公开(公告)号：US20060056767A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-16

申请号：US11268156

申请日：2005-11-07

Applicant: David Nippa ,  Richard Ridgway ,  Steven Risser ,  Dirk Schoellner ,  Louis Vassy

Inventor： David Nippa ,  Richard Ridgway ,  Steven Risser ,  Dirk Schoellner ,  Louis Vassy

IPC: G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/42

CPC classification number: G02F1/065 ,  G02B6/122 ,  G02F2201/06 ,  G02F2201/127 ,  G02F2202/022 ,  G02F2203/06 ,  G02F2203/48 ,  G02F2203/50

Abstract: Methods of attenuating, delaying the phase, and otherwise controlling an optical signal propagating along a waveguide are provided. According to one method, a variable optical attenuator structure is provided comprising a waveguide core, a cladding, an electrooptic polymer, and a set of control electrodes. The core, the cladding, and the electrooptic polymer are configured such that an increase in the index of refraction of the polymer causes a substantial portion of an optical signal propagating along the waveguide core to couple into a relatively high index region of the electrooptic polymer above the waveguide core, so as to inhibit return of the coupled signal to the waveguide core. Another embodiment of the present invention introduces a phase delay in the coupled optical signal and permits return of the coupled signal to the waveguide core. An additional embodiment contemplates the use of a ridge waveguide structure to enable control of the optical signal. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract translation: 提供衰减，延迟相位以及以其它方式控制沿着波导传播的光信号的方法。 根据一种方法，提供了包括波导芯，包层，电光聚合物和一组控制电极的可变光衰减器结构。 芯，包层和电光聚合物被配置为使得聚合物的折射率的增加导致沿着波导芯传播的光信号的大部分耦合到上述电光聚合物的相对较高的折射率区域中 波导芯，以便抑制耦合信号返回到波导芯。 本发明的另一实施例引入耦合的光信号中的相位延迟并允许耦合信号返回到波导芯。 附加实施例考虑使用脊波导结构来实现光信号的控制。 公开并要求保护附加实施例。

公开(公告)号：US20050094917A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-05

申请号：US10700245

申请日：2003-11-03

Applicant: Wenshen Wang ,  David Scott ,  Elizabeth Kunkee

Inventor： Wenshen Wang ,  David Scott ,  Elizabeth Kunkee

IPC: G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G02F1/025 ,  G02F1/295

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  G02F1/025 ,  G02F2201/127 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  G02F2202/32

Abstract: A PIN electro-optical traveling wave modulator (10) including diffraction gratings (34, 36) positioned at opposing sides of an optical waveguide (20) that act to change the propagation pattern of the waveguide (20). The modulator (10) includes an N-type layer (14), a P-type layer (18) and an intrinsic layer (16) acting as the waveguide (20). A metal electrode (26) is in electrical contact with the N-type layer (14), and a metal electrode (30) is in electrical contact with the P-type layer (18). The electrodes (26, 30) define an RF transmission line. An optical wave (22) propagates along the waveguide (20) and interacts with the gratings (34, 36) which slow the optical wave (22) to match its speed to the speed of the RF wave in the transmission line. In one embodiment, the gratings (34, 36) are 2-D gratings formed by vertical holes (38) in the waveguide (20).

Abstract translation: 一种PIN电光行波调制器（10），其包括位于光波导（20）的相对侧的衍射光栅（34,36），其用于改变波导（20）的传播图案。 调制器（10）包括N型层（14），P型层（18）和用作波导（20）的本征层（16）。 金属电极（26）与N型层（14）电接触，金属电极（30）与P型层（18）电接触。 电极（26,30）限定RF传输线。 光波（22）沿着波导（20）传播并与光栅（34,36）相互作用，光栅（34,36）使光波（22）的速度与传输线中的RF波的速度相匹配。 在一个实施例中，光栅（34,36）是由波导（20）中的垂直孔（38）形成的2-D光栅。

公开(公告)号：US06873750B2

公开(公告)日：2005-03-29

申请号：US10389697

申请日：2003-03-12

Applicant: Sean V. Hum ,  Robert J. Davies ,  Michal Okoniewski

Inventor： Sean V. Hum ,  Robert J. Davies ,  Michal Okoniewski

IPC: G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/225

CPC classification number: G02F1/0356 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator structure for particular use in narrowband optical subcarrier systems. A traveling wave is established across the active region of the device, instead of a standing wave. This is accomplished through the use of a directional resonator structure that prevents reverse-traveling waves from being established within the resonator. Hence, the electric field is applied to the traveling optical wave in a similar fashion to a traveling-wave modulator, except that the traveling wave has a much greater amplitude due to the build-up of energy inside the resonator. Since the modulator is operated in a traveling-wave fashion, it can be tuned to operate at any frequency using tuning elements, regardless of the length of the active region. Furthermore, the microwave and optical signals can be velocity-matched to mitigate optical transit time effects that are normally associated with a resonant modulator utilizing a standing-wave electrode structure.

Abstract translation: 一种特别用于窄带光子载波系统的电光调制器结构。 在设备的有源区域之间建立行波，而不是驻波。 这是通过使用防止在谐振器内建立反向行波的定向谐振器结构来实现的。 因此，与行波调制器相似的方式将电场施加到行进光波，除了由于谐振器内的能量的积聚而使行波具有大得多的振幅。 由于调制器以行波方式操作，所以可以使用调谐元件将其调谐到任何频率，而与有源区的长度无关。 此外，微波和光信号可以被速度匹配以减轻通常与利用驻波电极结构的谐振调制器相关联的光通过时间效应。

公开(公告)号：US06741378B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-25

申请号：US10285419

申请日：2002-11-01

Applicant: Masaki Sugiyama ,  Masaharu Doi ,  Tadao Nakazawa

Inventor： Masaki Sugiyama ,  Masaharu Doi ,  Tadao Nakazawa

IPC: G02F103

CPC classification number: G02F1/0356 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: A low voltage modulation signal can be realized while reducing reflection and radiation of a high frequency modulation signal in an optical modulator. The optical modulator includes an electrooptic effect element, a relay substrate constituted of a dielectric wafer on which a coplanar waveguide, and a connector supplying a modulation signal of microwave band to the electrooptic effect element, wherein, when the modulation signal includes a component of 30 GHz, a pad space between the signal electrode pad and the ground electrode pad of the electrooptic effect element is defined as S &mgr;m, and a pad height is defined as H &mgr;m, the pad height is no greater than 300 &mgr;m and the relation is set as −0.002H2+1.3H−160

Abstract translation: 可以在减少光调制器中的高频调制信号的反射和辐射的同时实现低电压调制信号。 光调制器包括电光效应元件，由其上共面波导的介质晶片构成的继电器基板和向电光效应元件提供微波波段的调制信号的连接器，其中当调制信号包括30 GHz，电光效应元件的信号电极焊盘和接地电极焊盘之间的焊盘空间被定义为S mum，焊盘高度被定义为H mum，焊盘高度不大于300μm，并且设置关系 如

公开(公告)号：US06590691B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-08

申请号：US09898197

申请日：2001-07-02

Applicant: Amit S. Nagra ,  Nathan G. Woodard ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr.

Inventor： Amit S. Nagra ,  Nathan G. Woodard ,  Ronald T. Logan, Jr.

IPC: G02B2600

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/126 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: The present invention discloses high-speed, single-drive and dual-drive external optical modulation devices that reduce the voltage and power required to amplify and modulate electrical signals onto an optical carrier. Two primary components of an optical transmitter, namely, the modulator and driver, are integrated, and preferably hybridly integrated, in a single package, thereby eliminating many of the cable connector interfaces that add loss, complexity and cost to the system. Further, integration frees the devices from the standardized impedance (i.e. 50 ohm) constraints that reduce performance, thereby enabling the design of optimized, low voltage, hybridly integrated modulation devices.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了一种降低向光载波放大和调制电信号所需的电压和功率的高速，单驱动和双驱动外部光调制装置。 光传输器的两个主要部件，即调制器和驱动器，集成在一个封装中，最好是混合集成在一起，从而消除了许多电缆连接器接口，从而增加了系统的损耗，复杂性和成本。 此外，集成使器件免于降低性能的标准化阻抗（即50欧姆）约束，从而实现优化的低电压混合集成调制器件的设计。

公开(公告)号：US06567203B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-20

申请号：US09792220

申请日：2001-02-23

Applicant: Marc E. Hill ,  Jonathan P. King ,  Hui Wu

Inventor： Marc E. Hill ,  Jonathan P. King ,  Hui Wu

IPC: G02F103

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: The invention discloses phase-shifters, modulators, and method that produces a smaller &pgr; by means of a field excitation using multiple electrodes. A negative signal is introduced that travels with the positive signal, which enhances the electric field significantly. The field enhancement is provided by the superposition of the fields accumulated from each electrode. A base or substrate material can be made from any compound having linear so electro-optic properties, such as lithium niobate, lithium tantalite, potassium lithium niobate, potassium titanyl phosphate or gallium-arsenide. For lithium niobate, there are two possible orientations of electric field, z-cut orientation or x-cut orientation.

Abstract translation: 本发明公开了通过使用多个电极的场激发产生较小的pi的移相器，调制器和方法。 引入负信号与正信号一起行进，这显着增强了电场。 通过从每个电极累积的场的叠加来提供场增强。 碱或基材可以由具有线性如此电光性质的任何化合物制成，例如铌酸锂，钽酸锂，铌酸钾钾，磷酸二氢钾或砷化镓。 对于铌酸锂，电场，z切割取向或x切割方向有两个可能的取向。

公开(公告)号：US06539130B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-25

申请号：US09738174

申请日：2000-12-15

Applicant: Atsuo Kondo ,  Jungo Kondo ,  Kenji Aoki

Inventor： Atsuo Kondo ,  Jungo Kondo ,  Kenji Aoki

IPC: G02F1035

CPC classification number: G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/0356 ,  G02F1/225 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: A traveling wave optical modulator includes an optical waveguide substrate made of an electro-optic and ferrodielectric single crystal in the form of an X- or Y-orientation plate_and comprising a thicker portion having a larger thickness and a thinner portion having a smaller thickness; first and second branched optical waveguide portions formed at least on the thinner portion of the optical waveguide substrate; a set of electrodes provided on at least the thinner portion of the substrate and adapted for applying voltage to the first and second optical waveguide portions to modulate a light propagating the optical waveguide portions; and a buffer layer provided to cover a part of the optical waveguide portions at the thinner portion of the substrate, the electrodes crossing on the buffer layer.

Abstract translation: 行波光调制器包括由X-或Y取向板形式的电光和电介质单晶制成的光波导基片，并且包括具有较大厚度的较厚部分和较薄部分具有较小厚度; 至少形成在所述光波导基板的较薄部分上的第一和第二分支光波导部分; 设置在所述基板的至少较薄部分上的电极组，其适于向所述第一和第二光波导部分施加电压，以调制传播所述光波导部分的光; 以及缓冲层，其被设置为覆盖在所述基板的较薄部分处的所述光波导部分的一部分，所述电极在所述缓冲层上交叉。

公开(公告)号：US6160654A

公开(公告)日：2000-12-12

申请号：US360759

申请日：1999-07-26

Applicant: Kenji Kawano

Inventor： Kenji Kawano

IPC: G02F1/015 ,  G02F1/017

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/01708 ,  G02F2001/0159 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: A wideband semiconductor electro-absorption optical modulator including a semiconductor core shorter in absorption-peak wavelength than a wavelength of optical signal, and an electrode for applying an electric signal to absorb the optical signal by shifting the absorption-peak wavelength to a long wavelength region when a voltage is applied, wherein an electric signal input port and an electric signal output port are disposed so that the electrode is constructed in the form of a traveling-wave electrode, and a total thickness of non-doped layers including the semiconductor core is reduced to decrease a driving voltage. Degradation of optical modulation bandwidth and reflection characteristics of the electric signal caused by mismatching of characteristic impedance to an outer circuit are reduced by decreasing an interaction length of the electric signal and the optical signal. Further, mismatching of characteristic impedance is corrected by adjusting a doping concentration of a p-type or n-type doped layer located above or beneath the semiconductor core.

Abstract translation: 一种宽带半导体电吸收光调制器，其包括具有比光信号的波长更短的吸收峰值波长的半导体芯片，以及用于通过将吸收峰值波长移位到长波长区域来施加电信号以吸收光信号的电极 当施加电压时，其中设置电信号输入端口和电信号输出端口，使得电极构造为行波电极的形式，并且包括半导体芯的非掺杂层的总厚度为 降低驱动电压。 通过减小电信号和光信号的相互作用长度，降低由特性阻抗与外部电路失配引起的电信号的光调制带宽和反射特性的降低。 此外，通过调整位于半导体芯上方或下方的p型或n型掺杂层的掺杂浓度来校正特性阻抗的失配。

公开(公告)号：US5548668A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-20

申请号：US328222

申请日：1994-10-25

Applicant: James H. Schaffner

Inventor： James H. Schaffner

IPC: G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313 ,  G02F1/01

CPC classification number: G02F1/0356 ,  G02F1/3134 ,  G02F2201/127 ,  G02F2203/19

Abstract: Velocity-matched electrodes that are sufficiently index-matched to use in linearized directional-coupler modulators are provided by placing a low dielectric constant material layer over the travelling-wave modulator electrodes, followed by a metal layer that is electrically connected to a ground electrode. The low dielectric constant layer between the grounded metal layer and the active electrode lowers the effective RF dielectric constant, which lowers the RF index of refraction. The RF index of refraction is matched to the optical index of refraction by controlling the thickness of the low dielectric constant layer, which is deposited with standard RF sputtering techniques that allow for precise control over the layer thickness. As a result, more precise velocity matching and greater reproducibility than with prior velocity matching techniques is achieved.

Abstract translation: 通过在行波调制器电极上放置低介电常数材料层，随后是电连接到接地电极的金属层，提供足够折射率匹配的线性化定向耦合器调制器中的速度匹配电极。 接地金属层和有源电极之间的低介电常数层降低了有效RF介电常数，降低了RF折射率。 RF折射率通过控制低介电常数层的厚度来匹配光折射率，该低介电常数层通过标准的RF溅射技术沉积，允许对层厚度进行精确控制。 因此，实现了比现有的速度匹配技术更精确的速度匹配和更大的再现性。

公开(公告)号：US5530777A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-25

申请号：US372326

申请日：1995-01-13

Applicant: Akira Enokihara ,  Kentaro Setsune ,  Morikazu Sagawa ,  Mitsuo Makimoto

Inventor： Akira Enokihara ,  Kentaro Setsune ,  Morikazu Sagawa ,  Mitsuo Makimoto

IPC: G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/225

CPC classification number: G02F1/0356 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/127

Abstract: An optical modulation device includes a substrate, and a dielectric member having first and second surfaces opposite to each other. An optical waveguide extends on the first surface of the dielectric member and exhibits an electro-optical effect. First and second parallel lines are electromagnetically coupled with each other, and are of a microstrip line structure. The first line has a first line member and a ground plane, and the second line has a second line member and the ground plane. The first line member and the second line member extend on the first surface of the dielectric member and extend at opposite sides of the optical waveguide respectively. The ground plane extends between the substrate and the second surface of the dielectric member.

Abstract translation: 光调制装置包括基板和具有彼此相对的第一和第二表面的电介质部件。 光波导在电介质构件的第一表面上延伸并呈现电光效应。 第一和第二平行线彼此电磁耦合，并且是微带线结构。 第一线具有第一线构件和接地面，第二线具有第二线构件和接地面。 第一线构件和第二线构件在电介质构件的第一表面上延伸并分别在光波导的相对侧延伸。 接地平面在基板和电介质构件的第二表面之间延伸。