摘要:
The present invention provides methods and devices for fabricating 3D structures and patterns of 3D structures on substrate surfaces, including symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns of 3D structures. Methods of the present invention provide a means of fabricating 3D structures having accurately selected physical dimensions, including lateral and vertical dimensions ranging from 10 s of nanometers to 1000 s of nanometers. In one aspect, methods are provided using a mask element comprising a conformable, elastomeric phase mask capable of establishing conformal contact with a radiation sensitive material undergoing photoprocessing. In another aspect, the temporal and/or spatial coherence of electromagnetic radiation using for photoprocessing is selected to fabricate complex structures having nanoscale features that do not extend entirely through the thickness of the structure fabricated.
摘要:
A method of and apparatus for determining the spatial distribution of polarisation properties of an optical fiber (1). Pulses (7) of light are transmitted along the optical fiber (1) and the polarisation state of light backscattered from portions e and elements R of the optical fiber (1) detected. A spatial distribution of linear retardance δ, orientation of linear retardance axes q and circular retardance axes can be accurately determined. This has application in the analysis of Polarisation Mode Dispension (PMD) in telecommunications as well as, inter alia, strain, stress, temperature and electric current and voltage measurement using optical fibers.
摘要:
Performance parameters for a reciprocating pump including pulsation energy, temperature energy, solids, Miller number and chemical energy and the like are monitored and employed to at least periodically compute a total energy number over the operating life of the pump. The current computed value is compared to a predictive failure value empirically determined for the respective pump design, to determine when failure is likely to be imminent. Scheduling of maintenance with other pumping operations and objective rating of competing designs is possible based on the total energy number.
摘要:
This invention relates to soil conditioner, fertilizer and fungicide compositions. In particular it relates to soil conditioner, fertilizer and fungicide compositions that utilizes by-products from brewing processes, and especially made from malt extract or spent grain liquor. The invention also relates to methods of manufacturing soil conditioners, fertilizers and fungicides.
摘要:
An anti-rotation device for preventing rotation of a damper spring and an inner air seal in a stator assembly is provided. The anti-rotation device is formed by a lug positioned within a slot at a center of an inner air seal arc segment. The lug engages a slot in the damper spring and a cutout in a stator segment so as to prevent rotation of the damper spring and the inner air seal in either direction relative to the stator assembly.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods, devices and device components for fabricating patterns on substrate surfaces, particularly patterns comprising structures having microsized and/or nanosized features of selected lengths in one, two or three dimensions. The present invention provides composite patterning devices comprising a plurality of polymer layers each having selected mechanical properties, such as Young's Modulus and flexural rigidity, selected physical dimensions, such as thickness, surface area and relief pattern dimensions, and selected thermal properties, such as coefficients of thermal expansion, to provide high resolution patterning on a variety of substrate surfaces and surface morphologies.
摘要:
A cell system has one or multiple burstable enclosures or closed cells which contain an active composition, such as a fluid or solid (including powdered) product, preferably a liquid product, which is released therefrom when the enclosures or closed cells are ruptured. Each enclosure or cell is provided with a flow control which controls the direction and flow of the composition outwardly of the enclosure or cell when the enclosure or cell is ruptured. The flow control is formed by a film covering one side of an enclosure or cell with the film having a cut-out portion forming a flow control window. The composition can be a face cleaning lotion or cream, a disinfectant, a household cleaning composition, a perfume, a polish or a medicament.
摘要:
A canister for containing a bed of particles, for example sorbent particles, which includes a loading device for applying a predetermined compressive load to the bed of particles and an adjusting device for automatically adjusting the loading device to maintain substantially the predetermined compressive load. The adjusting device functions in conjunction with the pressure of an operating fluid in the canister.