公开(公告)号：US08185658B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-22

申请号：US12852225

申请日：2010-08-06

申请人： Quaizar Vohra ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Quaizar Vohra ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L12/4633 ,  H04L12/4675 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/028 ,  H04L45/586

摘要： Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are supported in which customers may use popular internet gateway protocol (IGPs) without the need to convert such IGPs, running on customer devices to a single protocol, such as the border gateway protocol (BGP). Scaling problems, which might otherwise occur when multiple instances of an IGP flood link state information, are avoided by using a flooding topology which is smaller than a forwarding topology. The flooding topology may be a fully connected sub-set of the forwarding topology.

摘要翻译： 支持虚拟专用网络（VPN），其中客户可以使用流行的互联网网关协议（IGP），而不需要将在客户设备上运行的这样的IGP转换为单一协议，例如边界网关协议（BGP）。 通过使用小于转发拓扑的洪泛拓扑来避免IGP Flood链路状态信息的多个实例可能发生的扩展问题。 洪泛拓扑可以是完全连接的转发拓扑的子集。

公开(公告)号：US08000327B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US11567570

申请日：2006-12-06

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/306

摘要： A router comprises an interface for receiving packets, wherein the packets include Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels having the same label value that corresponds to an MPLS label switched path (LSP), and wherein each of the MPLS packets includes MPLS experimental (EXP) bits defined to identify a class of service to which the respective packet belongs. The router is a transit router along the MPLS LSP, and further includes a control unit that, for each of the packets, accesses forwarding information to determine whether to forward the packet along the LSP or to redirect the packet along a second LSP based on the classes of service specified in the EXP bits. The router receives policies via a user interface, and applies the policies to index into the forwarding information to select a forwarding entry, wherein the index is responsive to the label value in combination with the EXP bits.

摘要翻译： 路由器包括用于接收分组的接口，其中所述分组包括与MPLS标签交换路径（LSP）相对应的具有相同标签值的多协议标签交换（MPLS）标签，并且其中每个MPLS分组包括MPLS实验（EXP） 定义为识别相应分组所属的服务类别的比特。 该路由器是沿着MPLS LSP的中转路由器，还包括一个控制单元，对于每一个分组，该控制单元访问转发信息以确定是沿着LSP转发分组还是基于第二个LSP重定向分组 EXP位中指定的服务等级。 路由器通过用户界面接收策略，并将策略应用到转发信息中以选择转发条目，其中索引响应于标签值与EXP比特结合。

公开(公告)号：US20110103228A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：US12609837

申请日：2009-10-30

申请人： Nischal Sheth ,  Zhaohui Zhang ,  Lili Wang

发明人： Nischal Sheth ,  Zhaohui Zhang ,  Lili Wang

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/12 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/66

摘要： A network device identifies an Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) link between the network device and a layer 2 network as one of a point-to-multipoint over broadcast interface or a point-to-multipoint over non-broadcast multi access (NBMA) interface, and performs database synchronization and neighbor discovery and maintenance using one of a broadcast model or a NBMA model. The network device also generates a link-state advertisement for the network device, where the link-state advertisement includes a separate link description for each point-to-point link within the layer 2 network; and sends the link-state advertisement to each fully adjacent neighbor in the layer 2 network.

摘要翻译： 网络设备将网络设备和第2层网络之间的开放式最短路径优先（OSPF）链路标识为点对多点广播接口或非广播多路访问（NBMA）之间的点对多点之一， 接口，并使用广播模型或NBMA模型之一执行数据库同步和邻居发现和维护。 网络设备还为网络设备生成链路状态广告，其中链路状态广告包括针对第2层网络内的每个点对点链路的单独的链路描述; 并向第2层网络中的每个完全相邻的邻居发送链路状态通告。

公开(公告)号：US07894352B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-22

申请号：US12329708

申请日：2008-12-08

申请人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Kireeti Kompella ,  Ping Pan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L43/50 ,  H04L43/0811 ,  H04L43/12

摘要： Detecting if a label-switched path (LSP) is functioning properly. To test that packets that belong to a particular Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) actually end their MPLS LSP on an label switching router (LSR) that is an egress for that FEC, a request message carrying information about the FEC whose LSP is being verified may be used. The request message may be forwarded like any other packet belonging to that FEC. A basic connectivity test as well as a fault isolation test are supported. In a basic connectivity test mode, the packet should reach the end of the LSP, at which point it is sent to the control plane of the egress LSR. The LSR then verifies that it is indeed an egress for the FEC. In a fault isolation test mode, the packet is sent to the control plane of each transit LSR, which performs various checks that it is indeed a transit LSR for the LSP. The transit LSR may also return further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane, i.e., that forwarding matches what the routing protocols determined as the path. A reliable return path is used for the reply.

摘要翻译： 检测标签交换路径（LSP）是否正常工作。 为了测试属于特定转发等价类（FEC）的分组实际上在作为该FEC的出口的标签交换路由器（LSR）上结束其MPLS LSP，携带有关正在被验证LSP的FEC的信息的请求消息可以 使用。 请求消息可以像属于该FEC的任何其他分组一样转发。 支持基本的连接测试以及故障隔离测试。 在基本连接测试模式下，分组应到达LSP的末尾，此时将发送到出口LSR的控制平面。 然后，LSR验证它确实是FEC的出口。 在故障隔离测试模式下，将数据包发送到每个传输LSR的控制平面，进行各种检查，确认它是LSP的传输LSR。 传输LSR还可以返回有助于检查控制平面对数据平面的进一步信息，即，该转发与确定为路径的路由协议相匹配。 答复使用可靠的返回路径。

公开(公告)号：US07702810B1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-20

申请号：US10357262

申请日：2003-02-03

申请人： Ping Pan ,  Der-Hwa Gan ,  Nischal Sheth

发明人： Ping Pan ,  Der-Hwa Gan ,  Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G01R31/08 ,  G06F11/00 ,  G08C15/00 ,  H04J1/16 ,  H04J3/14 ,  H04L1/00 ,  H04L12/26

CPC分类号： H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/50

摘要： Outages in a label-switched path (LSP) are detected quickly using adjacency information, such as IGP “hello neighbor” queries. Protocols, such as IGP can be instructed to check certain adjacencies more frequently. For example, a node in an LSP can determine a next downstream node in the LSP as an adjacency, check that adjacency much more frequently, and in the event that the adjacency is lost (due to a down link, a down interface, or a down node), switch any LSPs that have the adjacency to a failover path or route. Since these checks need not be performed using hardware signaling, outages of shared media interfaces, such as Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, can be checked.

摘要翻译： 使用邻接信息（例如IGP“hello neighbor”）查询来快速检测标签交换路径（LSP）中的中断。 可以指示诸如IGP的协议更频繁地检查某些邻接。 例如，LSP中的节点可以将LSP中的下一个下游节点确定为邻接关系，更频繁地检查邻接关系，并且在邻接丢失的情况下（由于下行链路，down接口或 down节点），将与邻接关系的任何LSP切换到故障转移路径或路由。 由于不需要使用硬件信号执行这些检查，因此可以检查诸如以太网和千兆以太网之类的共享介质接口的故障。

公开(公告)号：US07664877B1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-16

申请号：US10099510

申请日：2002-03-15

申请人： Nischal Sheth

发明人： Nischal Sheth

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L65/00 ,  H04L45/507

摘要： Methods and apparatus for allowing routers in an autonomous system to implement LDP and RSVP at the same time. RSVP can be used in the network core with LDP being used in network regions surrounding the core. LDP LSPs are tunneled through the RSVP network core using RSVP LSPs and label stacking techniques. During route selection LDP LSPs which use an RSVP LSP tunnel are preferred over alternative LDP LSPs having an equal cost associated with them to create a preference for traffic engineered routes.

摘要翻译： 允许自治系统中的路由器同时实现LDP和RSVP的方法和装置。 RSVP可用于网络核心，LDP用于围绕核心的网络区域。 LDP LSP使用RSVP LSP和标签堆叠技术通过RSVP网络进行隧道传输。 在路由选择期间，使用RSVP LSP隧道的LDP LSP优先于具有与其相关联的相同成本的替代LDP LSP，以创建对流量工程路由的偏好。