公开(公告)号：US07488962B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-10

申请号：US11421144

申请日：2006-05-31

申请人： Vladimir Korobochko ,  Alexander Keller ,  Juergen Kleinschmidt

发明人： Vladimir Korobochko ,  Alexander Keller ,  Juergen Kleinschmidt

IPC分类号： G21K5/02

CPC分类号： H05G2/003 ,  H05G2/005

摘要： The invention is directed to an arrangement for the generation of intensive short-wavelength radiation based on a gas discharge plasma. It is the object of the invention to find a novel possibility for generating intensive short-wavelength radiation, particularly EUV radiation, based on a gas discharge plasma which achieves a long life of the electrode system along with a high total efficiency of the radiation source without substantially increasing the dimensions of the discharge unit. This object is met, according to the invention, in that exclusively suitably shaped vacuum insulation areas which have the shape of an annular gap and which are formed depending on the product of gas pressure (p) and interelectrode distance (d) between the cathode and anode are provided for insulating the cathode and anode from one another in a cylindrically symmetric electrode arrangement for reliable suppression of electron arcing.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于产生基于气体放电等离子体的强烈的短波长辐射的装置。 本发明的目的是发现基于气体放电等离子体产生强烈的短波长辐射，特别是EUV辐射的新型可能性，其能够实现电极系统的长寿命以及辐射源的高总效率而没有 大大增加了放电单元的尺寸。 根据本发明，符合本发明的目的在于，具有环形间隙形状的完全合适形状的真空绝缘区域，其取决于气体压力（p）和阴极和（d）之间的电极间距离（d）的乘积而形成 阳极被提供用于将阴极和阳极彼此隔离成圆柱形对称电极布置，以可靠地抑制电子弧。

公开(公告)号：US07425957B2

公开(公告)日：2008-09-16

申请号：US11619275

申请日：2007-01-03

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/00

CPC分类号： G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for a pixel in an image, the pixel value being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera, the computer graphics system comprising a sample point generator and a function evaluator. The sample point generator is configured to generate a set of sample points, at least one sample point being generated using at least one depenent sample comprising at least one element of a low-discrepancy sequence offset by at least one element of another low-discrepancy sequence. The function evaluator is configured to generate at least one value representing an evaluation of a selection function at one of the sample points, the value generated by the function evaluator corresponding to the pixel value.

摘要翻译： 计算机图形系统生成图像中的像素的像素值，像素值表示记录在模拟相机的图像平面上的场景中的点，该计算机图形系统包括采样点发生器和函数评估器 。 采样点发生器被配置为生成一组采样点，使用至少一个依赖样本来生成至少一个采样点，该至少一个采样点包括由另一个低差异序列的至少一个元素偏移的低差异序列的至少一个元素 。 功能评估器被配置为生成表示在一个采样点上的选择功能的评估的至少一个值，由与像素值相对应的函数评估器生成的值。

公开(公告)号：US20080189324A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-07

申请号：US11549356

申请日：2006-10-13

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F8/73 ,  G06F8/61

摘要： Techniques for expressing temporal relationships between lifecycle representations are provided. For example, one computer-implemented technique includes obtaining two or more lifecycle representations of at least two components of at least one computing system, annotating the two or more lifecycle representations with at least one temporal relationship, and storing the two or more annotated lifecycle representations as at least one deployment descriptor, wherein the at least one deployment descriptor is useable for managing the at least one computing system. In another computer-implemented technique, at least two internal lifecycle models of at least two components of at least one computing system are analyzed, at least one temporal relationship that exists between the at least two components are analyzed, and the at least one temporal relationship is transformed into at least one sequence of change management operations for use in managing the at least one computing system.

摘要翻译： 提供了表示生命周期表达之间时间关系的技术。 例如，一种计算机实现的技术包括获得至少一个计算系统的至少两个组件的两个或多个生命周期表示，用至少一个时间关系注释两个或更多个生命周期表示，以及存储两个或多个注释的生命周期表示 作为至少一个部署描述符，其中所述至少一个部署描述符可用于管理所述至少一个计算系统。 在另一种计算机实现的技术中，分析了至少一个计算系统的至少两个组件的至少两个内部生命周期模型，分析存在于该至少两个组件之间的至少一个时间关系，并且至少一个时间关系 被转换成用于管理至少一个计算系统的至少一个变更管理操作序列。

公开(公告)号：US20070222780A1

公开(公告)日：2007-09-27

申请号：US11676796

申请日：2007-02-20

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06F17/00

CPC分类号： G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： Computer graphics apparatus, methods and systems and program products operable to generate and display human-perceptible images, comprise a ray tracer operable to generate a ray tree, the ray tree comprising a primary ray shot along a selected direction and a plurality of other rays, the other rays being generated by recursive splitting. A ray is split when it encounters a predetermined condition, and each of the rays into which it is split is directed along a selected direction. The ray tracer comprises a low-discrepancy sequence generator an condition detector and a ray generator. The low-discrepancy sequence generator is configured to generate elements of at least one low-discrepancy sequence. The condition detector is configured to determine, for one of the rays in the ray tree, whether the one of the rays encounters the predetermined condition. The ray generator is configured to, when the condition detector makes a positive determination in connection with the one of the rays, generate a selected number “M” of split rays each along a splitting, direction determined by a respective direction value.

摘要翻译： 可操作以产生和显示人类可感知图像的计算机图形装置，方法和系统以及程序产品包括可操作以产生射线树的射线追踪器，所述射线树包括沿选定方向的主射线和多个其它射线， 其他光线是通过递归分割生成的。 当遇到预定条件时，射线被分裂，并且其中被分裂的射线中的每个射线沿选定的方向被引导。 射线追踪器包括一个低差异序列发生器，一个条件检测器和一个射线发生器。 低差异序列发生器被配置为生成至少一个低差异序列的元素。 条件检测器被配置为针对射线树中的一个射线确定射线中的一个是否遇到预定条件。 射线发生器被配置为当条件检测器与一条光线相结合时确定正确时，沿着由相应的方向值确定的分割方向产生分割光线的选定数量“M”。

公开(公告)号：US07227547B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-05

申请号：US09884861

申请日：2001-06-19

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50

CPC分类号： G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for a pixel in an image, the pixel being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera. The computer graphics system comprises a sample point generator and a function evaluator. The sample point generator is configured to generate a set of sample points representing at least one simulated element of the simulated camera, the sample points representing elements of, illustratively, for sample points on the image plane, during time interval during which the shutter is open, and on the lens, a Hammersley sequence, and, for use in global illumination, a scrambled Halton sequence. The function evaluator configured to generate at least one value representing an evaluation of said selected function at one of the sample points generated by said sample point generator, the value generated by the function evaluator corresponding to the pixel value.

摘要翻译： 计算机图形系统为图像中的像素生成像素值，该像素代表记录在模拟相机的图像平面上的场景中的点。 计算机图形系统包括采样点发生器和功能评估器。 采样点发生器被配置为在快门打开的时间间隔期间生成表示模拟相机的至少一个模拟元素的采样点集合，采样点表示图像平面上的采样点的元素，示例性地示出 ，并且在镜头上是Hammersley序列，并且在全局照明中使用加扰的Halton序列。 所述功能评估器被配置为在由所述采样点发生器产生的采样点之一中产生表示对所选择的函数的评估的至少一个值，所述值由与所述像素值相对应的所述函数评估器生成。

公开(公告)号：US07187379B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-06

申请号：US10299955

申请日：2002-11-19

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/60 ,  G06F1/02

CPC分类号： G06T15/506 ,  G06T3/40 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/55 ,  G09G5/363 ,  G09G2360/18

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for a pixel in an image, the pixel being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera, the computer graphics system being configured to generate the pixel value for an image using a selected ray-tracing methodology in which simulated rays are shot from respective ones of a plurality of subpixels in the pixel, each subpixel having coordinates (sx,sy) in the image plane The computer graphics system comprises a sample point generator and a function evaluator. The sample point generator is configured to map subpixel coordinates (sx,sy) onto strata coordinates (j,k):=(sx mod 2n,sy mod 2n), from which a ray is to be shot, in accordance with x i = ( s x + σ ⁡ ( k ) 2 n , s y + σ ⁡ ( j ) 2 n ) where “i” is an instance number for the ray generated as i=j2n+σ(k), where integer permutation σ(k):=2nΦb(k) for 0≦k

公开(公告)号：US20050278406A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US10439311

申请日：2003-05-15

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06F7/38 ,  G06F17/10

CPC分类号： G06F17/10

摘要： A system for numerically evaluating an integral of a function over an s-dimensional integration domain is described, the system comprising a sample point generator, a function value generator and an integral value estimate generator. The sample point generator is configured to generate a selected number of sample points over the integration domain, the sample points being generated such that there is at least one sample point in each of a plurality of strata distributed over the integration domain, the strata being defined by a rank-I lattice. The function value generator is configured to, for respective ones of the sample points, generate a value for the function at the respective sample point. The integral value estimate generator is configured to use the function values generated by the function value generator at the respective sample points in generating an estimate for the value of the integral. The system finds utility in a number of areas, including computer graphics.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于数值评估在s维集成域上的函数积分的系统，该系统包括采样点发生器，函数值发生器和积分值估计发生器。 样本点生成器被配置为在整合域上生成选定数量的采样点，生成采样点，使得在整个域上分布的多个层中的每一层中至少有一个采样点，所述层被定义 由等级I格。 功能值发生器被配置为对于相应的采样点，在相应采样点处产生功能的值。 积分值估计生成器被配置为在生成对积分值的估计的各个采样点处使用由函数值生成器生成的函数值。 该系统在许多领域都可以找到应用，包括计算机图形学。

公开(公告)号：US20050275660A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US09884861

申请日：2001-06-19

申请人： Alexander Keller

发明人： Alexander Keller

IPC分类号： G06F17/18 ,  G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/60 ,  G09G5/00

CPC分类号： G06T15/06 ,  G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/55

摘要： A computer graphics system generates a pixel value for a pixel in an image, the pixel being representative of a point in a scene as recorded on an image plane of a simulated camera. The computer graphics system comprises a sample point generator and a function evaluator. The sample point generator is configured to generate a set of sample points representing at least one simulated element of the simulated camera, the sample points representing elements of, illustratively, for sample points on the image plane, during time interval during which the shutter is open, and on the lens, a Hammersley sequence, and, for use in global illumination, a scrambled Halton sequence. The function evaluator configured to generate at least one value representing an evaluation of said selected function at one of the sample points generated by said sample point generator, the value generated by the function evaluator corresponding to the pixel value.

摘要翻译： 计算机图形系统为图像中的像素生成像素值，该像素代表记录在模拟相机的图像平面上的场景中的点。 计算机图形系统包括采样点发生器和功能评估器。 采样点发生器被配置为在快门打开的时间间隔期间生成表示模拟相机的至少一个模拟元素的采样点集合，采样点表示图像平面上的采样点的元素，示例性地示出 ，并且在镜头上是Hammersley序列，并且在全局照明中使用加扰的Halton序列。 所述功能评估器被配置为在由所述采样点发生器产生的采样点之一中产生表示对所选择的函数的评估的至少一个值，所述值由与所述像素值相对应的所述函数评估器生成。

公开(公告)号：US20050193381A1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-01

申请号：US10789147

申请日：2004-02-27

申请人： Joseph Hellerstein ,  Alexander Keller ,  Vijaya Krishnan ,  Joel Wolf ,  Kun-Lung Wu

发明人： Joseph Hellerstein ,  Alexander Keller ,  Vijaya Krishnan ,  Joel Wolf ,  Kun-Lung Wu

IPC分类号： G06F9/45 ,  G06Q10/00

CPC分类号： G06Q10/04

摘要： Methods and arrangements for operating distributed computing systems, and more particularly, to techniques for constructing and analyzing change plans are disclosed. Included are an arrangement for submitting a request for change to the system, an arrangement for specifying the order in which tasks execute in compliance with data and temporal dependency constraints; and an arrangement for creating a change plan.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于操作分布式计算系统的方法和布置，更具体地，涉及用于构建和分析变化计划的技术。 包括向系统提交更改请求的安排，用于指定任务按照数据和时间依赖约束执行的顺序的安排; 以及制定变更计划的安排。

公开(公告)号：US06460865B2

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09847246

申请日：2001-05-02

申请人： Alexander Keller ,  Edwin Lehner ,  Premek Stepanek ,  Piero G. Ruffinengo

发明人： Alexander Keller ,  Edwin Lehner ,  Premek Stepanek ,  Piero G. Ruffinengo

IPC分类号： B62B904

CPC分类号： A43B5/0403 ,  A43B5/0423 ,  A63C10/10 ,  A63C10/103

摘要： A snowboard binding that includes lock-retaining elements having sloping or conical surfaces for guiding the sole of a snow boot into a seated position. The boot sole becomes more restricted in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the further the boot is introduced into the binding. Also is disclosed a snowboard binding and a boot combination having interengaging boot-retaining members on the binding and locking parts on the boot sole.

摘要翻译： 一种滑雪板装订，其包括具有倾斜或圆锥形表面的锁定保持元件，用于将雪靴的鞋底引导到就座位置。 鞋底在纵向和横向上变得更加受限制，靴子进一步被引入到装订中。 还公开了一种在雪橇鞋底上的装订和锁定部件上具有相互接合的靴子保持构件的滑雪板装订和启动组合。