公开(公告)号：US5924499A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-20

申请号：US837582

申请日：1997-04-21

申请人： James Robert Birchak ,  Clarence Gerald Gardner ,  Kwang Yoo

发明人： James Robert Birchak ,  Clarence Gerald Gardner ,  Kwang Yoo

IPC分类号： E21B47/14 ,  E21B47/16 ,  E21B47/18 ,  E21B47/00

CPC分类号： E21B47/16 ,  E21B47/14 ,  E21B47/18 ,  E21B47/182

摘要： A system is disclosed for transmitting and receiving acoustic data signals in a well containing a drill string. The system includes devices for transmitting acoustic signals through the drill string, drilling mud, and formation, and further includes methods for transmitting and interpreting the acoustic signal so as to maximize accuracy of the transmission. The methods of the present invention include correlating signals transmitted along different paths or paths of different lengths, using frequency shift keying transmission, using shear waves to transmit signals through downhole equipment and using compression waves to transmit signals through the mud. The signals further give information about the frequency dependence of formation speed of sound and formation acoustic attenuation. The method also give information for imaging the locations of reflective boundaries in the material surrounding the borehole. The system offers the advantage to the driller of receiving essentially real time information about properties of the formation surrounding the bit.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在包含钻柱的井中发送和接收声学数据信号的系统。 该系统包括用于通过钻柱，钻井泥浆和地层传输声学信号的装置，并且还包括用于传输和解释声学信号的方法，以使传播的精度最大化。 本发明的方法包括使用频移键控传输，使用剪切波通过井下设备传输信号并使用压缩波来通过泥浆传输信号来使沿不同长度的不同路径或路径发送的信号相关联。 信号进一步提供关于声音形成速度和地层声衰减的频率依赖性的信息。 该方法还提供用于对围绕钻孔的材料中的反射边界的位置进行成像的信息。 该系统提供了钻机接收基本上关于围绕钻头的地层的性质的实时信息的优点。

公开(公告)号：US06355928B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-12

申请号：US09282581

申请日：1999-03-31

申请人： Neal G. Skinner ,  Gerald Gardner ,  Margaret Waid ,  Wallace R. Gardner ,  John Minear

发明人： Neal G. Skinner ,  Gerald Gardner ,  Margaret Waid ,  Wallace R. Gardner ,  John Minear

IPC分类号： G01V800

CPC分类号： G01V8/02 ,  E21B47/102 ,  E21B49/08

摘要： This invention provides a method and an apparatus for fiber optic tomographic analysis and imaging of fluids. This invention includes a method for providing information on downhole fluid flowing in a hydrocarbon well, utilizing at least one downhole tomograph chamber (10). Light is introduced into the tomograph chamber (10) by an optical fiber bundle (24), and portions of the light are collected in other optical fiber bundles (32, 34). The collected portions of light are conveyed through the optical fiber bundles (32, 34) to a surface system (14), where the light is detected to produce signals proportional to the portions of light to provide information on optical properties of downhole fluid flowing in the well. This invention allows the generation of two or three dimensional images of multiple phase flow in the wellbore and allows determination of production parameters of multiple zones on an individual zone basis.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于光纤断层摄影分析和流体成像的方法和装置。 本发明包括利用至少一个井下断层摄影室（10）提供在烃井中流动的井下流体的信息的方法。 通过光纤束（24）将光引入断层摄影机室（10），部分光收集在其他光纤束（32,34）中。 所收集的光部分通过光纤束（32,34）传送到表面系统（14），其中检测到光以产生与光部分成比例的信号，以提供关于在 那个井 本发明允许在井眼中产生多相流的二维或三维图像，并且允许基于单个区域确定多个区域的生产参数。

公开(公告)号：US4988376A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-29

申请号：US388372

申请日：1989-08-02

申请人： Glenn M. Mason ,  Gerald Gardner

发明人： Glenn M. Mason ,  Gerald Gardner

IPC分类号： B09C1/06 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C03C1/00 ,  C03C6/10

CPC分类号： B09C1/067 ,  B09C1/08 ,  C03C1/002

摘要： Lead or other heavy metals are rendered immobile for sanitary disposal by vitrifying the silica-based soil or other medium in which the lead or heavy metal is contained. The silica sand or other soil contaminated with lead is heated to the melting point of the silica. A melt accelerator or fluxing agent is added to lower the melting point of the silica. A reducing agent is added to cause a separation of the metallic phases from the glass. The glass formed retains a portion of the lead, with excess metals, e.g., gold, silver, and platinum, separating. These metals may be recovered at any time after this point in the process.In the case of a silica-poor medium, such as a soil that does not contain sufficient quartz to perform the process successfully, additional quartz sand or scrap glass is added to the process in quantity sufficient to ensure the formation of the glass slag.The slag formed by the process of the present invention is extremely impervious to leaching by groundwater, therefore removing the contaiminate from the environment.

摘要翻译： 铅或其他重金属通过玻璃化含有铅或重金属的二氧化硅基土或其他介质而被固定用于卫生处理。 将硅砂或被铅污染的其他土壤加热至二氧化硅的熔点。 加入熔融促进剂或助熔剂以降低二氧化硅的熔点。 加入还原剂以引起金属相与玻璃的分离。 形成的玻璃保留了铅的一部分，分离出多余的金属，例如金，银和铂。 这些金属可以在该过程之后的任何时间被回收。 在二氧化硅不良介质（例如不具有足够的石英）以成功地进行该方法的土壤的情况下，额外的石英砂或废玻璃以足以确保形成玻璃渣的量加入到该方法中。 通过本发明的方法形成的炉渣对于地下水的浸出是非常不渗透的，因此从环境中除去污染物。