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    Quantitative MR imaging of water and fat using a quadruple-echo sequence
    1.
    发明授权
    Quantitative MR imaging of water and fat using a quadruple-echo sequence 有权
    使用四重回波序列对水和脂肪进行定量MR成像

    公开(公告)号：US6147492A

    公开(公告)日：2000-11-14

    申请号：US179955

    申请日：1998-10-28

    申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  Joseph W. Carlson

    发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  Joseph W. Carlson

    IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01R33/54 ,  G01V3/00

    CPC分类号： G01R33/4828

    摘要： A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method and apparatus is disclosed for quantitating water and fat content of tissues using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image data of the tissues and for producing an images indicative of the fat and water fractions of the total water and fat content of the tissues. To reduce the overall scanning time, a quadruple field-echo imaging scan sequence is used to acquire the image data. Each imaging sequence comprises an initial slice-selective RF excitation pulse followed by four magnetic field read-out gradient pulses and the acquisition of four separate field-echoes. Each field-echo is generated through the controlled timing and polarity of an applied read gradient. The period of time between field-echoes (T) is selected according to the chemical-shift difference between water and fat signals so that the two signals develop between them an angular phase difference of .pi. radians (180.degree.) during the inter-echo time. Resulting field-echo signals acquired from two scans, one scan preferably having a sequence repetition period (TR) twice that of the other, are analyzed to determine the tissue fat and water fractions for each pixel and produce corresponding fraction images.

    摘要翻译： 公开了使用组织的核磁共振（NMR）图像数据定量组织的水分和脂肪含量的磁共振成像（MRI）方法和装置，并且用于产生指示总水分和脂肪的脂肪和水分数的图像 组织的含量。 为了减少整体扫描时间，使用四倍场回波成像扫描序列来获取图像数据。 每个成像序列包括初始切片选择性RF激发脉冲，随后是四个磁场读出梯度脉冲，并且获取四个单独的场回波。 通过受控的应用读取梯度的定时和极性产生每个场回波。 根据水和脂肪信号之间的化学位移差选择场回波（T）之间的时间段，使得两个信号在它们之间产生在回波间时间内的π弧度（180度）的角度相位差 。 分析从两次扫描获得的所得到的场回波信号，优选地具有两倍的序列重复周期（TR）的一次扫描，以确定每个像素的组织脂肪和水分数并产生相应的分数图像。

    Method of using waste hot rock transfer to thermally conjoin disparate carbonaceous-rich process streams
    2.
    发明授权
    Method of using waste hot rock transfer to thermally conjoin disparate carbonaceous-rich process streams 有权
    使用废热转移热结合不同含碳富集工艺流的方法

    公开(公告)号：US09169440B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-27

    申请号：US13492796

    申请日：2012-06-08

    申请人： Joseph W. Carlson

    发明人： Joseph W. Carlson

    IPC分类号： C07C1/00 ,  C01G1/04 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10B49/16 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10B57/02

    CPC分类号： C10B53/00 ,  C10B49/16 ,  C10B53/06 ,  C10B57/02 ,  C10G1/02

    摘要： A method of concurrently retorting dissimilar hydrocarbonaceous resource streams comprising at least two rotary kilns arranged in a series and closely coupled in an air-tight continuous process flow configuration so as to create a virtual singular rotary kiln yet having distinct residence times and temperature differentials and material processing zones also having continuous thermal coupling and process efficiency achieved by passing along from the first rotary kiln all of the hot spent inorganic waste materials between and into the at least second rotary kiln to then have other dissimilar hydrocarbonaceous matter added therein and differentially heated until the hot inorganic waste materials are released from the at least the second rotary kiln and the increasing residual waste matter volume generated in the combined serial process is ultimately discharged into a secondary heat recovery system.

    摘要翻译： 一种同时蒸馏异种含烃资源物流的方法，包括至少两个以气密连续的流程结构串联并紧密耦合的回转窑，以产生具有不同停留时间和温度差异和材料的虚拟单回转窑 处理区也具有连续的热耦合和工艺效率，这是通过将第一回转窑中的所有热废弃无机废弃材料从至少第二回转窑进入并进入至少第二回转窑之间而获得的，然后再加入其中的不同含烃物质并进行差分加热直至 热无机废物从至少第二回转窑释放出来，并且在组合串联方法中产生的不断增加的残余废物体积最终被排放到二次热回收系统中。

    MRI magnet with robust laminated magnetic circuit member and method of making same
    4.
    发明授权
    MRI magnet with robust laminated magnetic circuit member and method of making same 失效
    具有坚固的层叠磁路元件的MRI磁体及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US5317297A

    公开(公告)日：1994-05-31

    申请号：US141701

    申请日：1993-10-26

    申请人： Leon Kaufman ,  Joseph W. Carlson ,  Shigemasu Okada ,  Shigeo Hashimoto

    发明人： Leon Kaufman ,  Joseph W. Carlson ,  Shigemasu Okada ,  Shigeo Hashimoto

    IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/20 ,  G01R33/38 ,  G01R33/381 ,  G01R33/383 ,  G01R33/385 ,  H01F3/00

    CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 ,  G01R33/383 ,  G01R33/385

    摘要： An MRI magnet member (e.g., a pole piece or tip) is laminated using relatively large bar-shaped laminations instead of the usual thin sheet material. One or more layers of such bar-shaped laminations are arrayed with small insulating gaps into which a low loss insulating liquid filler material is flowed and then cured to a hardened solid state. This simultaneously produces insulated pole tip laminations which have been robustly integrated together into a unitary structure. The resulting robust laminated pole tip is relatively easy to manufacture and is also capable of withstanding rather large magnetic forces and maintaining relatively uniform magnetic field distribution within an MRI imaging region while yet providing providing sufficient eddy current reduction so as to efficiently permit rapidly changing magnetic gradient coil currents to be established.

    摘要翻译： 使用相对较大的棒状叠片而不是通常的薄片材料层叠MRI磁体构件（例如，极片或尖端）。 这种棒状叠片的一层或多层排列有小的绝缘间隙，低损失绝缘液体填充材料流入其中，然后固化至硬化固体状态。 这同时产生绝缘极尖叠片，它们已经牢固地集成在一起成为一体的结构。 所得到的坚固的层叠极尖相对容易制造，并且还能够承受相当大的磁力并且在MRI成像区域内保持相对均匀的磁场分布，同时还提供足够的涡流减少以便有效地允许快速变化的磁梯度 线圈电流要建立。

    Apparatus and method for stabilizing the background magnetic field during MRI
    5.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for stabilizing the background magnetic field during MRI 失效
    MRI检测背景磁场的装置及方法

    公开(公告)号：US5245286A

    公开(公告)日：1993-09-14

    申请号：US702428

    申请日：1991-05-20

    申请人： Joseph W. Carlson ,  David M. Goldhaber

    发明人： Joseph W. Carlson ,  David M. Goldhaber

    IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/387 ,  G01R33/3875 ,  G01R33/389 ,  G01R33/56 ,  G01R33/565

    CPC分类号： G01R33/389 ,  G01R33/56563

    摘要： A pair of serially-connected coils detect noise variations in an MRI background magnetic field. Although the coils are closely coupled to the primary background magnetic field generator of the MRI system, they are disposed so as to be substantially de-coupled from rapidly changing MRI gradient magnetic fields. The noise detecting loops drive a negative feedback loop including a low pass filter, amplifier and controlled current source driving a large correcting loop. The device attenuates background magnetic field noise during MRI data acquisition over a frequency band extending from a few millihertz to more than 100 Hz. It is preferably used with existing field stabilization software that otherwise compensates for fluctuations in an overlapping frequency band which starts at d.c. Thus, when used together, background magnetic field noise may be attenuated (or compensated for in subsequent MRI data processing) over a frequency band that extends from d.c. to more than 100 Hz.

    摘要翻译： 一对串联线圈检测MRI背景磁场中的噪声变化。 虽然线圈紧密耦合到MRI系统的主要背景磁场发生器，但是它们被布置成与快速变化的MRI梯度磁场基本上脱耦合。 噪声检测环路驱动负反馈回路，包括低通滤波器，放大器和驱动大校正环路的受控电流源。 该装置在从几毫赫到多于100赫兹的频带上的MRI数据采集期间衰减背景磁场噪声。 它优选与现有的场稳定软件一起使用，否则补偿以直流开始的重叠频带中的波动。 因此，当一起使用时，背景磁场噪声可以在从直流延伸的频带上衰减（或在随后的MRI数据处理中补偿）。 超过100 Hz。

    Rapid calibration of nutation angles in MRI
    6.
    发明授权
    Rapid calibration of nutation angles in MRI 失效
    快速校正MRI中的章动角度

    公开(公告)号：US4983921A

    公开(公告)日：1991-01-08

    申请号：US395841

    申请日：1989-08-18

    申请人： David M. Kramer ,  Joseph W. Carlson

    发明人： David M. Kramer ,  Joseph W. Carlson

    IPC分类号： G01R33/46 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/58

    CPC分类号： G01R33/58 ,  G01R33/583

    摘要： Techniques for rapidly and accurately calibrating RF transmitter parameters in a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system obtain an estimate of flip (nutation) angle by determining a ratio of plural echo responses to a plural (e.g., three) RF pulse sequence. The ratio may be selected to be independent of relaxation times T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 so no relaxation waiting time between successive iterations is required. Accurate RF transmitter level calibration can be performed within on the order of three to five seconds. The techniques are robust and can discriminate flip angles over a wide range.

    摘要翻译： 用于在核磁共振（NMR）磁共振成像（MRI）系统中快速和精确地校准RF发射机参数的技术通过确定多个（例如三个）RF（多个）RF（多个）的多个回波响应的比率来获得翻转（章动）角的估计 脉冲序列。 该比率可以被选择为与弛豫时间T1和T2无关，因此不需要连续迭代之间的松弛等待时间。 精确的射频发射机电平校准可以在三到五秒的量级内执行。 这些技术是坚固的，可以在很宽的范围内区分翻转角。

    Inherently de-coupled sandwiched solenoidal array coil
    9.
    发明授权
    Inherently de-coupled sandwiched solenoidal array coil 有权
    固有的去耦合夹层螺线管阵列线圈

    公开(公告)号：US06493572B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

    申请号：US09408506

    申请日：1999-09-30

    申请人： Sunyu Su ,  Leon Kaufman ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Joseph W. Carlson

    发明人： Sunyu Su ,  Leon Kaufman ,  Mitsuaki Arakawa ,  Joseph W. Carlson

    IPC分类号： A61B5055

    CPC分类号： G01R33/3415

    摘要： An inherently de-coupled sandwiched solenoidal array coil (SSAC) is disclosed for use in receiving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) radio frequency (RF) signals in both horizontal and vertical-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. In its most basic configuration, the SSAC comprises two coaxial RF receive coils. The first coil of the array has two solenoidal (or loop) sections that are separated from one another along a common axis. The two sections are electrically connected in series but the conductors in each section are wound in opposite directions so that a current through the coil sets up a magnetic field of opposite polarity in each section. The second coil of the SSAC is disposed (“sandwiched”) between the two separated solenoidal sections of the first coil in a region where the combined opposing magnetic fields cancel to become a null. Due to the winding arrangement and geometrical symmetry, the receive coils of the array become electromagnetically “de-coupled” from one another while still maintaining their sensitivity toward receiving NMR signals. The multiple coil array arrangement also allows for selecting between a larger or smaller field-of-view (FOV) to avoid image fold-over problems without time penalty in image data acquisition. Alternative embodiments are disclosed which include unequal constituent coil diameters, unequal constituent coil windings, non-coaxial coil configurations, a three-coil quadrature detection (QD) SSAC arrangement, multiple SSAC arrangements, and optimized SSAC configurations for breast imaging in both horizontal and vertical-field MRI systems.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种固有的去耦合的夹层螺线管阵列线圈（SSAC），用于在水平和垂直场磁共振成像（MRI）系统中接收核磁共振（NMR）射频（RF）信号。 在其最基本的配置中，SSAC包括两个同轴RF接收线圈。 阵列的第一个线圈具有沿公共轴彼此分离的两个螺线管（或环）部分。 两个部分串联电连接，但每个部分中的导体沿相反的方向缠绕，使得通过线圈的电流在每个部分中建立相反极性的磁场。 SSAC的第二线圈在组合的相对磁场取消为零的区域中被布置（“夹持”在第一线圈的两个分离的螺线管部分之间）。 由于绕组布置和几何对称性，阵列的接收线圈彼此电磁“去耦合”，同时仍然保持对接收NMR信号的灵敏度。 多线圈阵列布置还允许在更大或更小的视场（FOV）之间进行选择，以避免图像折叠问题，而在图像数据采集中没有时间损失。 公开了包括不等构成线圈直径，不相等的构成线圈绕组，非同轴线圈配置，三线圈正交检测（QD）SSAC布置，多个SSAC布置以及用于乳腺成像在水平和垂直方向上的优化SSAC配置的替代实施例 场MRI系统。