公开(公告)号：US07995269B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-09

申请号：US12264873

申请日：2008-11-04

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H04B10/2916

摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique.

摘要翻译： 具有快速拉曼倾斜或其他瞬态事件控制的具有成本效益的光传输方法使用铒掺杂光纤放大器（EDFA）和拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的组合，其中EDFA用作主要光放大器以补偿跨度 损失，而RFA（有利地是前馈RFA）仅在具有用作快速拉曼倾斜瞬态补偿器的前馈控制电路的某些特定跨度中使用，RFA也用作光放大器。 使用前馈控制RFA的长距离光传输系统，例如当使用插入多路复用时，其长度周期性地间隔开，从而充分利用了EDFA的经济性和由RFA实现的RFA的快速倾斜瞬态控制能力 可调速度前馈或反馈控制技术。

公开(公告)号：US07898732B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-01

申请号：US12137250

申请日：2008-06-11

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H04B10/17 ,  H01S3/30 ,  H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094011 ,  H01S3/094046 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H04B10/2916 ,  H04B10/2942 ,  H04B10/296

摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于控制具有正向光泵和反向光泵的双向泵浦拉曼光纤放大器的增益的方法和装置。 通过调整正向光泵来控制总体增益，而反向光泵的功率电平基本上是固定的。 增益电路以开环配置工作，并且使用将至少一个波长区域的功率变化与至少一个正向光泵的泵浦功率调整相关联的预定功能。 输入信号功率变化与所需泵浦功率调整之间的两个近似线性关系用于控制拉曼光纤放大器。 每个近似线性关系包括至少一个线性系数，其涉及特定波长区域的功率变化和特定拉曼泵的功率调整。

公开(公告)号：US20070291351A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-20

申请号：US11424306

申请日：2006-06-15

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1305 ,  H01S3/1608 ,  H01S3/2375 ,  H01S3/302 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H04B10/2916 ,  H04B10/296

摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique. In addition, the introduced RFA also performs a dynamic gain equalization function which may eliminate the need or at least reduce the number of standalone dynamic gain equalizers which are required for an ultra-long-haul (ULH) WDM system to compensate for tilt. The invention is also applicable to the common EDFA/Raman hybrid systems and to some all-Raman systems where backward-pumped RFAs are used at each span to enhance Raman transient event control speed.

公开(公告)号：US20070291349A1

公开(公告)日：2007-12-20

申请号：US11424307

申请日：2006-06-15

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H04B10/2916

摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique. In addition, the introduced RFA also performs a dynamic gain equalization function which may eliminate the need or at least reduce the number of standalone dynamic gain equalizers which are required for an ultra-long-haul (ULH) WDM system to compensate for tilt. The invention is also applicable to the common EDFA/Raman hybrid systems and to some all-Raman systems where backward-pumped RFAs are used at each span to enhance Raman transient event control speed.

摘要翻译： 具有快速拉曼倾斜或其他瞬态事件控制的具有成本效益的光传输方法使用掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）和拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的组合，其中EDFA用作主要光放大器以补偿跨距 损失，而RFA（有利地是前馈RFA）仅在具有用作快速拉曼倾斜瞬态补偿器的前馈控制电路的某些特定跨度中使用，RFA也用作光放大器。 使用前馈控制RFA的长距离光传输系统，例如当使用插入多路复用时，其长度周期性地间隔开，从而充分利用了EDFA的经济性和由RFA实现的RFA的快速倾斜瞬态控制能力 可调速度前馈或反馈控制技术。 此外，引入的RFA还执行动态增益均衡功能，其可以消除对超长距离（ULH）WDM系统所需的补偿倾斜的需要或至少减少独立的动态增益均衡器的数量。 本发明还可应用于普通的EDFA /拉曼混合系统和一些全拉曼系统，其中在每个跨度处使用反向泵浦RFA以增强拉曼瞬态事件控制速度。

公开(公告)号：US20070258132A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-08

申请号：US11381244

申请日：2006-05-02

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/09408 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S2301/02 ,  H04B10/2916

摘要： An improved feedback-based dynamic gain control technique for a WDM system employing multi-wavelength-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs) is proposed, in which only one feedback or feed-forward signal is required for the control of multiple Raman pumps. Compared to the traditional method requiring multiple feedback signals for multiple pumps, the proposed method results in substantial simplification of the control circuit and also exhibits faster control speed. Moreover, the proposed method allows use of the total signal gain as the feedback signal, which is more robust against polarization-related issues than the traditional method using signal powers at several different channels as the feedback signals. The improved technique has advantage for dynamic gain control in a backward-pumped distributed RFA because the feedback signal may be detected right after the RFA. For feed-forward, a telemetry channel may be used to send the feed-forward signal to a feed-forward control circuit for the multiple Raman pumps. In addition, the feed-forward control technique and the feedback control technique may be used together to achieve better performance than using each of them separately to control multiple Raman pumps. Polarization-related issues may be reduced by utilizing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise as the feedback signal for a feedback-based gain control circuit for the RFA.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用于采用多波长泵浦拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的WDM系统的改进的基于反馈的动态增益控制技术，其中仅需要一个反馈或前馈信号来控制多个拉曼泵。 与传统方法相比，对于多个泵需要多个反馈信号，所提出的方法可以大大简化控制电路，并且还具有更快的控制速度。 此外，所提出的方法允许使用总信号增益作为反馈信号，其对于偏振相关问题比在几个不同信道处使用信号功率的传统方法作为反馈信号更加鲁棒。 改进的技术对于反向泵浦分布式RFA中的动态增益控制具有优势，因为可以在RFA之后正确检测反馈信号。 对于前馈，可以使用遥测通道将前馈信号发送到多个拉曼泵的前馈控制电路。 此外，前馈控制技术和反馈控制技术可以一起使用以实现比分别使用它们来控制多个拉曼泵更好的性能。 通过利用放大的自发发射（ASE）噪声作为用于RFA的基于反馈的增益控制电路的反馈信号，可以减少极化相关问题。

公开(公告)号：US20070109628A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-17

申请号：US11424315

申请日：2006-06-15

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/296 ,  H01S3/005 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/06766 ,  H01S3/0677 ,  H01S3/094011 ,  H01S3/094046 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/10007 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/302 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H01S2301/06 ,  H04B10/2916 ,  H04B10/2942

摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.

公开(公告)号：US06813067B1

公开(公告)日：2004-11-02

申请号：US10288131

申请日：2002-11-05

申请人： Martin Birk ,  Xiang Zhou

发明人： Martin Birk ,  Xiang Zhou

IPC分类号： H01S300

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/1022 ,  H01S2301/02

摘要： A method and apparatus is presented which reduces noise degradation in the shorter wavelength band by using modulation of one/multiple pumps plus multiple-order Raman amplification. Such a scheme is very suitable for the case of SSMF fiber where pump-pump induced four-wave mixing (FWM) effects are negligible. Further, a group Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM) configuration is provided to simultaneously reduce the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and pump-pump induced FWM effects for the case of NZ-DSF fiber.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法和装置，其通过使用一个/多个泵加多次拉曼放大的调制来减少较短波段中的噪声降低。 这种方案非常适合于泵浦泵浦引起的四波混频（FWM）效应可忽略的SSMF纤维的情况。 此外，提供组合时域多路复用（TDM）配置以同时降低对于NZ-DSF光纤的情况的放大的自发发射（ASE）噪声和泵浦泵感应的FWM效应。

公开(公告)号：US07554719B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-30

申请号：US11858501

申请日：2007-09-20

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H04B10/17 ,  H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H04B10/2916 ,  H04B10/296

摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of an optical fiber amplifier. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump. The dynamic gain control technique is applicable to an Erbium-doped fiber/waveguide amplifier. Also, a dynamic gain control technique controls a backward-pumped Raman amplifier, in which the power variation is determined at one geographical location and the optical pumps are controlled at another geographical location.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于控制光纤放大器的增益的方法和装置。 增益电路以开环配置工作，并且使用将至少一个波长区域的功率变化与用于至少一个光泵的泵功率调整相关联的预定功能。 输入信号功率变化与所需泵浦功率调整之间的两个近似线性关系用于控制拉曼光纤放大器。 每个近似线性关系包括至少一个线性系数，其涉及特定波长区域的功率变化和特定拉曼泵的功率调整。 动态增益控制技术适用于掺铒光纤/波导放大器。 此外，动态增益控制技术控制反向泵浦拉曼放大器，其中在一个地理位置确定功率变化，并且将光泵控制在另一地理位置。

公开(公告)号：US07436582B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-14

申请号：US11424312

申请日：2006-06-15

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S4/00 ,  H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H01S3/302 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094011 ,  H01S3/094046 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H04B10/2916 ,  H04B10/2942 ,  H04B10/296

摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于控制具有正向光泵和反向光泵的双向泵浦拉曼光纤放大器的增益的方法和装置。 通过调整正向光泵来控制总体增益，而反向光泵的功率电平基本上是固定的。 增益电路以开环配置工作，并且使用将至少一个波长区域的功率变化与至少一个正向光泵的泵浦功率调整相关联的预定功能。 输入信号功率变化与所需泵浦功率调整之间的两个近似线性关系用于控制拉曼光纤放大器。 每个近似线性关系包括至少一个线性系数，其涉及特定波长区域的功率变化和特定拉曼泵的功率调整。

公开(公告)号：US07280271B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US11424314

申请日：2006-06-15

申请人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

发明人： Xiang Zhou ,  Martin Birk

IPC分类号： H01S4/00 ,  H04B10/12

CPC分类号： H04B10/296 ,  H01S3/005 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/06758 ,  H01S3/06766 ,  H01S3/0677 ,  H01S3/094011 ,  H01S3/094046 ,  H01S3/094096 ,  H01S3/10007 ,  H01S3/10015 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/302 ,  H01S2301/04 ,  H01S2301/06 ,  H04B10/2916 ,  H04B10/2942

摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.