路驱动负反馈回路，包括低通滤波器，放大器和驱动大校正环路的受控电流源。 该装置在从几毫赫到多于100赫兹的频带上的MRI数据采集期间衰减背景磁场噪声。 它优选与现有的场稳定软件一起使用，否则补偿以直流开始的重叠频带中的波动。 因此，当一起使用时，背景磁场噪声可以在从直流延伸的频带上衰减（或在随后的MRI数据处理中补偿）。 超过100 Hz。

公开(公告)号：US4983921A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-08

申请号：US395841

申请日：1989-08-18

申请人： David M. Kramer ,  Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： David M. Kramer ,  Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： G01R33/46 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/58

CPC分类号： G01R33/58 ,  G01R33/583

摘要： Techniques for rapidly and accurately calibrating RF transmitter parameters in a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system obtain an estimate of flip (nutation) angle by determining a ratio of plural echo responses to a plural (e.g., three) RF pulse sequence. The ratio may be selected to be independent of relaxation times T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 so no relaxation waiting time between successive iterations is required. Accurate RF transmitter level calibration can be performed within on the order of three to five seconds. The techniques are robust and can discriminate flip angles over a wide range.

摘要翻译： 用于在核磁共振（NMR）磁共振成像（MRI）系统中快速和精确地校准RF发射机参数的技术通过确定多个（例如三个）RF（多个）RF（多个）的多个回波响应的比率来获得翻转（章动）角的估计 脉冲序列。 该比率可以被选择为与弛豫时间T1和T2无关，因此不需要连续迭代之间的松弛等待时间。 精确的射频发射机电平校准可以在三到五秒的量级内执行。 这些技术是坚固的，可以在很宽的范围内区分翻转角。

公开(公告)号：US4820988A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-11

申请号：US105738

申请日：1987-10-07

申请人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Lawrence E. Crooks ,  Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： G01R33/20 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/38 ,  G01R33/385

CPC分类号： G01R33/385

摘要： In a gradient coil set for a magnetic resonance system, the y gradient coils are located substantially closer to the patient than are the x and z gradient coils. As a result, one may design the y gradient coils to produce a stronger y gradient, to have reduced inductance or otherwise better tailor the magnetic/electrical properties of the gradient coil set for MRI imaging sequences. In the exemplary embodiment, at least portions of the y gradient coils have a first spacing from the z-axis while the x and z gradient coils have a second substantially larger spacing from the z-axis. Furthermore, while the x and z gradient coils are centered about the z-axis in the patient access space, alternate sides of the y gradient coil set are centered about respectively off-set centers vertically displaced from the z-axis center of the patient access area. The result is a substantially rectangular or elliptical patient access opening with horizontal dimensions defined by the x, z coils sets and vertical dimensions defined by the y coil set.

公开(公告)号：US20090106169A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-23

申请号：US12104158

申请日：2008-04-16

申请人： Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： G06Q40/00

CPC分类号： G06Q40/06 ,  G06Q40/00 ,  G06Q40/04 ,  G06Q40/10

摘要： A business method for deferring federal corporate income tax, whereby a pass-through entity, such as an LLC, is linked to an FT Corporation, which functions as a portable subset of a tribal reservation. Such a structure enables investors to participate as direct equity shareholders in the pass-through entity, thereby ensuring their right to vote as a minor or majority equity interest holders. The structure also enables those investors to participate as virtual equity shareholders in the FT Corporation, so that they can enjoy the tax-exempt status and other financial benefits that have been conferred upon FT Corporations by the Federal Government as a means to help Indian Tribes achieve economic self-determination, without those business entities being disqualified for such special treatment.

摘要翻译： 推迟联邦公司所得税的商业方法，即通过实体，如有限责任公司，与FT公司挂钩，FT公司作为部落保留的便携式子集。 这种结构使得投资者能够作为直接股东参与直通实体，从而确保其投票权为小额或多数股权持有人。 该结构还使这些投资者能够作为虚拟股东参与FT公司，从而可以享受联邦政府赋予FT公司的免税地位和其他财务利益，作为帮助印度部落达成目标的手段 经济自决，没有这些商业实体被取消资格进行这种特殊待遇。

公开(公告)号：US6147492A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-14

申请号：US179955

申请日：1998-10-28

申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01R33/54 ,  G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/4828

摘要： A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method and apparatus is disclosed for quantitating water and fat content of tissues using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image data of the tissues and for producing an images indicative of the fat and water fractions of the total water and fat content of the tissues. To reduce the overall scanning time, a quadruple field-echo imaging scan sequence is used to acquire the image data. Each imaging sequence comprises an initial slice-selective RF excitation pulse followed by four magnetic field read-out gradient pulses and the acquisition of four separate field-echoes. Each field-echo is generated through the controlled timing and polarity of an applied read gradient. The period of time between field-echoes (T) is selected according to the chemical-shift difference between water and fat signals so that the two signals develop between them an angular phase difference of .pi. radians (180.degree.) during the inter-echo time. Resulting field-echo signals acquired from two scans, one scan preferably having a sequence repetition period (TR) twice that of the other, are analyzed to determine the tissue fat and water fractions for each pixel and produce corresponding fraction images.

摘要翻译： 公开了使用组织的核磁共振（NMR）图像数据定量组织的水分和脂肪含量的磁共振成像（MRI）方法和装置，并且用于产生指示总水分和脂肪的脂肪和水分数的图像 组织的含量。 为了减少整体扫描时间，使用四倍场回波成像扫描序列来获取图像数据。 每个成像序列包括初始切片选择性RF激发脉冲，随后是四个磁场读出梯度脉冲，并且获取四个单独的场回波。 通过受控的应用读取梯度的定时和极性产生每个场回波。 根据水和脂肪信号之间的化学位移差选择场回波（T）之间的时间段，使得两个信号在它们之间产生在回波间时间内的π弧度（180度）的角度相位差 。 分析从两次扫描获得的所得到的场回波信号，优选地具有两倍的序列重复周期（TR）的一次扫描，以确定每个像素的组织脂肪和水分数并产生相应的分数图像。

公开(公告)号：US5572129A

公开(公告)日：1996-11-05

申请号：US374883

申请日：1995-01-19

申请人： Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： G01R33/421 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/422 ,  H05K9/00 ,  G01R33/42

CPC分类号： G01R33/422

摘要： A RF shield for an MRI system with a cylindrical geometry is disclosed. The RF shield is a plurality of panels with polyester on one side and copper cladding on the other side. The shingles include an adhesive so the shingles can be overlapped onto each other such that half of each shingle adheres to an adjacent shingle and the other half of the shingle adheres to the inside surface of the gradient coil assembly.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有圆柱形几何形状的MRI系统的RF屏蔽。 RF屏蔽是在一侧具有聚酯并且在另一侧具有铜包层的多个面板。 带状疱疹包括粘合剂，使得带状疱疹可以彼此重叠，使得每个木瓦的一半粘附到相邻的木瓦上，另一半的木瓦粘附到梯度线圈组件的内表面。

公开(公告)号：US4857846A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-15

申请号：US176251

申请日：1988-03-31

申请人： Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/3415 ,  G01R33/36 ,  G01R33/48

CPC分类号： G01R33/3621 ,  G01R33/3415 ,  G01R33/5611

摘要： Method and apparatus for more rapidly capturing MRI data by receiving and recording NMR RF responses in plural substantially independent RF signal receiving and processing channels during the occurrence of an NMR RF response. The resulting plural data sets respectively provided by the plural RF channels are then used to produce multiply phase-encoded MRI data from the single NMR RF response. Practical examples are disclosed for reducing required MRI data capturing time by factors of at least about one-half.

公开(公告)号：US4878022A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-31

申请号：US257801

申请日：1988-10-14

申请人： Joseph W. Carlson

发明人： Joseph W. Carlson

IPC分类号： G01R33/32 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/34 ,  G01R33/341

CPC分类号： G01R33/341

摘要： The signal-to-noise ratio achievable for received nuclear magnetic resonance RF signals in a magnetic resonance imaging system is increased by (a) using relatively wider strips of conductor so as to reduce coil loading by the sample and (b) the use of curved edges on a coil conductor so as to reduce "hot spots" located near the conductor surfaces.