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    Collaborative speed determination in distributed systems
    31.
    发明申请
    Collaborative speed determination in distributed systems 失效
    分布式系统中的协同速度确定

    公开(公告)号：US20100241742A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-09-23

    申请号：US12405246

    申请日：2009-03-17

    Applicant: John R. Douceur ,  James W. Mickens ,  Thomas Moscibroda ,  Debmalya Panigrahi

    Inventor： John R. Douceur ,  James W. Mickens ,  Thomas Moscibroda ,  Debmalya Panigrahi

    IPC: G06F15/173

    CPC classification number: H04L67/104 ,  H04L65/403 ,  H04L65/80

    Abstract: The described implementations relate to collaborative speed determination in distributed systems. One method estimates upload speeds of a plurality of hosts. The method sends a first bandwidth probe from a first host to a second host. The method receives, at the first host, a second bandwidth probe sent from the second host. The method determines which of the first and second bandwidth probes was relatively slower. The method designates either of the first or second hosts that sent the relatively slower bandwidth probe as a loser and takes a speed of the bandwidth probe of the loser as a first estimate of the loser's upload speed.

    Abstract translation: 所描述的实现涉及分布式系统中的协作速度确定。 一种方法估计多个主机的上传速度。 该方法将第一个带宽探测器从第一个主机发送到第二个主机。 该方法在第一主机处接收从第二主机发送的第二带宽探测器。 该方法确定第一和第二带宽探测器中哪一个相对较慢。 该方法指定发送相对较慢的带宽探测器作为输入者的第一或第二主机之一，并且将失败者的带宽探测器的速度作为失败者上传速度的第一估计。

    Exclusive encryption
    32.
    发明授权
    Exclusive encryption 有权
    独家加密

    公开(公告)号：US07770023B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-08-03

    申请号：US11275186

    申请日：2005-12-16

    Applicant: John R. Douceur ,  Atul Adya ,  Josh D. Benaloh ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    Inventor： John R. Douceur ,  Atul Adya ,  Josh D. Benaloh ,  Gideon A. Yuval

    IPC: H04L9/32

    CPC classification number: H04L63/0428 ,  G06F21/6209 ,  G06F21/6218 ,  G06F2221/2107

    Abstract: An exclusive encryption system is established using multiple computing devices. The exclusive encryption system allows for the exclusion of certain plaintext (e.g., by one of the computing devices) and ciphertext (e.g., by another of the computing devices) while at the same time maintaining the privacy created by the encryption (e.g., so the other computing device cannot see the plaintext). The exclusive encryption system may be implemented as part of a serverless distributed file system with directory entries (e.g., file names or folder names) being the plaintext, or alternatively as part of other systems.

    Abstract translation: 使用多个计算设备建立专用加密系统。 专用加密系统允许排除某些明文（例如，由计算设备之一）和密文（例如，由计算设备中的另一个），同时保持由加密产生的隐私（例如，因此， 其他计算设备看不到明文）。 独占加密系统可以被实现为具有目录条目（例如，文件名或文件夹名称）为明文，或作为其他系统的一部分的无服务器分布式文件系统的一部分。

    Method and system for regulating background tasks using performance measurements
    33.
    发明授权
    Method and system for regulating background tasks using performance measurements 失效

    公开(公告)号：US07765553B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-07-27

    申请号：US11010471

    申请日：2004-12-13

    Applicant: John R. Douceur ,  William J. Bolosky

    Inventor： John R. Douceur ,  William J. Bolosky

    IPC: G06F9/46

    CPC classification number: G06F9/4881

    Abstract: A method and system for regulating tasks of background processes so as to reduce interference with foreground processes. The progress rate of a background task (e.g., amount of work performed per unit time) is measured and evaluated against a target amount. If the progress rate appears degraded, the background task is suspended for a computed time interval so as to back off from its interference with a foreground process. Each time the progress rate appears degraded, the time interval is exponentially increased from its previous value up to a maximum, however if the performance appears normal, the time interval is reset to a minimum. Evaluation of the work is statistically based so as to eliminate variations in measurements, and automatic calibration of the target amount is provided, as is a mechanism for prioritizing multiple background tasks.

    On-disk file format for a serverless distributed file system
    35.
    发明授权
    On-disk file format for a serverless distributed file system 有权

    公开(公告)号：US07539867B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-26

    申请号：US11014317

    申请日：2004-12-16

    Applicant: William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

    Inventor： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

    IPC: G06F11/30 ,  H04K1/00

    CPC classification number: G06F17/30097 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H04L9/0656 ,  H04L9/3239 ,  H04L9/3249 ,  H04L2209/20 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/60

    Abstract: A file format for a serverless distributed file system is composed of two parts: a primary data stream and a metadata stream. The data stream contains a file that is divided into multiple blocks. Each block is encrypted using a hash of the block as the encryption key. The metadata stream contains a header, a structure for indexing the encrypted blocks in the primary data stream, and some user information. The indexing structure defines leaf nodes for each of the blocks. Each leaf node consists of an access value used for decryption of the associated block and a verification value used to verify the encrypted block independently of other blocks. In one implementation, the access value is formed by hashing the file block and encrypting the resultant hash value using a randomly generated key. The key is then encrypted using the user's key as the encryption key. The verification value is formed by hashing the associated encrypted block using a one-way hash function. The file format supports verification of individual file blocks without knowledge of the randomly generated key or any user keys. To verify a block of the file, the file system traverses the tree to the appropriate leaf node associated with a target block to be verified. The file system hashes the target block and if the hash matches the access value contained in the leaf node, the block is authentic.

    On-disk file format for a serverless distributed file system
    37.
    发明授权
    On-disk file format for a serverless distributed file system 有权
    无服务器分布式文件系统的磁盘文件格式

    公开(公告)号：US07454612B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

    申请号：US11014030

    申请日：2004-12-16

    Applicant: William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

    Inventor： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

    IPC: H04L29/00

    CPC classification number: G06F17/30097 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H04L9/0656 ,  H04L9/3239 ,  H04L9/3249 ,  H04L2209/20 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/60

    Abstract: A file format for a serverless distributed file system is composed of two parts: a primary data stream and a metadata stream. The data stream contains a file that is divided into multiple blocks. Each block is encrypted using a hash of the block as the encryption key. The metadata stream contains a header, a structure for indexing the encrypted blocks in the primary data stream, and some user information. The indexing structure defines leaf nodes for each of the blocks. Each leaf node consists of an access value used for decryption of the associated block and a verification value used to verify the encrypted block independently of other blocks. In one implementation, the access value is formed by hashing the file block and encrypting the resultant hash value using a randomly generated key. The key is then encrypted using the user's key as the encryption key. The verification value is formed by hashing the associated encrypted block using a one-way hash function. The file format supports verification of individual file blocks without knowledge of the randomly generated key or any user keys. To verify a block of the file, the file system traverses the tree to the appropriate leaf node associated with a target block to be verified. The file system hashes the target block and if the hash matches the access value contained in the leaf node, the block is authentic.

    Abstract translation: 无服务器分布式文件系统的文件格式由两部分组成：主数据流和元数据流。 数据流包含被分成多个块的文件。 使用块的散列作为加密密钥对每个块进行加密。 元数据流包含报头，用于索引主数据流中的加密块的结构以及一些用户信息。 索引结构为每个块定义叶节点。 每个叶节点由用于相关块的解密的访问值和用于独立于其他块验证加密块的验证值组成。 在一个实现中，通过使用随机生成的密钥对文件块进行散列并加密所得到的散列值来形成访问值。 密钥然后使用用户密钥作为加密密钥进行加密。 验证值通过使用单向散列函数对相关联的加密块进行散列来形成。 该文件格式支持对各个文件块的验证，而不知道随机生成的密钥或任何用户密钥。 为了验证文件的一个块，文件系统遍历树到与要验证的目标块相关联的相应叶节点。 文件系统对目标块进行散列，如果哈希匹配叶节点中包含的访问值，则该块是可信的。

    Adding custom content to mapping applications
    38.
    发明申请
    Adding custom content to mapping applications 有权
    向映射应用程序添加自定义内容

    公开(公告)号：US20080238941A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-10-02

    申请号：US11731032

    申请日：2007-03-29

    Applicant: Keith Robert Kinnan ,  Chandrasekhar Thota ,  Jaya Bhatia ,  Jeremy Eric Elson ,  Jonathan R. Howell ,  Danyel Fisher ,  John R. Douceur ,  Duncan Murray Lawler

    Inventor： Keith Robert Kinnan ,  Chandrasekhar Thota ,  Jaya Bhatia ,  Jeremy Eric Elson ,  Jonathan R. Howell ,  Danyel Fisher ,  John R. Douceur ,  Duncan Murray Lawler

    IPC: G09G5/00

    CPC classification number: G06T17/05 ,  G06F17/30241 ,  G06T15/04 ,  G06T15/20 ,  G06T19/20 ,  G06T2200/04 ,  G06T2207/30184 ,  G06T2210/04 ,  G09B29/007

    Abstract: Digital maps can be composed of a series of image tiles that are selected based on the context of the map to be presented. Independently hosted tiles can comprise additional details that can be added to the map. A manifest can be created that describes the layers of map details composed of such independently hosted tiles. Externally referable mechanisms can, based on the manifest and map context, select tiles, from among the independently hosted tiles, that correspond to map tiles being displayed to a user. Subsequently, the mechanisms can instruct a browser, as specified in the manifest, to combine the map tiles and the independently hosted tiles to generate a more detailed map. Alternatively, customized mechanisms can generate map detail tiles in real-time, based on an exported map context. Also, controls instantiated by the browser can render three-dimensional images based on the combined map tiles.

    Abstract translation: 数字地图可以由根据要呈现的地图的上下文选择的一系列图像块组成。 独立托管的图块可以包含可以添加到地图的其他细节。 可以创建一个清单，描述由这种独立托管的图块组成的地图细节层。 外部可引用机制可以基于清单和地图上下文，从独立托管的瓦片中选择对应于正在显示给用户的地图瓦片。 随后，机构可以指示清单中指定的浏览器来组合地图瓦片和独立托管的瓦片以生成更详细的地图。 或者，定制机制可以基于导出的地图上下文来实时生成地图细节瓦片。 此外，由浏览器实例化的控件可以基于组合的地图图块来呈现三维图像。

    Suspension and reinstatement of reference
    39.
    发明授权
    Suspension and reinstatement of reference 有权
    暂停和恢复参考

    公开(公告)号：US07373404B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-13

    申请号：US10966916

    申请日：2004-10-15

    Applicant: John R. Douceur ,  Yoram Bernet

    Inventor： John R. Douceur ,  Yoram Bernet

    IPC: G06F15/16

    CPC classification number: G06F9/52

    Abstract: A handle administration system is described in which software agents receive handles to various resources that they can use to obtain the resources. The described embodiments provide multiple states that can be assumed by the handles. An unassigned state is provided in which handles are not assigned to a particular resource, nor can they be dereferenced to obtain pointers to any resources. An assigned state is provided in which handles are assigned to a particular resource and can be dereferenced to obtain a pointer to the resource. A suspended state is provided in which the handles are assigned to a particular resource but cannot be dereferenced to obtain a pointer to that resource. Advantageously, a suspended handle can be reinstated to assume the assigned state. In one embodiment, the handle system is implemented by incorporating a suitable field in a handle database that is used to indicate that a handle is suspended. In another embodiment, no additional fields are necessary. Rather, handle values in the handle database are manipulated to indicate that a handle has been suspended. These manipulations can be easily undone to reinstate a handle. In the described embodiment, a three state handle system can be advantageously employed to implement a two-phase commit operation.

    Abstract translation: 描述了一种处理管理系统，其中软件代理程序接收他们可以用来获取资源的各种资源的句柄。 所描述的实施例提供了可由手柄假定的多个状态。 提供了未分配状态，其中句柄未分配给特定资源，也不能被取消引用以获得指向任何资源的指针。 提供分配状态，其中将句柄分配给特定资源，并且可以被取消引用以获得指向资源的指针。 提供了一种挂起状态，其中将句柄分配给特定资源，但不能取消引用以获取指向该资源的指针。 有利地，可以恢复悬挂的手柄以呈现分配的状态。 在一个实施例中，通过在句柄数据库中合并用于指示句柄被暂停的适当字段来实现句柄系统。 在另一个实施例中，不需要附加字段。 相反，处理句柄数据库中的值被操纵以指示句柄已被挂起。 这些操作可以很容易地撤消以恢复句柄。 在所描述的实施例中，可以有利地采用三状态句柄系统来实现两阶段提交操作。

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