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31.发明授权Determination of casing thickness using a natural gamma ray spectroscopy technique 失效使用自然伽马射线光谱技术测定套管厚度
公开(公告)号：US4459479A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-10
申请号：US395517
申请日：1982-07-06
摘要： A method of well logging utilizing naturally occurring gamma radiation is disclosed. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the casing in a well borehole is measured. The photoelectric absorption of gamma rays from the formation by the iron in the casing varies as a function of the energy of the gamma radiation. The detected gamma spectrum below about 350 KeV from the surrounding earth formation is preferably divided into two energy ranges or windows, and a ratio between the two to indicate the thickness of any intervening steel casing material. With suitable scale factors in calibration of the system, casing thickness can be determined from the ratio of the summed naturally occurring gamma count rate in the range of about 35 to about 120 KeV divided by the count rate in a higher energy range from about 180-325 KeV.
摘要翻译： 公开了利用天然存在的γ射线进行测井的方法。 在优选和示出的实施例中，测量井眼中的壳体的厚度。 由外壳中的铁形成的γ射线的光电吸收作为γ辐射的能量的函数而变化。 从周围的地层形成的低于约350KeV的检测的伽马光谱优选分为两个能量范围或窗口，两者之间的比率表示任何中间钢外壳材料的厚度。 在系统校准中具有合适的比例因子时，可以根据在约35至约120KeV的范围内求和的天然存在的伽马计数率除以在较大能量范围内的计数率与约180- 325 KeV。
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32.发明授权Gain stabilized natural gamma ray detection of casing thickness in a borehole 失效在井眼中获得稳定的天然γ射线检测套管厚度
公开(公告)号：US4450354A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-22
申请号：US483400
申请日：1983-04-08
摘要： A gain stabilized natural gamma ray spectroscopy system is used to measure casing thickness in a cased well borehole. A ratio of gamma ray intensity in two selected energy ranges forms a measurement signal representative of casing thickness based on the photoelectric absorption of natural gamma rays by iron. A coincidence technique employing dual scintillation crystals and a stabilization source of charged particles and known energy gamma rays is used for gain stabilization.
摘要翻译： 增益稳定的自然伽马射线光谱系统用于测量套管井眼中的套管厚度。 两个选定能量范围内的伽马射线强度的比率基于铁的自然γ射线的光电吸收形成表示壳体厚度的测量信号。 使用双重闪烁晶体的巧合技术和带电粒子和已知能量γ射线的稳定源用于增益稳定。
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公开(公告)号：US4439676A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-27
申请号：US270937
申请日：1981-06-05
申请人： Harry D. Smith, Jr. , Dan M. Arnold
发明人： Harry D. Smith, Jr. , Dan M. Arnold
CPC分类号： G01V5/06
摘要： A natural gamma ray logging system utilizes gamma ray spectroscopy to measure thorium, uranium and potassium content of earth formations adjacent a well borehole. An additional measurement is also taken from which compensation for borehole effects on the measurements of interest is achieved.
摘要翻译： 天然伽马射线测井系统采用伽马射线光谱法测量井眼附近地层的钍，铀和钾含量。 还采用了额外的测量方法，从而对钻孔效应对感兴趣的测量值进行了补偿。
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公开(公告)号：US4375164A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-01
申请号：US256447
申请日：1981-04-22
申请人： Carl Dodge , Harry D. Smith, Jr.
发明人： Carl Dodge , Harry D. Smith, Jr.
CPC分类号： G01L11/025 , E21B47/06 , E21B49/10 , G01K11/32 , G01K3/14
摘要： A well tool for developing measurements of pressure or temperature in a well bore comprising an elongated well tool which utilizes a coherent beam of light which is applied to the ends of separate fiber optics and the other ends of the fiber optics are detected to produce an electrical signal in response to differences between the outputs of the fiber optics to the detector. For measuring pressure, one fiber optic may be coiled in a temperature insulated chamber and sense a discrete sample from the earth formations while the other fiber optic is coiled in a temperature insulated reference pressure chamber. In another embodiment both fiber optics are subjected to pressure samples from longitudinally spaced locations of the earth formations. In still another embodiment, the fiber optics are subjected to the temperature in the bore hole at longitudinally spaced locations for obtaining a temperature gradient measurement.
摘要翻译： 用于开发井眼中压力或温度测量的良好工具，其包括利用施加到单独光纤的端部和光纤的另一端的相干光束的细长阱工具，以产生电气 响应于光纤到检测器的输出之间的差异的信号。 对于测量压力，一个光纤可以卷绕在温度绝缘室中，并感测来自地层的离散样品，而另一个光纤被卷绕在温度绝缘的参考压力室中。 在另一个实施例中，两个纤维光学器件经受来自地层的纵向间隔位置的压力样品。 在另一个实施例中，纤维光学器件在纵向间隔的位置处经受钻孔中的温度，以获得温度梯度测量。
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公开(公告)号：US4370886A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US248162
申请日：1981-03-30
申请人： Harry D. Smith, Jr. , Carl Dodge
发明人： Harry D. Smith, Jr. , Carl Dodge
CPC分类号： E21B49/10 , E21B47/065 , E21B49/005
摘要： In situ measurement of the gas content of formation fluid using thermal expansion principles. The formation fluid from a wellbore source is passed through an expansion type valve into a test chamber. The temperature and pressure are measured upstream and downstream of the valve. The difference in the temperature measurement is an indicator of gas content in the formation fluid. Samples of the formation fluid can be taken on favorable indicators.
摘要翻译： 使用热膨胀原理原位测量地层流体的气体含量。 来自井眼源的地层流体通过膨胀型阀进入测试室。 在阀的上游和下游测量温度和压力。 温度测量的差异是地层流体中气体含量的指标。 地层流体的样品可以采用有利的指标。
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36.发明授权Simultaneous gamma ray measurement of formation bulk density and casing thickness 失效同时测量地层体积密度和套管厚度的γ射线
公开(公告)号：US4297575A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-27
申请号：US66125
申请日：1979-08-13
CPC分类号： E21B47/082 , G01V5/125
摘要： A method for simultaneously measuring the formation bulk density and the thickness of casing in a cased well borehole is disclosed. Low energy gamma rays are emitted into the casing and formation in a cased borehole. Two longitudinally spaced detectors detect gamma rays scattered back into the borehole by the casing and surrounding earth materials. The count rate signals from the two detectors are appropriately combined according to predetermined relationships to produce the formation bulk density and the casing thickness, which are recorded as a function of borehole depth.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于同时测量套管井眼中的地层堆积密度和套管厚度的方法。 低能γ射线被排放到套管中并在套管钻孔中形成。 两个纵向间隔的检测器检测由壳体和周围的土体材料散射回钻孔的伽马射线。 根据预定的关系适当地组合来自两个检测器的计数率信号，以产生作为钻孔深度的函数记录的地层堆积密度和壳体厚度。
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公开(公告)号：US4122338A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-24
申请号：US809574
申请日：1977-06-24
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： A system for measuring the thermal neutron lifetime of earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole is disclosed. A downhole sonde is equipped with a pulsed neutron source, a thermal neutron or gamma ray detector and a pair of measurement electrodes. The measured salinity of the borehole fluid is used to optimize the delay time to the opening of measurement gating intervals for signals from the detector.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量井眼附近的地层的热中子寿命的系统。 井下探测器配备有脉冲中子源，热中子或伽马射线探测器和一对测量电极。 井眼液体的测量盐度用于优化从检测器的信号开始测量门控间隔的延迟时间。
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38.发明授权Use of PNC tools to determine the depth and relative location of proppant in fractures and the near borehole region 有权使用PNC工具来确定支撑剂在裂缝和近井眼区域的深度和相对位置公开(公告)号：US09038715B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-26
申请号：US13461498
申请日：2012-05-01
IPC分类号： E21B47/09 , E21B43/04 , E21B43/267 , E21B47/10
CPC分类号： E21B43/04 , E21B43/267 , E21B47/1015
摘要： Methods are provided for identifying the location and height of induced subterranean formation fractures and the presence of any associated frac-pack or gravel pack material in the vicinity of the borehole using pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logging tools. The proppant/sand used in the fracturing and packing processes is tagged with a thermal neutron absorbing material. When proppant is present, increases in detected PNC formation and/or borehole component cross-sections, combined with decreases in measured count rates, are used to determine the location of the formation fractures and the presence and percent fill of pack material in the borehole region. Changes in measured formation cross-sections relative to changes in other PNC parameters provide a relative indication of the proppant in fractures compared to that in the borehole region.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于使用脉冲中子捕获（PNC）测井工具来识别诱发的地层岩石断裂的位置和高度以及在钻孔附近存在任何相关压裂填料或砾石填充材料的方法。 在压裂和包装过程中使用的支撑剂/砂用热中子吸收材料标记。 当支撑剂存在时，检测到的PNC形成和/或钻孔组分横截面的增加以及测量计数率的降低结合使用来确定地层断裂的位置以及在井眼区域中包装材料的存在和百分比填充 。 相对于其他PNC参数的变化，测量地层横截面的变化提供了与井眼区域相比，支撑剂在裂缝中的相对指示。
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39.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08355873B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-15
申请号：US11288826
申请日：2005-11-29
申请人： Ali Mese , Syed Hamid , Dingding Chen , Harry D. Smith, Jr. , John Howard , Neal Skinner
发明人： Ali Mese , Syed Hamid , Dingding Chen , Harry D. Smith, Jr. , John Howard , Neal Skinner
IPC分类号： G01V9/00
CPC分类号： G01V11/00
摘要： Reservoir characterization based on observations of displacements at the earth's surface. One method of characterizing a reservoir includes the steps of: detecting a response of the reservoir to a stimulus, the stimulus causing a pressure change in the reservoir; and determining a characteristic of the reservoir from the response to the stimulus. The response may be the pressure change which varies periodically over time, or a set of displacements of a surface of the earth. In another example, a method includes the steps of: detecting a set of displacements of the earth's surface corresponding to a pressure change in the reservoir; and determining a characteristic of the reservoir from the surface displacements. In yet another example, a method includes the steps of: detecting a set of displacements of the earth's surface corresponding to a change in volume of the reservoir; and determining a characteristic of the reservoir from the surface displacements.
摘要翻译： 基于地球表面位移观测的油藏特征。 表征储层的一种方法包括以下步骤：检测储层对刺激的响应，所述刺激导致储层中的压力变化; 以及从所述刺激的响应确定所述储层的特性。 响应可以是随时间周期性地变化的压力变化或地球表面的一组位移。 在另一示例中，一种方法包括以下步骤：检测对应于储层中的压力变化的地球表面的一组位移; 以及从表面位移确定储层的特征。 在又一示例中，一种方法包括以下步骤：检测对应于储层体积变化的地球表面的一组位移; 以及从表面位移确定储层的特征。
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公开(公告)号：US08100177B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-24
申请号：US12358168
申请日：2009-01-22
摘要： A method for determining the location and height of a fracture in a subterranean formation using a neutron emitting logging tool. The method includes obtaining a pre-fracture data set, fracturing the formation with a slurry that includes a proppant doped with a high thermal neutron capture cross-section material, obtaining a post-fracture data set, comparing the pre-fracture data set and the post-fracture data set to determine the location of the proppant, and correlating the location of the proppant to a depth measurement of the borehole to determine the location and height of the fracture. Using a pulsed neutron capture tool, it is also possible to determine whether the proppant is located in the fracture, in the borehole adjacent to the fracture, or in both. The method may also include a plurality of post-fracture logging procedures used to determine various fracture and production characteristics in the formation.
摘要翻译： 一种使用中子发射测井工具确定地下地层断裂位置和高度的方法。 该方法包括获得裂缝前数据集，利用包含掺杂有高热中子俘获横截面材料的支撑剂的浆料压裂地层，获得断裂后数据集，比较裂缝前数据集和 断裂后数据集来确定支撑剂的位置，并将支撑剂的位置与钻孔的深度测量相关联，以确定裂缝的位置和高度。 使用脉冲中子捕获工具，还可以确定支撑剂是否位于裂缝中，邻近骨折的钻孔中，或两者中。 该方法还可以包括用于确定地层中各种断裂和生产特性的多个后裂缝测井程序。
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