摘要:
Spatial light modulator of reflective type having a laminated structure of multiple layers comprising a photoconductive layer on which an information carried by an incident writing light is written, a photomodulation layer which modulates an incident reading light correspondingly with the written information and a composite film made of insulation material and light-blocking material which are chemically non-reactive each other, the composite film is interposed between the photoconductive layer and the photomodulation layer to block the incident reading light passing through the photomodulation layer. The composite film may be formed by evaporating simultaneously an insulation material of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and a light-blocking material of Ge from the respective material sources within a vacuum chamber of physical vapor deposition.
摘要:
Novel cephalosporin derivatives are described which have excellent antibiotic activity against pathogenic bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas, Serratia and Enterobacter. The compounds have general formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, acyloxy, carbamoyloxy, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridinium group or a group -S-Het in which Het represents a substituted or unsubstituted, hetero atom-containing, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, R' is hydrogen, alkali metal, an organic amine or an ester moiety, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are hydrogen or a lower alkyl and B stands for a 1,4-cyclohexadienyl group, a group ##STR2## in which Y is hydrogen, --OH or ##STR3## in which R.sub.5 is an alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, aryl or alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Z stands for hydrogen or halogen and p is an integer of 1 or 2, a furan group or a thiophene group. Methods of preparation are described.
摘要:
A granular or powdery resin which is a condensation product of a phenol and formaldehyde, said granular or powdery resin being characterized by(A) containing spherical primary particles and secondary particles resulting from the agglomeration of the primary particles, each of the particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 microns,(B) having such a size that at least 50% by weight thereof can pass through a 100 Tyler mesh sieve,(C) having a free phenol content, determined by liquid chromatography, of not more than 50 ppm,(D) having a D.sub.990-1015 /D.sub.1600 ratio of from 0.2 to 9.0 and a D.sub.890 /D.sub.1600 ratio of from 0.09 to 1.0 in its infrared absorption spectrum measured by a KBr tablet method, wherein D.sub.1600 represents the absorption intensity of an absorption peak at 1600 cm.sup.-1, D.sub.990-1015 represents the highest absorption intensity of absorption peaks at 990 to 1015 cm.sup.-1, and the D.sub.890 represents the absorption intensity of an absorption peak at 890 cm.sup.-1, and(E) having a weight increase by acetylation of 23 to 40% by weight.The granular or powdery phenol-formaldehyde resin may be produced by a process which comprises contacting a phenol with a hydrochloric acid-formaldehyde bath containing 5 to 28% by weight of hydrochloric acid and 3 to 25% by weight of formaldehyde with the total concentration of hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde being 15 to 40% by weight, while maintaining a bath ratio, defined by the quotient of the weight of the hydrochloric acid-formaldehyde bath divided by the weight of the phenol, of at least 8, said contacting being effected such that after contacting of the phenol with the bath, white suspended particles are formed and thereafter developed into a pink-colored granular or powdery solid.
摘要:
A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±α” and “60±β” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |α|+|β|≦10 (α and β are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.
摘要:
A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±α” and “60±β” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |α|+|β|≦10 (α and β are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.
摘要:
A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±α” and “60±β” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |α|+|β|≦10 (α and β are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.
摘要:
To provide a liquid crystal aligning agent which can provide a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film provided with alignability for liquid crystal molecules by rubbing without fail and having excellent liquid crystal alignability. The liquid crystal aligning agent comprises at least one selected from a polyamic acid having a specific structure having 2 or 3 rings, and an imidized polymer of the polyamic acid and further having alkyl group having the main chain with 8 or more carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl group having the main chain with 3 or more carbon atoms, or 1,1-cycloalkylene group having 6 or more carbon atoms which may be substituted.
摘要:
The present invention provides a technique of a method for driving an image displaying apparatus to suppress animated picture pseudo-contour, flicker disturbance and pseudo-contour disturbance by making weighting of light emission within a field is made equal to or almost equal to each other at all gradations. According to this technique, when an image signal of multiple gradation is expressed by dividing one field duration to a plurality of subfields with different relative ratios of luminance, a given number of subfields among a plurality of subfields are divided to “2n” subfields (SF1a to SF8b) wherein “n” represents an arbitrary integral number. Then, “2n” subfield groups (SF1a to SF8a, SF1b to SF8b) are formed so that one group divided to “2n” subfield belong to the groups different from each other. Subfield groups (A and B) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of one field duration, and the subfields (SFna, SFnb) divided to “2n” subfields are symmetrically arranged.
摘要:
There are disclosed a .beta.-lactam compound represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; M is a hydrogen atom, a protective group or an eliminatable group which is easily hydrolyzable in a human body; R' and R" are independently a hydrogen atom or a protective group; A is a mercapto group substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted polycyclic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring or a group represented by the following formula (a):--OOCNR.sub.3 R.sub.4 (a)where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are both hydrogen atoms, both R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 being hydrogen atoms are excluded,or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a method for preparing the same , medicinal composition for microbism therapy containing the same and intermediates for synthesis of the same.
摘要:
There is disclosed a novel .beta.-lactam antibiotics represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a group represented by the formulae -NHCO--, --NHCONHCO--, --NHCOCH.dbd.CH-- or ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a protective group; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group; X is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a protected hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group or a nitro group; n is an integer of 1 or 2; Y is a group represented by the formulae: ##STR3## provided that a carbon atom which is bonded by a carboxyl group being bonded to nitrogen atom; M is a hydrogen atom, a protective group or an easily hydrolyzable group in a human body; R.sub.7 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group a lower alkoxy-methyl group or a group represented by the formula: --CH.sub.2 --T where T is an acyloxy group, a carbamoyloxy group, a quaternary ammonium, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring or a formula: --S--R.sub.8 where R.sub.8 is an acyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each hydrogen atoms or combined with each other to form additional direct bond; Z is a direct bond or a carbonyl group when R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen atoms, or a formula: --O--B-- where the oxygen atom is bonded to nitrogen atom and B is a straight, branched or cyclic alkylene group when R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are combined with each other to form additional direct bond, or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt.