公开(公告)号：US08000327B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US11567570

申请日：2006-12-06

申请人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

发明人： Ina Minei ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/50 ,  H04L45/306

摘要： A router comprises an interface for receiving packets, wherein the packets include Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) labels having the same label value that corresponds to an MPLS label switched path (LSP), and wherein each of the MPLS packets includes MPLS experimental (EXP) bits defined to identify a class of service to which the respective packet belongs. The router is a transit router along the MPLS LSP, and further includes a control unit that, for each of the packets, accesses forwarding information to determine whether to forward the packet along the LSP or to redirect the packet along a second LSP based on the classes of service specified in the EXP bits. The router receives policies via a user interface, and applies the policies to index into the forwarding information to select a forwarding entry, wherein the index is responsive to the label value in combination with the EXP bits.

摘要翻译： 路由器包括用于接收分组的接口，其中所述分组包括与MPLS标签交换路径（LSP）相对应的具有相同标签值的多协议标签交换（MPLS）标签，并且其中每个MPLS分组包括MPLS实验（EXP） 定义为识别相应分组所属的服务类别的比特。 该路由器是沿着MPLS LSP的中转路由器，还包括一个控制单元，对于每一个分组，该控制单元访问转发信息以确定是沿着LSP转发分组还是基于第二个LSP重定向分组 EXP位中指定的服务等级。 路由器通过用户界面接收策略，并将策略应用到转发信息中以选择转发条目，其中索引响应于标签值与EXP比特结合。

公开(公告)号：US08259564B1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-04

申请号：US12425503

申请日：2009-04-17

申请人： Hannes Gredler ,  John Galen Scudder ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Yakov Rekhter

发明人： Hannes Gredler ,  John Galen Scudder ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Yakov Rekhter

IPC分类号： G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/2005 ,  H04L45/507

摘要： This disclosure describes techniques for protecting an endpoint of a label switched path. In one embodiment, a system includes an ingress router, a primary egress router, backup router, and a point of local repair (PLR) router. The ingress router, the PLR router, and the first egress router form a first label switched path. The backup router provides protection for the primary egress router such that the backup router provides routing services for the first egress router when the first egress router is not available. The primary egress router and the backup router share an anycast IP address. The backup router advertises a route to reach the primary egress router, but upon receiving a packet intended for the primary egress router, the backup router identifies the destination of the packet and forwards the packet to the destination instead of the primary egress router along a different route.

摘要翻译： 本公开描述了用于保护标签交换路径的端点的技术。 在一个实施例中，系统包括入口路由器，主出口路由器，备用路由器和本地修复（PLR）路由器的点。 入口路由器，PLR路由器和第一出口路由器形成第一标签交换路径。 备用路由器为主出口路由器提供保护，使得当第一出口路由器不可用时，备用路由器为第一出口路由器提供路由服务。 主出口路由器和备份路由器共享一个任播IP地址。 备用路由器通告路由到达主要出口路由器，但是在接收到主出口路由器的数据包后，备份路由器会识别报文的目的地，并将数据包转发到目的地而不是主出口路由器 路线。

公开(公告)号：US08634418B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-21

申请号：US13174962

申请日：2011-07-01

申请人： Ambrose Kwong ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Harish Sitaraman ,  Avneesh Sachdev

发明人： Ambrose Kwong ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Harish Sitaraman ,  Avneesh Sachdev

IPC分类号： H04L12/28

CPC分类号： H04L45/245 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/50 ,  Y02D50/30

摘要： In general, techniques are described for providing extended administrative groups in networks. A network device comprising an interface and a control unit may implement the techniques. The interface receives a routing protocol message that advertises a link. This message includes a field for storing first data associated with the link in accordance with the routing protocol. The field is defined by the routing protocol as a field having a different function from an administrative group field defined by the same routing protocol. The control unit determines that this field has been repurposed to store second data, wherein this second data specifies an extended administrative group for the link different from those that may be specified by the administrative group field. The control unit then updates routing information to associate the advertised link with the extended administrative group and performs path selection to select paths based on the updated routing information.

摘要翻译： 一般来说，描述了在网络中提供扩展管理组的技术。 包括接口和控制单元的网络设备可以实现这些技术。 接口接收通告链路的路由协议消息。 该消息包括用于根据路由协议存储与链路相关联的第一数据的字段。 该字段由路由协议定义为具有与由相同路由协议定义的管理组字段不同的功能的字段。 控制单元确定该字段已被重新利用以存储第二数据，其中该第二数据指定用于该链接的扩展管理组，其不同于可由管理组字段指定的那些。 然后，控制单元更新路由信息以将通告的链路与扩展管理组相关联，并且基于更新的路由信息​​执行路径选择以选择路径。

公开(公告)号：US20130003728A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：US13174962

申请日：2011-07-01

申请人： Ambrose Kwong ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Harish Sitaraman ,  Avneesh Sachdev

发明人： Ambrose Kwong ,  Nischal Sheth ,  Hannes Gredler ,  Nitin Bahadur ,  Harish Sitaraman ,  Avneesh Sachdev

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/245 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/50 ,  Y02D50/30

摘要： In general, techniques are described for providing extended administrative groups in networks. A network device comprising an interface and a control unit may implement the techniques. The interface receives a routing protocol message that advertises a link. This message includes a field for storing first data associated with the link in accordance with the routing protocol. The field is defined by the routing protocol as a field having a different function from an administrative group field defined by the same routing protocol. The control unit determines that this field has been repurposed to store second data, wherein this second data specifies an extended administrative group for the link different from those that may be specified by the administrative group field. The control unit then updates routing information to associate the advertised link with the extended administrative group and performs path selection to select paths based on the updated routing information.

摘要翻译： 一般来说，描述了在网络中提供扩展管理组的技术。 包括接口和控制单元的网络设备可以实现这些技术。 接口接收通告链路的路由协议消息。 该消息包括用于根据路由协议存储与链路相关联的第一数据的字段。 该字段由路由协议定义为具有与由相同路由协议定义的管理组字段不同的功能的字段。 控制单元确定该字段已被重新利用以存储第二数据，其中该第二数据指定用于该链接的扩展管理组，其不同于可由管理组字段指定的那些。 然后，控制单元更新路由信息以将通告的链路与扩展管理组相关联，并且基于更新的路由信息​​执行路径选择以选择路径。

公开(公告)号：US08700801B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-15

申请号：US13110987

申请日：2011-05-19

申请人： Jan Medved ,  Hannes Gredler ,  David Ward ,  Satish Raghunath

发明人： Jan Medved ,  Hannes Gredler ,  David Ward ,  Satish Raghunath

IPC分类号： H04L29/06

CPC分类号： H04L45/42 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/64 ,  H04L67/32 ,  H04L69/321 ,  H04L69/329

摘要： In general, techniques are described for using routing information obtained by operation of network routing protocols to dynamically generate network and cost maps for an application-layer traffic optimization (ALTO) service. For example, an ALTO server of an autonomous system (AS) receives routing information from routers of the AS by listening for routing protocol updates outputted by the routers and uses the received topology information to dynamically generate a network map of PIDs that reflects a current topology of the AS and/or of the broader network that includes the AS. Additionally, the ALTO server dynamically calculates inter-PID costs using received routing information that reflects current link metrics. The ALTO server then assembles the inter-PID costs into a cost map that the ALTO server may provide, along with the network map, to clients of the ALTO service.

摘要翻译： 一般来说，描述了使用通过网络路由协议的操作而获得的路由信息​​来动态地生成用于应用层流量优化（ALTO）服务的网络和成本映射的技术。 例如，自治系统（AS）的ALTO服务器通过监听由路由器输出的路由协议更新从AS的路由器接收路由信息，并使用接收的拓扑信息动态生成反映当前拓扑的PID的网络映射 的AS和/或包括AS的更广泛的网络。 此外，ALTO服务器使用反映当前链路指标的接收路由信息动态计算PID间成本。 然后，ALTO服务器将PID成本组合到ALTO服务器可以提供的成本图以及网络映射到ALTO服务的客户端。

公开(公告)号：US20120144066A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-07

申请号：US13110987

申请日：2011-05-19

申请人： Jan Medved ,  Hannes Gredler ,  David Ward ,  Satish Raghunath

发明人： Jan Medved ,  Hannes Gredler ,  David Ward ,  Satish Raghunath

IPC分类号： G06F15/173

CPC分类号： H04L45/42 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/64 ,  H04L67/32 ,  H04L69/321 ,  H04L69/329

摘要： In general, techniques are described for using routing information obtained by operation of network routing protocols to dynamically generate network and cost maps for an application-layer traffic optimization (ALTO) service. For example, an ALTO server of an autonomous system (AS) receives routing information from routers of the AS by listening for routing protocol updates outputted by the routers and uses the received topology information to dynamically generate a network map of PIDs that reflects a current topology of the AS and/or of the broader network that includes the AS. Additionally, the ALTO server dynamically calculates inter-PID costs using received routing information that reflects current link metrics. The ALTO server then assembles the inter-PID costs into a cost map that the ALTO server may provide, along with the network map, to clients of the ALTO service.

摘要翻译： 一般来说，描述了使用通过网络路由协议的操作而获得的路由信息​​来动态地生成用于应用层流量优化（ALTO）服务的网络和成本映射的技术。 例如，自治系统（AS）的ALTO服务器通过监听由路由器输出的路由协议更新从AS的路由器接收路由信息，并使用接收的拓扑信息动态生成反映当前拓扑的PID的网络映射 的AS和/或包括AS的更广泛的网络。 此外，ALTO服务器使用反映当前链路指标的接收路由信息动态计算PID间成本。 然后，ALTO服务器将PID成本组合到ALTO服务器可以提供的成本图以及网络映射到ALTO服务的客户端。

公开(公告)号：US09019865B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-28

申请号：US13411292

申请日：2012-03-02

申请人： Hannes Gredler ,  Jan Medved ,  David Ward

发明人： Hannes Gredler ,  Jan Medved ,  David Ward

IPC分类号： H04L12/28 ,  H04L12/715 ,  H04L12/725

CPC分类号： H04L47/125 ,  H04L45/04 ,  H04L45/121 ,  H04L45/124 ,  H04L45/302 ,  H04L45/44 ,  H04L45/50 ,  H04L47/724 ,  H04L47/785

摘要： In general, techniques are described for distributing traffic engineering (TE) link information across network routing protocol domain boundaries using a routing protocol. In one example, a network device logically located within a first routing protocol domain includes a routing protocol module executing on a control unit to execute an exterior gateway routing protocol. The routing protocol module of the network device receives an exterior gateway routing protocol advertisement from a router logically located within a second routing protocol domain and decodes traffic engineering information for a traffic engineering link from the exterior gateway routing protocol advertisement. A path computation module of the network device computes a traffic engineered path by selecting the traffic engineering link for inclusion in the traffic engineered path based on the traffic engineering information.

摘要翻译： 一般来说，描述了使用路由协议跨网络路由协议域边界分配流量工程（TE）链路信息的技术。 在一个示例中，逻辑上位于第一路由协议域内的网络设备包括在控制单元上执行以执行外部网关路由协议的路由协议模块。 网络设备的路由协议模块从逻辑上位于第二路由协议域内的路由器接收外部网关路由协议通告，并从外部网关路由协议广告中解码流量工程链路的流量工程信息。 网络设备的路径计算模块通过根据流量工程信息选择流量工程链路来包含在流量工程路径中，计算流量工程路径。

公开(公告)号：US08942256B1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-27

申请号：US13345243

申请日：2012-01-06

申请人： Colby Barth ,  David Ward ,  Hannes Gredler ,  John E. Drake

发明人： Colby Barth ,  David Ward ,  Hannes Gredler ,  John E. Drake

IPC分类号： H04J3/16 ,  H04L12/66

CPC分类号： H04L41/12 ,  H04J3/1611 ,  H04L43/0829 ,  H04L43/0847 ,  H04L43/087 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/12 ,  H04L45/245 ,  H04Q11/0066 ,  H04Q2011/0083 ,  Y02D50/30

摘要： In general, techniques are described for extending routing protocol advertisements to include respective attributes of constituent links of an aggregation group. In one example, a network device includes a management interface that receives configuration information that specifies first and second constituent links for a layer two (L2) aggregated interface. The first and second constituent links are physical links connected to respective physical interfaces of forwarding units of the network device. A routing protocol daemon of the control unit generates a link state message that specifies layer three (L3) routing information associated with the aggregated interface and further specifies an attribute of the first constituent link and an attribute of the second constituent link. The routing protocol daemon sends the link state message from the network device to another network device of the network in accordance with a routing protocol.

摘要翻译： 通常，描述了用于扩展路由协议通告以包括聚合组的组成链路的相应属性的技术。 在一个示例中，网络设备包括管理接口，其接收为第二层（L2）聚合接口指定第一和第二组成链路的配置信息。 第一和第二组成链路是连接到网络设备的转发单元的相应物理接口的物理链路。 控制单元的路由协议守护进程生成指定与聚合接口相关联的第三层（L3）路由信息的链路状态消息，并进一步指定第一组成链路的属性和第二组成链路的属性。 路由协议守护程序根据路由协议将网络设备的链路状态消息发送到网络的另一个网络设备。

公开(公告)号：US08909736B1

公开(公告)日：2014-12-09

申请号：US13547917

申请日：2012-07-12

申请人： Hendrikus G. P. Bosch ,  Scott Ferguson ,  Jan Medved ,  David Ward ,  Hannes Gredler

发明人： Hendrikus G. P. Bosch ,  Scott Ferguson ,  Jan Medved ,  David Ward ,  Hannes Gredler

IPC分类号： G06F15/16

CPC分类号： H04L67/1093 ,  H04L65/4084 ,  H04L65/60 ,  H04L67/2814 ,  H04N21/63

摘要： In general, techniques are described for managing content request referrals by keying content requests to a composite key data structure that maps end-user address prefixes and content identifiers to content delivery network servers of downstream CDNs. In one example, a CDN exchange includes a communication module to receive first network prefixes and first content identifiers from a first secondary content delivery network and to receive second network prefixes and second content identifiers from a second secondary content delivery network. A request router of the CDN exchange redirects the content request to the first secondary content delivery network or to the second secondary content delivery network according to a network address of the end user device and a content identifier for the content request.

摘要翻译： 通常，描述了通过将内容请求键入到将终端用户地址前缀和内容标识符映射到下游CDN的内容传送网络服务器的复合密钥数据结构来管理内容请求引用的技术。 在一个示例中，CDN交换机包括通信模块，用于从第一次要内容传送网络接收第一网络前缀和第一内容标识符，并从第二次要内容传送网络接收第二网络前缀和第二内容标识符。 CDN交换机的请求路由器根据最终用户设备的网络地址和内容请求的内容标识符将内容请求重定向到第一次要内容传送网络或第二次要内容传送网络。

公开(公告)号：US08787400B1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-22

申请号：US13536669

申请日：2012-06-28

申请人： Colby Barth ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  David Ward ,  Joel Obstfeld ,  Hannes Gredler ,  John E. Drake

发明人： Colby Barth ,  Kireeti Kompella ,  David Ward ,  Joel Obstfeld ,  Hannes Gredler ,  John E. Drake

IPC分类号： H04L12/56

CPC分类号： H04L45/24 ,  H04L45/125

摘要： Routers balance network traffic among multiple paths through a network according to an amount of bandwidth that can be sent on an outgoing interface computed for each of the paths. For example, a router receives a link bandwidth for network links that are positioned between the first router and a second router of the network, and selects a plurality of forwarding paths from the first router to the second router. Upon determining that one of the network links is shared by multiple of the plurality of forwarding paths, the router computes a path bandwidth for each of the plurality of outgoing interfaces so as to account for splitting of link bandwidth of the shared network link across the multiple forwarding paths that share the network link. The router assigns packet flows to the forwarding paths based at least on the computed amount of bandwidth for each of the outgoing interfaces.

摘要翻译： 路由器根据可以在为每个路径计算的出站接口上发送的带宽量，通过网络平衡多个路径之间的网络流量。 例如，路由器接收位于第一路由器和网络的第二路由器之间的网络链路的链路带宽，并且从第一路由器到第二路由器选择多条转发路径。 在确定所述网络链路中的一个由所述多个转发路径中的多个转发路径共享时，所述路由器计算所述多个输出接口中的每一个的路径带宽，以便考虑所述共享网络链路在所述多个转发路径中的链路带宽的分割 共享网络链路的转发路径。 路由器至少基于计算出的每个输出接口的带宽量将分组流分配给转发路径。