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公开(公告)号：US06355928B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09282581
申请日：1999-03-31
IPC分类号： G01V800
CPC分类号： G01V8/02 , E21B47/102 , E21B49/08
摘要： This invention provides a method and an apparatus for fiber optic tomographic analysis and imaging of fluids. This invention includes a method for providing information on downhole fluid flowing in a hydrocarbon well, utilizing at least one downhole tomograph chamber (10). Light is introduced into the tomograph chamber (10) by an optical fiber bundle (24), and portions of the light are collected in other optical fiber bundles (32, 34). The collected portions of light are conveyed through the optical fiber bundles (32, 34) to a surface system (14), where the light is detected to produce signals proportional to the portions of light to provide information on optical properties of downhole fluid flowing in the well. This invention allows the generation of two or three dimensional images of multiple phase flow in the wellbore and allows determination of production parameters of multiple zones on an individual zone basis.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于光纤断层摄影分析和流体成像的方法和装置。 本发明包括利用至少一个井下断层摄影室（10）提供在烃井中流动的井下流体的信息的方法。 通过光纤束（24）将光引入断层摄影机室（10），部分光收集在其他光纤束（32,34）中。 所收集的光部分通过光纤束（32,34）传送到表面系统（14），其中检测到光以产生与光部分成比例的信号，以提供关于在 那个井 本发明允许在井眼中产生多相流的二维或三维图像，并且允许基于单个区域确定多个区域的生产参数。
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公开(公告)号：US5586084A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-17
申请号：US359622
申请日：1994-12-20
CPC分类号： E21B47/18 , G01V1/52 , Y10S367/912
摘要： A poppet and orifice mud pulser assembly is disclosed for use in an MWD system. The mud pulser is capable of generating pressure pulses in the column of drilling mud of various amplitudes to increase the data rate of the mud pulse telemetry system. The mud pulser includes a piston assembly that positions the poppet with respect to the orifice. The piston assembly comprises part of a by-pass conduit which defines a mud flow path around the orifice. Mud flow in the piston assembly generates a force tending to shut the poppet, because the surface area of the piston A.sub.2 is greater than the surface area of the poppet A.sub.1. Mud flow through the conduit (and thus through the piston) tends to force the poppet into a closed position because the force on the piston is greater than the force on the poppet, because of the greater surface area of the piston. A pilot valve is provided to enable and disable flow through the conduit, thus allowing the poppet to open and close. Other amplitude level signals are generated by permitting the poppet to partially open through the implementation of a plurality of parallel pressure relief valves, each of which is set with a different pressure relief value. The pressure relief valves are selected by an associated selector valve. Selection of a pressure relief valve prevents pressure within the piston from exceeding the pressure relief valve, which causes the poppet to partially open, thereby changing the pressure pulse amplitude generated. Alternatively, a motor operated pressure control valve may be used to vary the amplitude of the pressure pulse, thereby permitting the generation of waveforms of any shape.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于MWD系统的提升阀和孔口泥浆泵组件。 泥浆脉冲发生器能够在各种幅度的钻井泥浆柱中产生压力脉冲，以增加泥浆脉冲遥测系统的数据速率。 泥浆泵包括一个将提升阀相对于孔口定位的活塞组件。 活塞组件包括旁路管道的一部分，其限定了围绕孔口的泥浆流动路径。 由于活塞A2的表面积大于提升阀A1的表面面积，所以活塞组件中的泥浆流动产生倾向于关闭提升阀的力。 由于活塞的较大的表面积，因为活塞上的力大于提升阀上的力，所以通过导管（并且因此通过活塞）的泥浆倾向于迫使提升阀进入关闭位置。 提供了一个先导阀以使能和阻止通过导管的流动，从而允许提升阀打开和关闭。 其他幅度电平信号通过允许提升阀通过实施多个平行的压力释放阀而部分打开来产生，每个压力安全阀设置有不同的压力释放值。 减压阀由相关的选择阀选择。 减压阀的选择可以防止活塞内的压力超过泄压阀，从而使提升阀部分打开，从而改变产生的压力脉冲幅度。 或者，可以使用马达操作的压力控制阀来改变压力脉冲的幅度，从而允许产生任何形状的波形。
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43.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5515336A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US292100
申请日：1994-08-17
CPC分类号： E21B47/18
摘要： An acoustic detector in a mud pulse telemetry system includes a bypass loop in parallel with a section of the main mud line that supplies drilling mud to a drill string. The detector includes a pair of pressure sensing ports in the bypass line, and one or more pressure transducers for detecting the pressure at different locations in the bypass loop so that the differential pressure can be measured. The bypass loop has a small internal passageway relative to the main mud supply line and may include a constriction so as to create two regions in the passageway that differ in cross sectional areas. Forming the pressure sensing ports in the regions of differing cross sectional areas allows the pressure transducers to more precisely detect the mud pulse signals. Because of its relatively small cross sectional area, only a small fraction of the drilling mud flows through the bypass loop. The bypass loop may thus be constructed of hydraulic hose and a relatively small rigid body having a central through bore.
摘要翻译： 泥浆脉冲遥测系统中的声学检测器包括与主泥浆线的一部分平行的旁路回路，其将钻井泥浆提供给钻柱。 检测器包括在旁路管路中的一对压力检测端口以及用于检测旁路回路中不同位置处的压力的一个或多个压力传感器，从而可以测量差压。 旁路回路相对于主泥浆供应管线具有小的内部通道，并且可以包括收缩部，以便在通道中产生横截面积不同的两个区域。 在不同横截面积的区域中形成压力传感端口允许压力传感器更精确地检测泥浆脉冲信号。 由于其相对较小的横截面积，只有一小部分钻井泥浆流过旁路回路。 因此，旁路回路可以由液压软管和具有中心通孔的相对小的刚体构成。
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公开(公告)号：US5229765A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-20
申请号：US697174
申请日：1991-05-08
申请人： Wallace R. Gardner
发明人： Wallace R. Gardner
IPC分类号： G01V3/26
CPC分类号： G01V3/265
摘要： An adaptive transversal filter is incorporated with an SP conductor extending through a logging cable to the surface from an SP electrode supported on a sonde. This logging cable is operated in a noisy environment and there is the risk of noise on the logging cable obscuring the SP signal. The SP signal is obtained at the surface and is passed through a filter system. One input to the filter system utilizes an AC ammeter connected to the AC power source for the logging cable and that signal is input to a multi-stage adaptive transversal filter. The filter output is a recreation of the noise imposed on the SP conductor and when summed with the SP output signal, provides a signal which is substantially noise free.
摘要翻译： 自适应横向滤波器结合有SP导体，其通过测井电缆延伸到从主探头支撑的SP电极到表面。 这种测井电缆在噪声环境下工作，测井电缆有噪音的风险遮蔽了SP信号。 SP信号在表面获得并通过过滤系统。 过滤系统的一个输入使用连接到测井电缆的AC电源的AC电流表，并将该信号输入到多级自适应横向滤波器。 滤波器输出是施加在SP导体上的噪声的重建，并且当与SP输出信号相加时，提供基本上无噪声的信号。
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公开(公告)号：US20080285386A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-20
申请号：US12065529
申请日：2006-11-10
CPC分类号： E21B47/16
摘要： Acoustic telemetry devices and methods that provide directional detection. In one embodiment, a disclosed acoustic telemetry device comprises at least two acoustic sensors and an electronics module. The electronics module combines the detection signals from the acoustic sensors to obtain a combined signal that substantially excludes signals propagating in a direction opposite to the communication signal The disclosed systems and methods can be trained in the field and will readily accommodate an irregular and unknown signal transmission medium between the two acoustic sensors
摘要翻译： 声学遥测装置和方法提供方向检测。 在一个实施例中，所公开的声学遥测装置包括至少两个声学传感器和电子模块。 电子模块组合来自声学传感器的检测信号，以获得基本排除在与通信信号相反的方向上传播的信号的组合信号。所公开的系统和方法可以在现场进行训练，并且将容易地适应不规则和未知的信号传输 介于两个声传感器之间
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46.发明授权Directional signal and noise sensors for borehole electromagnetic telemetry system 有权井眼电磁遥测系统的定向信号和噪声传感器公开(公告)号：US07268696B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-11
申请号：US10673971
申请日：2003-09-29
IPC分类号： G01V11/00
CPC分类号： G01V11/002 , E21B47/122 , H01Q1/04 , H01Q3/2611
摘要： An electromagnetic borehole telemetry system providing improved signal to noise ratio. Adaptive filters use noise channels as references to remove noise from the signal channel. Directional detectors provide a signal channel with reduced noise content and improved noise channels with reduced signal content. Directional detectors may be magnetometers aligned with the magnetic field, or antennas aligned with the electric field, of signal or noise sources. Alignment may be performed by beam steering of the outputs of a three-channel detector, which may detect both signal and noise.
摘要翻译： 提供改善的信噪比的电磁井眼遥测系统。 自适应滤波器使用噪声通道作为参考，以消除信号通道中的噪声。 定向检测器提供具有降低的噪声含量的信号信道和具有降低的信号含量的改进的噪声信道。 定向检测器可以是与磁场对准的磁力计，或与电场对准的天线，信号或噪声源。 可以通过可以检测信号和噪声的三通道检测器的输出的波束控制来执行对准。
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公开(公告)号：US07265682B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-04
申请号：US11093120
申请日：2005-03-29
IPC分类号： G08C19/16
CPC分类号： H04L27/2608 , E21B47/12 , E21B47/14 , E21B47/16
摘要： Methods and systems employing combined source-channel coding for multi-carrier modulation (MCM). In some embodiments, a described method comprises: estimating channel gain to noise ratio (CGNR) as a function of frequency bin; determining MCM parameters that minimize distortion of one or more telemetry signals; generating a communications signal using the MCM parameters, and transmitting the communications signal via a communications channel. The MCM parameters may be determined by minimizing a telemetry signal distortion measure subject to CGNR and a transmit power constraint. The MCM parameters may further account for differing fidelity requirements when multiple telemetry signals are being transmitted.
摘要翻译： 使用多载波调制（MCM）的组合源信道编码的方法和系统。 在一些实施例中，所描述的方法包括：作为频率仓的函数估计信道增益比（CGNR）; 确定最小化一个或多个遥测信号的失真的MCM参数; 使用MCM参数生成通信信号，以及经由通信信道发送通信信号。 MCM参数可以通过最小化受CGNR影响的遥测信号失真度量和发射功率约束来确定。 当传输多个遥测信号时，MCM参数可进一步考虑不同的保真度要求。
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48.发明授权Motion sensor for noise cancellation in borehole electromagnetic telemetry system 有权用于井眼电磁遥测系统噪声消除的运动传感器公开(公告)号：US06781520B1
公开(公告)日：2004-08-24
申请号：US09923184
申请日：2001-08-06
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： E21B47/122 , E21B47/121 , G01V11/00 , H03H21/0012
摘要： An electromagnetic borehole telemetry system providing improved signal to noise ratio. Adaptive filters use noise channels as references to remove noise from the signal channel. Improved sensors provide noise channels with reduced signal content. Motion sensors are used to detect noise and provide a noise channel free of signal content. The motion sensors are shielded from electromagnetic signals to prevent detection of the telemetry signal.
摘要翻译： 提供改善的信噪比的电磁井眼遥测系统。 自适应滤波器使用噪声通道作为参考，以消除信号通道中的噪声。 改进的传感器为噪声信道提供了减少的信号含量。 运动传感器用于检测噪声并提供无信号内容的噪声通道。 运动传感器屏蔽电磁信号，以防止遥测信号的检测。
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49.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06580751B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09496077
申请日：2000-02-01
申请人： Wallace R. Gardner , John W. Minear
发明人： Wallace R. Gardner , John W. Minear
IPC分类号： H04B138
CPC分类号： G01V1/22 , G01V11/002 , H04L27/2601
摘要： A method and related apparatus for high speed digital data conmunications from multiple distributed modems to a single central modem or a common transmission medium. In one embodiment, multiple downhole modems, with each modem associated with a geophone, transmit data to a surface modem over a single transmission medium. In a second embodiment, multiple transmission mediums are used and a plurality of downhole modems associated with geophones communicate to the surface modem over the downhole modem's respective transmission medium.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从多个分布式调制解调器到单个中央调制解调器或公共传输介质的高速数字数据通信的方法和相关装置。 在一个实施例中，具有与地震检波器相关联的每个调制解调器的多个井下调制解调器通过单个传输介质将数据发送到表面调制解调器。 在第二实施例中，使用多个传输介质，并且与地震检波器相关联的多个井下调制解调器通过井下调制解调器的相应传输介质与地面调制解调器通信。
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公开(公告)号：US5387907A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-07
申请号：US81710
申请日：1993-06-25
摘要： In a well logging tool forming a data stream for telemetry to the surface, an encoding system is located downhole cooperative with surface located decoding equipment. The encoder converts serial data into NRZ symbols, then duobinary code of seven levels and then into quadrature modulating signals on a complex carrier. The decoder at the well surface receives the quadrature modulated complex carrier, forms inphase and quadrature components and decodes the two components. The decoder includes circuit means removing the intersignal distortion and also intersymbol smearing. This enables very significant telemetry ratio.
摘要翻译： 在测井工具中，形成用于遥测地面的数据流，编码系统位于井下与地面解码设备协同工作。 编码器将串行数据转换为NRZ符号，然后将七个电平的二进制码转换为复合载波上的正交调制信号。 井表面的解码器接收正交调制复数载波，形成同相和正交分量并对两个分量进行解码。 解码器包括消除信号间畸变和码间拖尾的电路装置。 这使得非常显着的遥测比率。
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