摘要:
Process for preparing primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (—CH2—NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (—CH2—OH) and at least one further functional group (—X), where (—X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia with elimination of water, wherein the reaction is carried out homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyalkylenepolyamines by catalyzed alcohol amination, in which(i) aliphatic aminoalcohols are reacted with one another or(ii) aliphatic diamines or polyamines are reacted with aliphatic diols or polyols with the elimination of water in the presence of a catalyst.
摘要:
Preparing a primary amine by alcohol amination of alcohol with ammonia and elimination of water includes reacting, in a homogeneously catalyzed reaction, a mixture of alcohol, ammonia, nonpolar solvent, and catalyst, in a liquid phase, to obtain a product mixture. The process then includes phase separating the product mixture into a polar product phase and a nonpolar product phase, and separating off the nonpolar product phase. At least some of the nonpolar phase returns to the homogenously catalyzed reaction. The process further includes separating off amination product from the polar product phase. At least some of the catalyst is in the nonpolar phase, and the catalyst accumulates in the nonpolar phase.
摘要:
Enterprise management applications perform a “revenues increasing the budget” (RIB) operation on general ledger data and store elements of the general ledger data that have a RIB effect in another ledger, called the “RIB ledger”. RIB ledgers may include sets of RIB rules, storage for documents reflecting all relevant delta values together with the corresponding links to the underlying original transaction documents as well as storage for all relevant aggregated data. Accordingly, when audit operations are performed for RIB budget increases, relevant transaction data is readily available in the RIB ledger. Such copies of the data are more easily accessed than through a search of the larger set of general ledger data, thus facilitating and accelerating use of the RIB techniques in an online system.
摘要:
A budgetary control system is described that maintains balance between revenue and expenditure budgets even when the expenditure budgets increase due to “revenues increasing the budget” (RIB) effects. RIB increases to an expenditure budget may be recorded in parallel to a revenue budget. Doing so maintains balance between the two budget data structures. During auditing operations or other control checks that examine the budget data structures for balance, RIB increases to the expenditure budget are counter-balanced by corresponding increases to the revenue budget. In the revenue budget, RIB increases may be isolated from a ‘base’ budget to ensure that the RIB increases do not effect other budgetary controls unintentionally.
摘要:
Financial management applications may operate according to RIB rules in which expenditure budget limits are increased as an organization or department thereof realizes revenue. When such applications operate in conjunction with complicated data structures for revenues and budget, it can become burdensome to define a plurality of RIB rules individually. A configuration system includes a RIB strategy array containing a relatively small set of meta-rules for identifiers of various portions of a revenue data structure to which they apply. An automated configuration system surveys the revenue data structure, determines which value transforms and destination addresses of a budget database apply and generate a larger set of RIB rules that will govern in the financial management application during normal system operation.
摘要:
A budgetary consistency check system is described, which operates on a working budget and a reference budget in respective databases, for performing budgetary consistency checks between arbitrary aggregation levels of an organization. Rules define relationships that must be maintained between the reference budget and the working budget. As modifications are made to the budgets, the rules may be executed online to determine whether the two budgets remain consistent with each other.
摘要:
Two signals at different frequencies are optionally amplified or attenuated in an automatic gain control amplifier (1) after their reception, then separated from each other by means of band pass filters (2, 5) and amplitude-modulated by means of envelope curve detectors (3, 6), whereupon the envelope curve signals (z.sub.0 [t], z.sub.1 [t]) are sampled by means of sampling switches (4, 7) once per bit to produce sample values (z.sub.0 [kT.sub.b ], z.sub.1 [kT.sub.b ]) which are passed to a calculator unit (8) whose memory stores values of a decision table which are derived from a probability table. Each table area of the latter contains two probability values of which a first is the probability that the sample values (z.sub.0 [kT.sub.b ], z.sub.1 [kT.sub.b ]) lie in the respective table area if the first signal were sent and a second is the probability that the sample values (z.sub.0 [kT.sub.b ], z.sub.1 [kT.sub.b ]) lie in the respective table area if the second signal were sent. Set down in a table area of the decision table is a respective first logic value if the first probability value is greater than the second probability value and a respective second logic value if the first probability value is less than or equal to the second probability value. The process combines the advantages of the noncoherent demodulation process and the spread spectrum process.
摘要:
In an apparatus and a method for recognizing the start of a noise-corrupted received telegram signal, and wherein the telegram signal consists of an information-containing sequence of bits ahead of the telegram signal, thereafter transmitting an intermediate sequence of bits following the preliminary sequence, but still ahead of the telegram signal, wherein the preliminary and the intermediate sequences are correlated with different parts of the preliminary and of the intermediate sequence in a pre-arranged manner, and detecting the pre-arranged manner so as to positively signal termination of the intermediate sequence; recognition of the start of the telegram signal is thereby ensured.
摘要:
In a method and an apparatus for enhancing the probability of substantially error-free reception of a signal including a sequence of discrete bits with the aid of a time-variable threshold value, and wherein each bit has a predetermined duration, and the threshold value may change during the bit duration, the steps include comparing at least a selected one of the received bits a multiple number of times with the threshold values, so as to establish the probable validity of the received bits in dependence of the comparison results.