Abstract:
A method of treating a powder (P) made from cerium oxide using an ion beam (F) in which: —the powder is stirred once or a plurality of times; —the ions of the ion beam are selected from the ions of the elements of the list consisting of helium (He), boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe)—the acceleration voltage of the ions of the beam is between 10 kV and 1000 kV; —the treatment temperature of the powder (P) is less than or equal to Tf/3; —the ion dose per mass unit of powder to be treated is chosen from a range of between 1016 ions/g and 1022 ions/cm2 so as to lower the reduction temperature of the powder made from cerium oxide (P).
Abstract:
This invention is directed to the fabrication of embossed ionexchange membranes. The procedural steps include the making of such membranes by the insertion of such component parts as bottom and top sheets of plate glass having therebetween liquid ion exchange monomers, porous sheets of membrane reinforcing materials and patterned flexible metal plate molds. After heat polymerization of the monomers, the mold is peeled off to produce the embossed ion exchange membrane. There is also disclosed a modified procedure for producing ion-exchange membranes with both surfaces embossed.
Abstract:
An apparatus for the separation of fluid mixtures having a plurality of three compartment subassemblies or units arranged in pairs, each subassembly consisting of a vapor, a heating, and a feed compartment defined from each other by separating barriers placed therebetween. The vapor compartment is placed common to a pair of subassemblies and contains therein a membrane barrier support structure, both sides of this structure placed in face to face contact with a semi-permeable membrane; said vapor compartment associated with fluid inlet and outlet side ports which communicate with fluid conduits serving a pair of identical compartments located in subassemblies that are positioned on opposite sides of the common vapor compartments.
Abstract:
A membrane permeation apparatus for removing one or more components from a fluid mixture comprising a plurality of two compartment units, each compartment defined by semipermeable membranes, wherein the first compartment is the fluid mixture feed compartment and the second a vapor compartment which is maintained under a partial vacuum, the latter having heating means therein for vaporizing a component of the fluid mixture at the adjacent semipermeable membrane surfaces defining said vapor compartment.
Abstract:
THIS IS A CYCLIC PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM WASTE STACK GASES TO LESSEN ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION. THE PROCESS INVOLVES: (A) ELECTROLYTICALLY CONVERTING A SALT SOLUTION INTO AN ACID AND BASE; (B) EMPLOYING THE BASE TO ABSORB THE SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM THE WASTE GAS; (C) NEUTRALIZING THE RESULTING SPENT BASE WITH THE ELECTROLYTICALLY PRODUCED ACID TO REFORM THE ORIGINAL SALT SOLUTION AND TO REALEASE THE ABSORBED SULFUR DIOXIDE GAS, AND
(D) RECYCLING THE SALT SOLUTION TO THE ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND RECOVERING SULFUR DIOXIDE GAS.