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31.发明授权Dipole/monopole acoustic transmitter, methods for making and using same in down hole tools 有权偶极/单极声发射器，在井下工具中制作和使用相同的方法
公开(公告)号：US6102152A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US335988
申请日：1999-06-18
CPC分类号： G01V1/52
摘要： A sonic or acoustic tool is disclosed which includes a transmitter with reduced transmitter spawned noise. The transmitters are either monopole or dipole depending on the orientation of ports in a chamber divided by a piston driven by an actuator. The transmitter size is limited only by the diameter of the tools itself because the transmitters are oriented within the tool parallel to the axis of the tool.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种声音或声学工具，其包括具有减小的发射器产生噪声的发射器。 发射器是单极或偶极，这取决于腔室中的端口的方向，除以由致动器驱动的活塞。 变送器尺寸仅由工具本身的直径限制，因为变送器在平行于工具轴线的工具内定向。
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公开(公告)号：US6021093A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-01
申请号：US856112
申请日：1997-05-14
CPC分类号： G01V1/44
摘要： A transducer configuration of an acoustic sensing tool for determining the consistency of a first medium disposed between a layer having a greater acoustic reflectivity than the first medium and a second medium, the sensing tool including a rotating head, wherein the tool comprises first, second and third transducer pairs in a spaced apart configuration, each pair comprising a transmitting transducer for transmitting an acoustic radiation signal in an insonified zone, and receiving transducer having a receiving radiation pattern in a insonified zone, wherein the space between the transmitting and receiving transducers in each pair is constructed and arranged to allow the transmitting and receiving insonified zones to intersect behind but not in the acoustically reflective layer to null reverberation energy therefrom. The tool also includes a centerline of radiation from each transmitting transducer that propagates and refracts through the reflective layer such that all transmitting centerlines intersect in an intersection near voxel, wherein the intersection voxel is interrogated by all three transducer pairs substantially simultaneously at nearly a single azimuthal head position, such that any occlusion is interrogated from three different directions, thereby facilitating determination of occlusion surface orientation.
摘要翻译： 用于确定布置在具有比第一介质更大的声反射率的层之间的第一介质和第二介质的一致性的声学感测工具的传感器配置，所述感测工具包括旋转头，其中所述工具包括第一和第二介质 第三传感器对以间隔开的配置，每对包括用于在未加密区域中传输声辐射信号的发射换能器，以及在第一增强区域中接收具有接收辐射图的换能器，其中每个发射和接收换能器之间的空间 对被构造和布置成允许发送和接收的声音区域在后面而不是在声反射层中相交，以消除其中的混响能量。 该工具还包括来自每个发射换能器的辐射的中心线，其传播和折射通过反射层，使得所有发射中心线在体素附近的交叉点相交，其中所述三个换能器对基本同时以几乎一个方位角询问交叉体素 头位置，使得从三个不同方向询问任何闭塞，从而有助于确定闭塞表面取向。
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33.发明授权Apparatus and method for analyzing a retrieving formation fluid utilizing acoustic measurements 失效使用声学测量分析回收地层流体的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5741962A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-21
申请号：US628408
申请日：1996-04-05
申请人： James R. Birchak , Mark A. Proett
发明人： James R. Birchak , Mark A. Proett
CPC分类号： G01V1/40 , E21B49/10 , G01N29/024 , G01N2291/011 , G01N2291/015 , G01N2291/018 , G01N2291/02433 , G01N2291/02818 , G01N2291/02872 , G01N2291/048 , G01N2291/102
摘要： This invention provides a closed-loop system for in situ testing of formation fluid conditions and for selectively collecting substantially mud filtrate free formation fluid samples at original formation conditions. The system contains an elongated member having a probe that is sealingly placed against the wellbore formation to withdraw formation fluids. A surface controlled pump controls the flow of a fluid from the formation into a flowline placed in the elongated member. A pressure sensor provides downhole hydrostatic pressure and an acoustic density cell provides the speed of sound in the fluid, acoustic impedance of the fluid and acoustic absorption coefficient of the fluid in the flowline. The system determines the density and compressibility of the formation fluid in the flowline from the speed of sound in the fluid and acoustic impedance of the fluid. The formation of the bubbles are identified or detected from the acoustic absorption coefficient of the fluid in the flowline. The system controls the movement of fluid into the flowline to selectively collect the formation fluid samples that are substantially free from any mud filtrates while maintaining the fluid pressure above the bubble point pressure of the formation fluid. This invention provides a method for retrieving and collecting formation fluids from a zone of interest in a wellbore at the original formation conditions.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种闭环系统，用于对地层流体条件进行原位测试，并在原始形成条件下选择性地基本上收集泥浆无滤液地层流体样品。 该系统包含细长构件，其具有密封地抵靠井筒地层放置以取出地层流体的探针。 表面控制的泵控制流体从地层流入放置在细长构件中的流线。 压力传感器提供井下静水压力，声学密度单元提供流体中的声速，流体的声阻抗和流线中流体的声吸收系数。 该系统从流体中的声速和流体的声阻抗来确定流线中的地层流体的密度和压缩性。 根据流线中的流体的声吸收系数识别或检测气泡的形成。 该系统控制流体流入流线以选择性地收集基本上没有任何泥浆滤液的地层流体样品，同时将流体压力保持在地层流体的泡点压力以上。 本发明提供了一种用于在原始形成条件下从井眼中的感兴趣区域中回收和收集地层流体的方法。
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34.发明授权System for acoustically determining the quality of the cement bond in a cased borehole 失效用于声学确定套管井眼中水泥粘结质量的系统
公开(公告)号：US4805156A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-14
申请号：US910076
申请日：1986-09-22
CPC分类号： E21B47/0005 , G01V1/44 , G01N2291/015 , G01N2291/0231 , G01N2291/0422 , G01N2291/103 , G01N2291/2636
摘要： The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for obtaining azimuthally dependent measurements for evaluating the casing cement bond quality and, more particularly, for detecting and specifically locating channels or fissures between the casing and cement. The quality of the bond behind one or more arcs of known location on the casing is determinable by the present invention. The apparatus and method of the present invention employ a plurality of sonic transducers disposed in near contact with the casing in defined segmented locations about or around the exterior surface of a downhole tool. The transducers are arranged in a plurality of arrays, each array comprising four transducers, two transmitting and two receiving transducers, disposed along a single arc about or around the exterior of the tool. The transducers are arranged so that two adjacent transducers in each array perform the same function in the array so that the bond quality between the similarly functioning and adjacent transducers is determined. The sets of arrays of transducers provide determinations in a continuous and complete loop around the casing. The casing cement bond quality is determined by measuring the attenuation of the compression wave from a pulsed acoustic wave traveling along the arcs of the helices. The apparatus and method of the present invention are also useful for making azimuthally dependent measurements in hard formations to detect fractures in uncased boreholes. When detecting fractures, the attenuation of the shear wave rather than the compression wave is measured.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于获得用于评估套管水泥粘合质量的方位依赖性测量的装置和方法，更具体地，涉及用于检测和具体定位壳体和水泥之间的通道或裂缝。 通过本发明可以确定壳体上已知位置的一个或多个弧之后的粘合质量。 本发明的装置和方法采用多个声音换能器，它们围绕或围绕井下工具的外表面在限定的分段位置处与壳体近接触地设置。 传感器布置成多个阵列，每个阵列包括四个换能器，两个发射和两个接收换能器，沿着工具的外部或周围沿着单个弧设置。 换能器被布置成使得每个阵列中的两个相邻换能器在阵列中执行相同的功能，使得确定相似功能和相邻换能器之间的接合质量。 传感器阵列组在壳体周围的连续且完整的环路中提供了测量。 通过测量沿着螺旋弧线传播的脉冲声波的压缩波的衰减来确定套管水泥粘合质量。 本发明的装置和方法还可用于在硬地层中进行方位依赖性测量以检测未经钻井的裂缝。 当检测到裂缝时，测量剪切波而不是压缩波的衰减。
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35.发明授权System for monitoring formation spontaneous potential and polarization constant while drilling 失效在钻井时监测地层自发电位和极化常数的系统
公开(公告)号：US4625173A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-25
申请号：US595251
申请日：1984-03-30
CPC分类号： G01V3/082
摘要： An electrode insulated from and mounted to the outside of a drill collar in a drill string positioned in a borehole is used for measuring formation spontaneous potential. A current measuring device, such as an ammeter, is connected through a varible ammeter resistor and a switch between the electrode and the drill collar. The ammeter measures current flow from the formation along the walls of the borehole to the drill string to determine the spontaneous potential of the formation at various points along the borehole while it is being drilled. The switch in the ammeter circuit is interrupted at a pre-selected rate and the ammeter current signal is connected through a lock-in amplifier to cancel random noise in the signal and produce an accurate measurement of the very small currents flowing between the electrode and the drill collar. The currents are indicative of spontaneous potentials in the formation. The value of the ammeter resistor is varied and the frequency of closure of the switch is swept over a pre-selected range to measure the time constant of the polarization of the formation along the borehole.
摘要翻译： 用于测量地层自发电位的绝缘并安装在位于钻孔中的钻柱中的钻铤的外部的电极。 诸如电流表的电流测量装置通过可变电流表电阻器和电极和钻铤之间的开关连接。 电流表测量沿着钻孔壁的地层流向钻柱的电流，以确定在钻孔时沿着钻孔的各个点处的地层的自发电位。 电流表电路中的开关以预选速率中断，电流表电流信号通过锁定放大器连接，以消除信号中的随机噪声，并对电极和电极之间流动的非常小的电流进行精确测量 钻铤 电流指示地层中的自发电位。 电流表电阻的值变化，并且开关的闭合频率在预选范围内扫过，以测量地层沿钻孔的极化的时间常数。
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公开(公告)号：US08107316B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-31
申请号：US11083858
申请日：2005-03-18
申请人： Tim W. Geerits , James R. Birchak
发明人： Tim W. Geerits , James R. Birchak
IPC分类号： G01V1/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/44
摘要： In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and an article, may include exciting a plurality of signal source pairs having a substantially equal and non-zero acoustic signature amplitude difference in a frequency domain to provide acoustic signal data, and acquiring the acoustic signal data along a selected azimuth. The plurality of signal source pairs may comprise acoustic bender plates, perhaps included in the outer wall of a downhole tool.
摘要翻译： 在一些实施例中，设备和系统以及方法和物品可以包括激励在频域中具有基本相等且非零的声学签名幅度差的多个信号源对以提供声信号数据， 以及沿所选方位获取声信号数据。 多个信号源对可以包括可能包括在井下工具的外壁中的声学弯曲板。
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公开(公告)号：US06594199B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-15
申请号：US10154121
申请日：2002-05-23
IPC分类号： G01V140
CPC分类号： G01V1/186 , B06B1/0611 , G01V1/52
摘要： A pressure pulse sensor and associated methods provide enhanced functionality and convenience in detecting pressure pulses. In a described embodiment, a hydrophone includes a stack of disc-shaped lead titanate piezoelectric crystals enclosed within an epoxy membrane and a mounting portion which is aligned with a center of mass of the crystal stack.
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公开(公告)号：US6137747A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US87220
申请日：1998-05-29
申请人： Vimal V. Shah , James R. Birchak , John W. Minear , Wallace R. Gardner , Donald Kyle , John R. Dennis , Kenny McConnell , George S. Reagan , Rebecca McConnell
发明人： Vimal V. Shah , James R. Birchak , John W. Minear , Wallace R. Gardner , Donald Kyle , John R. Dennis , Kenny McConnell , George S. Reagan , Rebecca McConnell
CPC分类号： G01V11/002 , B06B1/0611
摘要： The invention is an acoustic transmitter that imparts vibratory stresses onto a signal propagation medium such as oil well tubing when actuated by an electric driver. In one embodiment, the acoustic transmitter utilizes a mechanical driver that includes piezoelectric elements to generate the vibratory stresses. The acoustic transmitter is mechanically attached at only one point to the signal propagation medium. This single point attachment eliminates loading on the acoustic transmitter from compressive and tensile forces carried by the signal propagation medium. A mass backing the mechanical driver may be used to extend the frequency range over which the acoustic transmitter is operable. In addition, the resonance response of the acoustic transmitter may be minimized by the use of a viscous dampener. The viscous dampener is configured to "couple" with the mechanical driver when the acoustic transmitter is operating and to "uncouple" with the mechanical driver at other times.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种在由电动驱动器致动时将振动应力施加到诸如油井管道之类的信号传播介质上的声发射器。 在一个实施例中，声发射器利用包括压电元件的机械驱动器来产生振动应力。 声发射机仅在一个点处机械连接到信号传播介质。 这种单点附件消除了声发射器上由信号传播介质承载的压缩和拉伸力的负担。 可以使用机械驱动器的质量来扩展声发射器可操作的频率范围。 此外，通过使用粘性阻尼器可以使声发射器的共振响应最小化。 粘性阻尼器被配置为当声发射器操作时与机械驱动器“耦合”，并且在其它时间与机械驱动器“脱离”。
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39.发明授权System and method for processing acoustic signals to image behind reflective layers 失效将声信号处理成反射层后的图像的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5995447A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-30
申请号：US856114
申请日：1997-05-14
CPC分类号： G01V1/44
摘要： A system for acoustically imaging a target region behind an acoustically reflective layer includes a transducer configuration for acquiring acoustic image data from the reflective layer and target region, wherein the reflective layer and target region are divided into voxels circumferentially disposed about a central point. The system includes a mechanism for processing the data comprising a transmitting transducer for transmitting a first acoustic pulse, a receiving transducer for detecting a first arrival of a first acoustic reflection signal associated with the first acoustic pulse, and a mechanism for suppressing multiple reflected signals from the acoustic reflection signal associated with the first acoustic pulse, wherein the suppressing mechanism facilitates the acquisition of image data from the target region. The system may also include a mechanism which filters and compresses acoustic data downhole, transmits data uphole and which reassembles data uphole for conversion into an image on standard computer display equipment.
摘要翻译： 用于对声反射层后面的目标区域进行声学成像的系统包括用于从反射层和目标区域获取声像数据的换能器配置，其中反射层和目标区域被分成围绕中心点周向设置的体元。 该系统包括用于处理数据的机构，该机构包括用于发送第一声学脉冲的发射换能器，用于检测与第一声学脉冲相关联的第一声反射信号的第一次到达的接收换能器，以及用于抑制来自 与第一声学脉冲相关联的声反射信号，其中抑制机构有助于从目标区域获取图像数据。 该系统还可以包括一个机构，用于对井下的声学数据进行滤波和压缩，在井上传输数据，并重新组装数据，以便在标准计算机显示设备上转换为图像。
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