Abstract:
Disclosed are a method and system for ion-exchanging cations in zeolitic particles of a size useful in fluidized bed processes; for example, zeolitic microspheres of the type employed in fluidized bed hydrocarbon conversion processes. The zeolitic particles are ion-exchanged by a stagewise countercurrent contact with ion-exchange liquid as they are moved in series over a continuously moving horizontal vacuum belt filter in the form of a thin porous cake, then into an agitated tank where the cake is formed into a slurry, and to another continuously moving vacuum belt filter where the microspheres are again formed into a thin porous cake. The latter cake is contacted with incoming ion-exchange liquid that percolates through the cake, passes to the agitated tank and is charged to the cake on the first belt filter.
Abstract:
Treatment of watery solutions by means of ion exchange; the exchange mass through which the liquid under treatment flows is conducted from a bottom funnel of the treatment container to a regenerating-and-wash-column and thence back to the liquid treatment container. After leaving the liquid treatment container and before entering the regenerating-and-wash-column the ion exchange masses are back-rinsed in a back-rinse container; the ion exchange mass is transported from the regenerating-and-washcolumn means of an immersion tube at the top of the regeneratingand-wash-column, the depth of immersion of the immersion tube being adjustable according to the volume in the bottom funnel of the treatment container; consequently the ion exchange mass in the head of the regenerating-and-wash-column which has been transported from the treatment container corresponds to the volume transported from the bottom funnel thereof.
Abstract:
A movable bed water softening apparatus is provided wherein the resins in their regenerated state are supplied into the upper portion of a closed softener tank. The resins pass downwardly through the tank around a centrally disposed water supply pipe and the water passes radially outwardly through the movable bed of resins into a peripheral collector. The spent resins are passed through a regeneration column having a double wall arrangement wherein the spent resin particles are introduced at the top of the column and passed downwardly between the double walls and subsequently pass upwardly through the passage defined by the innermost wall in opposition to a flow of regenerating brine. The regenerated resin is then passed upwardly through a rinsing column and returned to the top of the softener tank.
Abstract:
A CONTINUOUS CYCLIC PROCESS FOR CONTACTING ION EXCHANGE RESIN WITH TWO OR MORE LIQUIDS IN A PLURALITY OF SERIALLY CONNECTED U-SHAPED COLUMNS INCLUDES INTRODUCING A FIRST LIQUID INTO A FIRST U-SHAPED COLUMN LOOP WHEREUPON A COMPONENT THEREOF IS ABSORBED ON THE ION EXCHANGE RESIN THEREIN. A SECOND LIQUID IS INTRODUCED INTO A SECOND COLUMN WHICH CONTAINS A PORTION OF THE ION EXCHANGE RESIN PREVIOUSLY CONTAINED IN THE FIRST COLUMN LOOP SERIALLY CONNECTED THEREWITH, SAID PORTION OF THE ION EXCHANGE RESIN HAVING ABSORBED THEREON THE COMPONENT FROM SAID FIRST LIQUID. THE SECOND LIQUID HAS A FIRST COMPONENT EXCHANGEABLE WITH THE COMPONENT FROM THE FIRST LIQUID ON THE ION EXCHANGE RESIN AND A SECOND COMPONENT COMBINABLE WITH THE COMPONENT FROM THE FIRST LIQUID WHICH IS RELEASED FROM THE ION EXCHANGE RESIN DURING THE EXCHANGE. A PRODUCT WHICH IS THE COMBINATION OF THE SECOND COMPONENT OF THE SECOND LIQUID AND THE RELEASED COMPONENT OF THE FIRST LIQUID IS THEN REMOVAL FROM THE SECOND COLUMN LOOP.
Abstract:
In a continuous ion-exchange process in which resin moves intermittently through a circuit including an absorber and a regenerator, the absorber is spanned by a liquid-distributing system, and at each intermittent movement a slug of resin wholly occupying the space in the absorber between this system and one end of the absorber is discharged while service flow continues. The remainder of the bed in the absorber is moved in the direction of the space thus emptied so as to fill it again and a slug of regenerated resin of identical volume is introduced into the other end of the absorber.
Abstract:
An installation for the treatment of solutions by solid ion exchangers in a mobile bed, comprising an initial chamber formed by a central cylindrical column, followed by an even number of successive concentric annular chambers surrounding at least part of the central column, the exchange media rising up through the said column, spilling over the whole periphery of its top edge down into the first annular chamber, and passing from the bottom of the latter to the bottom of the second annular chamber. The flow of liquid in the column and the two chambers occurs in directions opposite to the directions of movement of the bed therethrough and whenever two liquids of different densities are present in the same chamber, the denser liquid is below the lighter liquid and is separated therefrom by an interface. The inlet and outlet flow rates of each liquid are controlled to keep the movements of an interface between certain limits during the operation of the installation.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for the continuous treatment of brackish water, sea water, industrial wastes or sewage effluents using continuous ion exchange. Three units are provided in series, the raw water entering the first unit and purified water leaving the third unit. While the water moves continuously through the three units, an ion exchange resin is caused to flow countercurrent therethrough, a weak base anion exchange resin in the bicarbonate state passing through the first unit and the same resin, in the free base form, passing through the third unit. Passing through the second unit countercurrent to the effluent is a weak acid cation exchange resin. After passage through the first and second units, the resins are regenerated. The third unit is a carbon dioxide degasifier.
Abstract:
In a counterflow moving bed type ion exchange apparatus in which an ion exchange resin is supplied to the upper portion of a column and a liquid being treated is supplied to the bottom of the column to flow upwardly through the moving resin bed, liquid jets are used to separate a predetermined quantity of the spent resin from the moving resin bed. The separated resin is circulated through a regenerating system including a washing column and a counterflow type regenerating column.
Abstract:
AN IMPROVED SEMI-CONTINUOUS ION EXCHANGE SYSTEM IS DISCLOSED. IN THIS SYSTEM, ION EXCHANGE RESIN PARTICLES ARE MOVED THROUGH THE CONTACTOR BY PUSH WATER WHILE THE CONTACTOR IS SUBJECTED TO VIBRATION.
Abstract:
1,219,487. Liquid filtering; ion-exchange; liquid-solid contact. AMERICAN STANDARD Inc. 16 Oct., 1968 [18 Oct., 1967], No. 49157/68. Headings B1D, B1F and B1J. Liquid introduced by pump 16 is treated by upward flow from inlet 18, through zone 22 of a bed of granular material 12, to outlet 24 from which a portion of treated liquid is recycled by pump 36 to above the upper surface 42 of the bed, whence it flows down through zone 44, creating downward pressure which stabilises zone 22, and periodically pump 16 is shut off, valve 70 closed: and pump 36 builds up pressure within the bed to force some of the bed material down through normally closed valve 20. In Fig. 2 this discharge of material is aided by vacuum created in chamber 72 by pump 74, valve 26 being closed. Or valve 26 could remain open, in which case the vacuum effects the discharge largely by itself. Subsequently, either before or after restoring normal flow of liquid, valve 54 is opened to allow additional bed material; 'under liquid 56 to enter the containment vessel 10. The discharge may be initiated by a pressure switch 57 and thereafter controlled by timer 58, if bed 12 is a filter bed, and valve 54 is controlled to restore the bed to a predetermined level by sensor 68. Or bed discharge and replacement may be controlled wholly by a timer, by a treated liquid analyser or by a liquid meter after a given amount of liquid has passed. The apparatus may soften, treat or filter water by passage through a bed of ion exchange resins, sand or active carbon, or may purify sewage or food processing waste by passage through granular or powdered coal. As shown, the liquid effluent from zone 44 passes through outlet 24, but another outlet, above 24, could be provided.