公开(公告)号：US20070217570A1

公开(公告)日：2007-09-20

申请号：US11710934

申请日：2007-02-27

申请人： Michael Grasruck ,  Bernhard Krauss

发明人： Michael Grasruck ,  Bernhard Krauss

IPC分类号： G01N23/06

CPC分类号： G01N23/046 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/405 ,  A61B6/482 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： At least one embodiment of the present application relates to a method and/or an apparatus for determining the concentration of a substance in a body material that is composed of two different material components in an unknown ratio. In an embodiment of the method, two computed tomography pictures from which two image data records are reconstructed are recorded in conjunction with two different spectral distributions of the x-radiation. The x-ray attenuation values for each voxel of the two image data records are decomposed into three material components. The decomposition is performed on the assumption that the x-ray attenuation value xM of the body material without the substance is composed of the x-ray attenuation values xM1, xM2 of the first and second material component in accordance with the following equation: xM=f*xM1+(1-f)*XM2, f being a volume fraction of the first material component in the body material. The concentration of the substance is then determined for each voxel of interest on the basis of the decomposition. The concentration can be determined reliably in a simple way with the aid of an embodiment of the present method and/or an embodiment of the associated apparatus.

摘要翻译： 本申请的至少一个实施方案涉及用于确定由不同比例的两种不同材料组分组成的体材料中物质浓度的方法和/或装置。 在该方法的一个实施例中，两个重建两个图像数据记录的计算机断层摄影图像结合x辐射的两个不同光谱分布被记录。 两个图像数据记录的每个体素的x射线衰减值被分解成三个材料成分。 假设假设没有物质的主体材料的x射线衰减值x M M由x射线衰减值x M1，x， 第一和第二材料组分的M2 根据以下等式：x M = f * x M 1 +（1-f）* X M2，f是体材料中第一材料成分的体积分数。 然后基于分解确定每个目的体素的物质浓度。 借助于本方法的实施例和/或相关联的装置的实施例，可以以简单的方式可靠地确定浓度。

公开(公告)号：US07920735B2

公开(公告)日：2011-04-05

申请号：US11730271

申请日：2007-03-30

申请人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Michael Grasruck

发明人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Michael Grasruck

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G06T7/0012 ,  A61B6/4014 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/505 ,  G06T7/11 ,  G06T2207/10081 ,  G06T2207/20216 ,  G06T2207/30008

摘要： In at least one embodiment, two image data records of two computed tomography pictures of the object are provided that have been recorded in the context of a different spectral distribution of the X-radiation. For voxels of at least one interesting slice, there is calculated from the two image data records a ratio r that is yielded from measured or averaged X-ray attenuation values of the respective voxel or its environment in the context of the different spectral distributions of the X-radiation and prescribed X-ray attenuation values of soft tissue in the context of the different spectral distributions of the X-radiation according to a prescribed calculation rule. Upon overshooting of a threshold value for the ratio r the respective voxel is assigned either contrast agent or calcium-containing material as a function of the magnitude of r.

摘要翻译： 在至少一个实施例中，提供了已经在X辐射的不同光谱分布的上下文中记录了对象的两个计算机断层摄影图像的两个图像数据记录。 对于至少一个感兴趣的切片的体素，从两个图像数据记录中计算出从在各个体素或其环境的测量或平均X射线衰减值产生的比率r在上述不同光谱分布的上下文中 根据规定的计算规则，在X辐射的不同光谱分布的上下文中，X辐射和规定的软组织X射线衰减值。 在超过比率r的阈值时，相应的体素被指定为造影剂或含钙材料作为r的大小的函数。

公开(公告)号：US07806716B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-05

申请号：US11883869

申请日：2006-01-03

申请人： Peter Zahlmann ,  Ralph Brocke ,  Edmund Zäuner ,  Martin Strobl ,  Michael Waffler ,  Sascha Ludewig ,  Georg Wittmann ,  Stephan Hierl ,  Florian Gaeck ,  Bernhard Krauss ,  Jens Ehrler

发明人： Peter Zahlmann ,  Ralph Brocke ,  Edmund Zäuner ,  Martin Strobl ,  Michael Waffler ,  Sascha Ludewig ,  Georg Wittmann ,  Stephan Hierl ,  Florian Gaeck ,  Bernhard Krauss ,  Jens Ehrler

IPC分类号： H01R13/627

CPC分类号： H01T4/06

摘要： The invention relates to a plug-in combination of appliances for protecting against overvoltages, said combination of appliances comprising: a socket-type lower part and at least one plug-in module, which can both receive overvoltage protection elements; contact elements and contact counter elements that are respectively arranged in the lower part and in the plug-in module; and complementary guide rails or guide grooves for inserting or pushing-on and fixing the respective plug-in module. According to the invention, functionally separated, mechanical catch or snap-in elements act between the respective plug-in module and the socket-type lower part independently of the forces which hold together the contact elements and the contact counter elements in a positively fixed and/or non-positively fixed manner when the plug-in module is in use. The catch or snap-in function can be cancelled without any mechanical auxiliary means when the respective plug-in module is to be replaced.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于防止过电压的电器的插入式组合，所述电器组合包括：插座型下部和至少一个插入式模块，其可以接收过电压保护元件; 分别布置在下部和插入模块中的接触元件和接触计数元件; 以及用于插入或推动和固定相应的插件模块的互补的导轨或引导槽。 根据本发明，功能上分离的机械卡扣或卡入元件独立于相应的插入式模块和插座式下部之间的作用，而不管将接触元件和接触对置元件固定在一起的力是固定的和 /或插件模块使用时非积极固定的方式。 当要更换相应的插件模块时，可以取消没有任何机械辅助装置的卡扣或卡扣功能。

公开(公告)号：US07778454B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-17

申请号：US11710934

申请日：2007-02-27

申请人： Michael Grasruck ,  Bernhard Krauss

发明人： Michael Grasruck ,  Bernhard Krauss

IPC分类号： G06K9/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/046 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/405 ,  A61B6/482 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： At least one embodiment of the present application relates to a method and/or an apparatus for determining the concentration of a substance in a body material that is composed of two different material components in an unknown ratio. In an embodiment of the method, two computed tomography pictures from which two image data records are reconstructed are recorded in conjunction with two different spectral distributions of the x-radiation. The x-ray attenuation values for each voxel of the two image data records are decomposed into three material components. The decomposition is performed on the assumption that the x-ray attenuation value xM of the body material without the substance is composed of the x-ray attenuation values xM1, xM2 of the first and second material component in accordance with the following equation: xM=f*xM1+(1-f)*XM2, f being a volume fraction of the first material component in the body material. The concentration of the substance is then determined for each voxel of interest on the basis of the decomposition. The concentration can be determined reliably in a simple way with the aid of an embodiment of the present method and/or an embodiment of the associated apparatus.

摘要翻译： 本申请的至少一个实施方案涉及用于确定由不同比例的两种不同材料组分组成的体材料中物质浓度的方法和/或装置。 在该方法的一个实施例中，两个重建两个图像数据记录的计算机断层摄影图像结合x辐射的两个不同光谱分布被记录。 两个图像数据记录的每个体素的x射线衰减值被分解成三个材料成分。 假设没有物质的主体材料的x射线衰减值xM由第​​一和第二材料成分的x射线衰减值xM1，xM2根据以下等式构成，进行分解：xM = f * xM1 +（1-f）* XM2，f是体材料中第一材料成分的体积分数。 然后基于分解确定每个目的体素的物质浓度。 借助于本方法的实施例和/或相关联的装置的实施例，可以以简单的方式可靠地确定浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20080037699A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-14

申请号：US11730272

申请日：2007-03-30

申请人： Bernhard Krauss

发明人： Bernhard Krauss

IPC分类号： A61B6/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/032 ,  A61B5/4869 ,  A61B6/4014 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/482 ,  G06T7/0012 ,  G06T7/11 ,  G06T7/97 ,  G06T2207/10081 ,  G06T2207/10152 ,  G06T2207/30004

摘要： At least one embodiment of the present application relates to a method and/or a device for automatically detecting chemical anomalies and/or salient features in soft tissue of an object area. In at least one embodiment of the method, two image data records of two computed tomography pictures of the object are provided which are recorded in the context of a different spectral distribution of the X-radiation. The following steps are carried out for each voxel of at least one interesting slice whose X-ray attenuation values are characteristic of soft tissue. Firstly, two X-ray attenuation values of the voxel, or two averaged X-ray attenuation values of the environment of the voxel are used to determine a data point of the voxel in a diagram in which the X-ray attenuation values are plotted against one another in the context of the two spectral distributions of the X-radiation. A perpendicular distance of the data point from a connecting straight line that connects prescribed data points for pure fat and for pure soft tissue in the diagram is then calculated. Finally, the voxel is marked and displayed with highlighting when its distance exceeds a prescribed threshold value for the distance. In at least one embodiment, at least one of the proposed method and the associated device enable chemical anomalies to be automatically detected on the basis of computed tomography.

摘要翻译： 本申请的至少一个实施方案涉及用于自动检测物体区域的软组织中的化学异常和/或显着特征的方法和/或装置。 在该方法的至少一个实施例中，提供了在X辐射的不同频谱分布的上下文中记录的两个对象的计算机断层摄影图像的图像数据记录。 对于其X射线衰减值是软组织的特征的至少一个感兴趣的切片的每个体素执行以下步骤。 首先，使用体素的两个X射线衰减值或体素的环境的两个平均X射线衰减值来确定在X射线衰减值相对于 在X辐射的两个光谱分布的上下文中彼此相似。 然后计算数据点与连接用于纯脂肪的规定数据点和图中纯软组织的连接直线的垂直距离。 最后，当距离超过规定的距离阈值时，体素被标记并显示。 在至少一个实施例中，所提出的方法和相关联的装置中的至少一个使得可以基于计算机断层摄影来自动检测化学异常。

公开(公告)号：US07271992B2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-18

申请号：US10416531

申请日：2001-11-27

申请人： Georg Wittmann ,  Edmund Zaeuner ,  Peter Zahlmann ,  Arnd Erhardt ,  Bernhard Krauss ,  Michael Waffler ,  Stefan Hierl

发明人： Georg Wittmann ,  Edmund Zaeuner ,  Peter Zahlmann ,  Arnd Erhardt ,  Bernhard Krauss ,  Michael Waffler ,  Stefan Hierl

IPC分类号： H02H9/00

CPC分类号： H01T4/06

摘要： A compact arrangement for multipole, surge-protected surge arresters, including internally wired, encapsulated series gaps arranged essentially in parallel in a housing. The series gaps have opposite-lying, projecting contact surfaces connected to outer terminals and inner contact bars or bridges. An electronic control or trigger circuit is located on a wiring support. The housing includes dividing walls and has a trough shape, the resulting housing chambers accommodating the gaps and terminals. An insulating plate with openings into which spring contact elements are introduced is provided on the housing trough which opens upwards. Located above the insulating plate is the wiring. The spring contact elements create the electrical connection between contact points on the underside of the wiring support and the cover of one of the series gaps, respectively. Further, an encapsulated surge protector includes a series gap arrangement with two metallic main electrodes lying coaxially to each other and at least partially overlapping each other and having connections in opposite directions. The main electrodes form an arc chamber in conjunction with at least one insulation part. At least one of the main electrodes has an inner expansion chamber and a trigger electrode extending preferably radially or axially rotationally symmetrically is provided at least in the area of an outer insulation part.

摘要翻译： 一种用于多极，浪涌保护的避雷器的紧凑型布置，包括基本上平行布置在壳体中的内部布线的封装的串联间隙。 串联间隙具有连接到外部端子和内部接触杆或桥接件的相对的突出的接触表面。 电子控制或触发电路位于配线支架上。 壳体包括分隔壁并且具有槽形状，所得到的容纳室容纳间隙和端子。 具有开口的绝缘板，其中引入弹簧接触元件，其在向上开口的壳体槽处设置。 位于绝缘板上方的是布线。 弹簧接触元件分别在布线支撑件的下侧的接触点和一个串联间隙的盖子之间形成电连接。 此外，封装的电涌保护器包括具有彼此同轴并且至少部分地彼此重叠并且具有相反方向的连接的两个金属主电极的串联间隙布置。 主电极与至少一个绝缘部分结合形成电弧室。 主电极中的至少一个具有至少在外绝缘部分的区域中设置的内部膨胀室和优选地径向或轴向旋转对称延伸的触发器电极。

公开(公告)号：US20130278129A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-24

申请号：US13879679

申请日：2011-10-17

申请人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Michael Waffler ,  Arnd Ehrhardt ,  Stefanie Schreiter ,  Steffen Beier

发明人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Michael Waffler ,  Arnd Ehrhardt ,  Stefanie Schreiter ,  Steffen Beier

IPC分类号： H01T4/16

CPC分类号： H01T4/16

摘要： The invention relates to a spark gap comprising a number of series-connected individual spark gaps which are placed in a stack arrangement, which are spaced apart from each other by insulating material discs and are provided with a spring contact, the individual spark gaps including ring-shaped or disc-shaped electrodes, and further comprising control elements for influencing the voltage distribution over the stack arrangement. According to the invention the ring-shaped or disc-shaped electrodes required to form one of the respective individual spark gaps are each inserted into an insulating body and held by same in a centered manner. The respective insulating material discs are located between and fixed by the insulating bodies. A recess is provided inside the insulating body to receive and center the electrodes, whose shape is complementary relative to the contour of the respective electrode, wherein the recess comprises on the inner circumference at least partially elastic, resilient centering projections or centering noses.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种火花间隙，其包括多个串联连接的各个火花隙，该火花间隙通过绝缘材料盘相互隔开并且设置有弹簧接触件，放置在堆叠装置中，并且设有弹簧接触件，各个火花隙包括环 形状或盘形电极，并且还包括用于影响堆叠装置上的电压分布的控制元件。 根据本发明，形成各个各自的火花隙之一所需的环形或圆盘形电极分别插入绝缘体中并以其居中的方式保持。 各绝缘材料盘位于绝缘体之间并由绝缘体固定。 在绝缘体内部设置有一个凹槽，用于容纳和居中电极，其形状相对于相应电极的轮廓是互补的，其中凹部在内圆周上包括至少部分弹性的弹性定中心的突起或居中的鼻孔。

公开(公告)号：US20100135557A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-03

申请号：US12451648

申请日：2008-05-19

申请人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Hubertus Pietsch

发明人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Hubertus Pietsch

IPC分类号： G06K9/00 ,  A61B6/03

CPC分类号： A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/481

摘要： A method is disclosed for selecting two contrast agents to be used in a dual energy CT examination of a patient. In at least one embodiment, the method includes determining the gradient of a connecting line between a first material or a first tissue type and a second material or second tissue type in an HU value diagram of the energy-specific HU values, selecting a first contrast agent with an enhancement gradient which is significantly greater than the determined base gradient, and selecting a second contrast agent, the enhancement of which lies in the significance region of the determined base gradient. A contrast agent combination selected in the fashion is also disclosed in at least one embodiment, as well as the generation of CT images using a contrast agent combination selected in the fashion and using different energy spectra.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于选择要用于患者的双能CT检查中的两种造影剂的方法。 在至少一个实施例中，该方法包括在能量特异性HU值的HU值图中确定第一材料或第一组织类型和第二材料或第二组织类型之间的连接线的梯度，选择第一对比度 其具有明显大于所确定的基础梯度的增强梯度，以及选择第二造影剂，其增强位于所确定的基础梯度的显着性区域中。 在至少一个实施方案中还公开了以该方式选择的造影剂组合，以及使用以该方式选择并使用不同能量谱的造影剂组合产生CT图像。

公开(公告)号：US20090209186A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-20

申请号：US12301081

申请日：2007-12-19

申请人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Christian Funke ,  Heiko Roehm ,  Andreas Heber

发明人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Christian Funke ,  Heiko Roehm ,  Andreas Heber

IPC分类号： B24D7/02 ,  B24D7/18 ,  B65D85/00

CPC分类号： B24B23/03 ,  B24B45/00 ,  B24D9/08

摘要： The invention relates to a grinding disk for an eccentric grinding machine. In order to operate the grinding disk (22) having different disks diameters on one and the same eccentric grinding machine for achieving grinding results at optimum quality, without any loss of smoothness and handling quality, the disk mass of the grinding disk has a fixed predetermined value that is independent of the disk diameter selected.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于偏心磨床的研磨盘。 为了在同一偏心研磨机上操作具有不同盘直径的研磨盘（22），以最佳质量实现磨削结果，而不损失平滑度和处理质量，磨盘的盘质量具有固定的预定 独立于所选磁盘直径的值。

公开(公告)号：US20090028287A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-29

申请号：US12010920

申请日：2008-01-31

申请人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Fernando Vega-Higuera

发明人： Bernhard Krauss ,  Fernando Vega-Higuera

IPC分类号： A61B6/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B8/483 ,  G06T15/08

摘要： Methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums for generating a volume visualization image based on multi-energy computed tomography data are provided. In one method, an image is rendered based on a multi-dimensional graphical representation of the computed tomography data. The computed tomography data includes at least two different energy image data sets and the multi-dimensional graphical representation represents intensity values of each of the at least two different energy image data sets.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于基于多能计算机断层摄影数据生成体视觉图像的方法，装置和计算机可读介质。 在一种方法中，基于计算机断层摄影数据的多维图形表示来渲染图像。 计算机断层摄影数据包括至少两个不同的能量图像数据集，并且所述多维图形表示表示所述至少两个不同能量图像数据集中的每一个的强度值。